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1.
论华南喷流—沉积块状硫化物矿床 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
现代海底喷流－沉积硫化物矿床的发现极大地推动了海底热液成矿理论的发展，也大大地提高了对古代海底喷流块充化物矿术的研究水平。本文指出喷流－沉积是重要的成矿作用，提出喷流－沉积矿床是华南Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｎ、Ａｇ、Ａｕ等矿产资源的重要来源，形成了一批超大型矿床，并将华南许多曾被认为属夕卡岩矿床重新确认为喷流－沉积岩床。文章还论述了华南喷流－沉积块状硫化物矿床的特征、分类、时空分布及其成矿特点等问题， 相似文献
2.
昆仑造山带钴矿找矿前景初步评价 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
钴绝大多数呈伴生矿种出现于铜镍硫化物矿床、夕卡岩矿床以及海底喷流沉积矿床中。通过对昆仑－阿尼玛卿山－秦岭地区不同类型钴矿或含钴矿床地质特征的分析,认为该地区具有良好的钴矿成矿条件。钴不仅可以出现于完全不同类型的矿床中,而且还地块状硫化物脉出现,形成高芳富钴的独立钴矿床。这一地区有望迅速取得找矿突破的钴矿床类型可能是海底热水喷流沉积型（ＳＥＤＥＸ）,尤其在已发现的这类Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、ＰｂＺｎ矿床或其周围 相似文献
3.
喷流沉积成矿作用研究的若干问题 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
研究海底喷流沉积矿床形成和陆源沉积速率，可确定喷流沉积矿床处于上盘蚀变的找矿标志和块状硫化物矿床产出的海底深度。此外还探讨了陆相喷流沉积成矿的可能性。 相似文献
4.
通过对闽西南地区石炭纪—早二叠世主要块状硫化物矿床的区域成矿背景、贮矿层位特征以及矿石矿物成分、结构构造,硫同位素地球化学特征、成矿温度等分析研究,指出该地区石炭纪—早二叠世块状硫化物矿床的形成多与海底火山活动有关,贮矿层中伴有典型的喷流沉积岩—硅质岩,并提出闽西南地区块状硫化物矿床存在海底喷流-沉积成矿作用的新认识。 相似文献
5.
安徽铜陵矿集区块状硫化物矿床成因模型与成矿流体动力学迁移 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
根据地质和同位素地球化学特征，建立了铜陵地区赋存于石炭系地层底部的块状硫化物矿床的成因模型；该类型矿床的形成主要与石炭纪海底热水活动有关，属喷流-沉积型(SEDEX)块状硫化物矿床；下伏古生代地层是重要的成矿金属源区，海水硫酸盐是硫化物成矿的主要硫源。成矿热流体循环的动力学数值模拟揭示。该类型矿床底盘岩石中的流体活动和热影响范围主要局限在主排泄通道两侧较小的区域内；温度场和流场决定以沉积岩为容矿岩石的喷流．沉积型块状硫化物矿床底盘岩石中的蚀变和矿化强度不如以火山岩为容矿岩石的块状硫化物矿床。伴随强大深部热流的张性同生断裂是控制喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床形成与分布的关键因素。海西期扬子板块北缘的张性构造体制为该时期喷流一沉积型块状硫化物矿床的形成提供了有利的地球动力学环境。 相似文献
6.
本文从现代海底热液成矿系统和古代块状硫化物矿床中都含有大量的贵金属这一事实出发，论证了贱金属硫化物矿床中贵金属的重要性，并论述了Ａｕ，Ａｇ在矿物、矿石、矿体及矿床类型中的分布特征及其Ｃｕ－Ａｕ共生、Ｐｂ（Ｚｎ）－Ａｇ共生相合对于矿床地质和找矿的意义。 相似文献
7.
沉积喷流作用与金矿化的关系 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
现代洋底多金属块状硫化物和陆上贱金属块状硫化物矿床中的含金性调查研究证实：海底沉积喷流作用不仅能形成十分重要的贱金属硫化物矿床,而且也能导致金的明显富集。通常形成于弧后或岛弧环境下的同长英质火山岩有关的块状硫化物中的金含量较高。大量的金矿床地球化学研究工作已识别出一些沉积喷流型金矿床,此外还发现即使是具有明显后生成矿特征的太古宙绿岩带中的脉状金矿床也显示出其同沉积喷流作用密切的时空关系 相似文献
8.
滇西大平掌铜多金属矿床火山喷流沉积原因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
大平掌矿床由上部层状块状硫化物矿体和下部细脉浸染状矿体组成,双层结构清楚。块状矿体中发育典型的草莓状和鲕状硫化物。成矿地质背景和矿石中的金属元素及REE配分形式、S同位素组成、流体包裹体特征等均与黑矿型矿床及现代海底热液活动区硫化物矿床相似。矿床典型的火山喷流沉积成因。 相似文献
9.
华北中元古代硫化物黑烟囟发现的初步报道 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
海底黑烟囟为当代海洋地质调查的重要发现，对于揭示地史时期块状硫化物的成矿过程中以及生命起源具有重要意义。本文初步报道在冀东中元古代块状硫化物矿床中首次发现保存完好的黑烟囟构造，它们保留了成矿流体运移的通道构造，围绕通道构造还显示良好的矿物分带现象。完全可以与现代海底黑烟囟对比，黑烟囟的发现证明了该区硫化物矿床的形成与海底喷流过程密切相关。 相似文献
10.
海底喷流作用对金富集成矿的意义 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
近年来积累的大量矿床地质事实和现代海底扩张中心正在形成的块状硫化物中金的富集表明，海底喷流作用不仅可以形成Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ等贱金属硫化物矿床，而且也能形成独立的喷流型金矿床。喷流型金矿床在我国具有良好的产出地质背景，极大可能是我国金矿地质工作取得突破的重要方向。当前对喷流型金矿床的理论研究，在我国尚处于起步状态，进一步加强该类型金矿床的理论研究和找矿工作，必将对提高金矿的成矿理论水平和改善我国金矿资源面貌，起十分重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1031-1051
The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province. 相似文献
12.
中国一些主要金属矿床类型及其时空分布规律问题 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
中国已发现了许多规模较大的金属矿床，其中以铁-铜-镍、锌-铅、锰-铝和钨-锡-钼十种四组矿床最具特色。它们分别产于前寒武纪古陆和显生宙的地槽褶皱系中。比较发育的成矿期是太古一早元古代、中元古代、晚古生代和中生代。根据许多矿床分别产于以海相喷出沉积为主和喷出、侵入均极发育的不同地质构造环境中，说明一些金属矿床的形成是严格地受地质构造环境控制的。在地质构造演化历史过程中，类似的地质构造环境虽然可以形成近似的矿床，但这仅是少数矿床类型，总的说成矿作用是由简而繁，显生宙比隐生宙出现更多的新矿床类型。因此中国一些金属矿床的时空分布是明显地具有一定的规律性的。 相似文献
13.
基于GIS空间分析技术,对云南澜沧江中南段多金属矿床的赋矿地层时间谱系、容矿构造空间谱系和矿床成因谱系进行了较系统的分析.研究表明,下-中元古界、三叠系、泥盆系、二叠系是本区最重要的赋矿层位,有两个聚矿期和多个时代地层含矿的特点,不同时代地层的含矿性具有多样性和专属型特征,元古宙火山沉积为主的建造是铁-铜、钨-锡矿为主的赋矿层位,晚古生代-中生代早期是沉积、裂谷火山活动强烈时期,金、铜、铅、锌、银、汞、锑、钨、锡多金属矿床高度聚集.自东向西为中生代坳陷区金、铜、镍成矿带,思茅-龙洞河晚古生代-三叠纪沉积盆地铜、铅、锌、银成矿带,岩浆弧地块钨、锡、铅-锌、铁成矿带,浅变质岩基底铅-锌-银、铁成矿带,被动边缘活动带金、铅-锌-银、锡成矿区和保山-镇康微地块铅-锌、铜、铁、汞成矿带,构成了容矿构造空间谱系.全区多金属矿床有沉积、沉积改造、岩浆-变质热液、火山沉积-火山热液四大成矿谱系,14种成矿类型,铜多金属、铅-锌-银、锡-钨矿床是研究区最具找矿前景的优势矿种. 相似文献
14.
滇东南喷流沉积块状硫化物特征与矿床成因 总被引：41，自引：8，他引：33
滇东南一些著名的大型－超大型锡多金属矿床,如个旧锡矿和都龙锡矿,白牛厂大型银,锡多金属矿床下部均有燕山期花岗岩发育,因此,个旧和都龙锡多金属矿床大多数人认为是岩浆热液矿床。笔者对上述三个矿床的矿石矿物组构、成分以及它们的共生组合关系进行了系统研究,发现了大量海底喷流沉积结构构造,值得一提的是在岩体接触带附近的块状硫化物矿体中发现了缅状结构和丝状客形虫等证据,而这些矿体曾被认为是典型的岩浆热液成因, 相似文献
15.
The ore deposits of the Mesozoic age in South China can be divided into three groups, each with different metal associations and spatial distributions and each related to major magmatic events. The first event occurred in the Late Triassic (230–210 Ma), the second in the Mid–Late Jurassic (170–150 Ma), and the third in the Early–Mid Cretaceous (120–80 Ma). The Late Triassic magmatic event and associated mineralization is characterized by peraluminous granite-related W–Sn–Nb–Ta mineral deposits. The Triassic ore deposits are considerably disturbed or overprinted by the later Jurassic and Cretaceous tectono-thermal episodes. The Mid–Late Jurassic magmatic and mineralization events consist of 170–160 Ma porphyry–skarn Cu and Pb–Zn–Ag vein deposits associated with I-type granites and 160–150 Ma metaluminous granite-related polymetallic W–Sn deposits. The Late Jurassic metaluminous granite-related W–Sn deposits occur in a NE-trending cluster in the interior of South China, such as in the Nanling area. In the Early–Mid Cretaceous, from about 120 to 80 Ma, but peaking at 100–90 Ma, subvolcanic-related Fe deposits developed and I-type calc-alkaline granitic intrusions formed porphyry Cu–Mo and porphyry-epithermal Cu–Au–Ag mineral systems, whereas S-type peraluminous and/or metaluminous granitic intrusions formed polymetallic Sn deposits. These Cretaceous mineral deposits cluster in distinct areas and are controlled by pull-apart basins along the South China continental margin. Based on mineral assemblage, age, and space–time distribution of these mineral systems, integrated with regional geological data and field observations, we suggest that the three magmatic–mineralization episodes are the result of distinct geodynamic regimes. The Triassic peraluminous granites and associated W–Sn–Nb–Ta mineralization formed during post-collisional processes involving the South China Block, the North China Craton, and the Indo-China Block, mostly along the Dabie-Sulu and Songma sutures. Jurassic events were initially related to the shallow oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate beneath the Eurasian continent at about 175 Ma, but I-type granitoids with porphyry Cu and vein-type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits only began to form as a result of the breakup of the subducted plate at 170–160 Ma, along the NNE-trending Qinzhou-Hangzhou belt (also referred to as Qin-Hang or Shi-Hang belt), which is the Neoproterozoic suture that amalgamates the Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia Block. A large subduction slab window is assumed to have formed in the Nanling and adjacent areas in the interior of South China, triggering the uprise of asthenospheric mantle into the upper crust and leading to the emplacement of metaluminous granitic magma and associated polymetallic W–Sn mineralization. A relatively tectonically quiet period followed between 150 and 135 Ma in South China. From 135 Ma onward, the angle of convergence of the Izanagi plate changed from oblique to parallel to the coastline, resulting in continental extensional tectonics and reactivation of regional-scale NE-trending faults, such as the Tan-Lu fault. This widespread extension also promoted the development of NE-trending pull-apart basins and metamorphic core complexes, accompanied by volcanism and the formation of epithermal Cu–Au deposits, granite-related polymetallic Sn–(W) deposits and hydrothermal U deposits between 120 and 80 Ma (with a peak activity at 100–90 Ma). 相似文献
16.
Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits are one of the most important base–metal deposit types in China, are major sources of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ag, and Au, and significant sources for Co, Sn, Se, Mn, Cd, In, Bi, Te, Ga, and Ge. They typically occur at or near the seafloor in submarine volcanic environments, and are classified according to base metal content, gold content, or host-rock lithology. The spatial distribution of the deposits is determined by the different geological settings, with VMS deposits concentrated in the Sanjiang, Qilian and Altai metallogenic provinces. VMS deposits in China range in age from Archaean to Mesozoic, and have three epochs of large scale mineralization of Proterozoic, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. Only Hongtoushan Cu–Zn deposit has been recognized so far in an Archaean greenstone belt, at the north margin of the North China Platform. The Proterozoic era was one of the important metallogenic periods for the formation of VMS mineralization, mainly in the Early and Late Proterozoic periods. VMS-type Cu–Fe and Cu–Zn deposits related to submarine volcanic-sedimentary rocks, were formed in the Aulacogens and rifts in the interior and along both sides of the North China Platform, and the southern margin of the Yangtze Platform. More than half of the VMS deposits formed in the Palaeozoic, and three important VMS–metallogenic provinces have been recognized, they are Altai–Junggar (i.e. Ashele Cu–Pb–Zn deposit), Sanjiang (i.e. Laochang Zn–Pb–Cu deposit) and Qilian (i.e. Baiyinchang Cu–Zn deposit). The Triassic is a significant tectonic and metallogenic period for China. In the Sanjiang Palaeo–Tethys, the Late Triassic Yidun arc is the latest arc–basin system, in which the Gacun-style VMS Pb–Zn–Cu–Ag deposits developed in the intra-arc rift basins, with bimodal volcanic suites at the northern segment of the arc. 相似文献
17.
阿尔泰南缘麦兹泥盆纪火山_沉积盆地成矿特点及其铅锌、铁、金找矿潜力分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
麦兹盆地位于西伯利亚板块南缘阿尔泰陆缘活动带中,是一个重要的铅、锌、铁矿化集中区,其中著名的有蒙库大型铁矿床、可可塔勒大型铅锌矿床,是阿尔泰南缘多金属成矿带中最重要的成矿盆地之一。盆地内矿床、矿点多为火山喷流热水沉积成因,层控特征明显,具有规模大、形态规则、厚度及有用组分稳定等特点。铁矿成矿与早泥盆世早期细碧角斑质火山作用相伴,而铅锌成矿则与早泥盆世晚期长英质火山喷流沉积作用相伴。通过对麦兹盆地成矿地质特征和典型矿床中矿体分布变化规律的研究,认为北西向同生断裂、火山沉积洼地、火山喷发中心(火山机构)共同控制铅锌矿的产出,矿体还受到后期褶皱、变质作用的改造。根据有利层位、火山岩相、喷流沉积岩、热液蚀变、矿化组合、铁帽、控矿构造和地球化学异常等综合找矿评价标志,分析了可可塔勒矿区深部、什根特、铁热克萨依、H-48号异常的铅锌找矿潜力,并探讨了盆地内铁、金的找矿潜力,指出了进一步找矿的方向与有利地段。 相似文献
18.
武夷山Cu- Pb- Zn多金属成矿带主要成矿地质特征及潜力分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
武夷山Cu-Pb-Zn多金属成矿带是华夏地块内的重要成矿区域,长期处于全球超大陆聚散与南北大陆离散拼合的交接转换地带,拥有复杂多样的成矿环境和有利的成矿条件,需要重点部署找矿勘查工作。文章从研究区构造演化历史出发,分析了该成矿带区域成矿地质背景,并在此基础上建立了成矿谱系。作者根据全国矿产资源潜力评价成果,经汇总和综合分析,同时结合新的找矿理论和找矿进展,对本成矿带下一步矿产勘查工作提出了部署建议,建议主攻矿种为:稀土、萤石、铜、钼、铅、锌、锡、金、银等,主攻类型为:风化淋积型稀土矿、斑岩型铜钼金矿、沉积改造型铅锌银多金属矿、岩浆热液型萤石矿以及与酸性岩浆有关的热液型钨锡铋钼铌钽矿等,并在成矿带内圈定了19个找矿远景区,其中8个为重点远景区,11个为一般远景区。 相似文献
19.
The Tethyside orogen, a direct consequence of the separation of the Gondwanaland and the accretion of Eurasia, is a huge composite orogenic system that was generated during Paleozoic–Mesozoic Tethyan accretionary and Cenozoic continent–continent collisional orogenesis within the Tethyan domain. The Tethyside orogenic system consists of a group of diverse Tethyan blocks, including the Istanbul, Sakarya, Anatolide–Taurides, Central Iran, Afghanistan, Songpan–Ganzi, Eastern Qiangtang, Western Qiangtang, Lhasa, Indochina, Sibumasu, and Western Burma blocks, which were separated from Gondwana, drifted northwards, and accreted to the Eurasian continent by opening and closing of two successive Tethyan oceanic basins (Paleo-Tethyan and Neo-Tethyan), and subsequent continental collision.The Tethyan domain represents a metallogenic amalgamation across diverse geodynamic settings, and is the best endowed of all large orogenic systems, such as those associated with the Cordilleran and Variscan orogenies. The ore deposits within the Tethyan domain include porphyry Cu–Mo–Au, granite-related Sn–W, podiform chromite, sediment-hosted Pb–Zn deposits, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) Cu–Pb–Zn deposits, epithermal and orogenic Au polymetallic deposits, as well as skarn Fe polymetallic deposits. At least two metallogenic supergroups have been identified within the eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain (ETMD): (1) metallogenesis related to the accretionary orogen, including the Zhongdian, Bangonghu, and Pontides porphyry Cu belts, the Pontides, Sanandaj–Sirjan, and Sanjiang VMS belts, the Lasbela–Khuzdar sedimentary exhalative-type (SEDEX) Pb–Zn deposits, and podiform chromite deposits along the Tethyan ophiolite zone; and (2) metallogenesis related to continental collision, including the Gangdese, Yulong, Arasbaran–Kerman and Chagai porphyry Cu belts, the Taurus, Sanandaj–Sirjan, and Sanjiang Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn belts, the Southeast Asia and Tengchong–Lianghe Sn–W belts or districts, the Himalayan epithermal Sb–Au–Pb–Zn belt, the Piranshahr–Saqez–Sardasht and Ailaoshan orogenic Au belts, and the northwest Iran and northeastern Gangdese skarn Fe polymetallic belts. Mineral deposits that are generated with tectonic evolution of the Tethys form in specific settings, such as accretionary wedges, magmatic arcs, backarcs, and passive continental margins within accretionary orogens, and the foreland basins, foreland thrust zones, collisional sutures, collisional magmatic zones, and collisional deformation zones within collisional orogens.Synthesizing the architecture and tectonic evolution of collisional orogens within the ETMD and comparisons with other collisional orogenic systems have led to the identification of four basic types of collision: orthogonal and asymmetric (e.g., the Tibetan collision), orthogonal and symmetric (Pyrenees), oblique and symmetric (Alpine), and oblique and asymmetric (Zagros). The tectonic evolution of collisional orogens typically includes three major processes: (1) syn-collisional continental convergence, (2) late-collisional tectonic transform, and (3) post-collisional crustal extension, each forming distinct types of ore deposits in specific settings. The resulting synthesis leads us to propose a new conceptual framework for the collision-related metallogenic systems, which may aid in deciphering relationships among ore types in other comparable collisional orogens. Three significant processes, such as breaking-off of subducted Tethyan slab, large-scale strike-slip faulting, shearing and thrusting, and delamination (or broken-off) of lithosphere, developed in syn-, late- and post-collisional periods, repsectively, were proposed to act as major driving forces, resulting in the formation of the collision-related metallogenic systems. Widespread appearance of juvenile crust and intense inteaction between mantle and crust within the Himalayan–Zagros orogens indicate that collisional orogens have great potential for the discovery of large or giant mineral deposits. 相似文献
20.
华北克拉通北缘与盆地流体有关的若干矿床实例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
与华南一样,在华北克拉通北缘及其增生带也有与盆地流体有关的矿床产出。矿床的生成总是与张裂型沉积盆地有关。根据基底大地构造性质和盆地动力学演化特征,可划分出两个与盆地流体有关的、特征各异的金属成矿省：1)华北克拉通北部元古代金．多金属成矿省,在克拉通内部,边缘元古代裂谷增生期生成沉积喷流型硫多金属矿床和沉积岩容矿的微细浸染型金矿床;2)大兴安岭中南段古生代锡．多金属成矿省,在克拉通北缘早／晚古生代增生带的张裂型沉积盆地内分别生成各具特征的铅锌/锡-多金属矿床。 相似文献