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在塔吉克斯坦—新疆３５条全新世活断层中,２４条发生过２次以上古地震,发生７．０级以上古地震的平均复现期为３２４２±５５年。阿尔金活动断裂带是最活跃的断层,其古地震平均复现期为４１７±５５年。将每条活断层的古地震复现期与最后一次７．０级以上地震发生的时间相比,巴里坤纸房—秦大汉活断层、托里活断层、沙湾独山子—安集海活断层、霍尔果斯活断层及吐鲁番盆地中央活动断裂带为预警式活断层,有发生７．０级以上地震的危险,即未来北天山地震带与西准噶尔—阿尔泰地震带是有强震危险的地震带。这两条地震带的古地震复现期一般比南天山地震带与帕米尔—阿尔金山地震带长。４条地震带的古地震平均复现期为５８９±２年。塔吉克斯坦—新疆古地震的平均复现期为１３９±１年 相似文献
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地震构造系潜在震源区的蕴震及发震构造,也是地震所产生的断层和形变带,受活断层及活动褶皱控制。 新疆主要的地震构造位于印度板块和欧亚板块相碰撞的喜马拉雅碰撞带的后陆,多在碰撞期后形成。这些碰撞期后构造就是新疆主要的地震构造,分布于羌塘板块、冈底斯板块、哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块相互碰撞地段,即塔里木盆地南北缘、准噶尔盆地南缘及东北缘、伊犁盆地两侧、塔什库尔干谷地、布伦口各地以及鲸鱼湖盆地南缘。 从新疆历史地震断层或形变带的时间及空间分布来看,其活动顺序为:1716年特克斯活断层→1812年喀什河活断层→1842年巴里坤洛包泉活断层→1895年塔什库尔干活断层→1902年托特拱拜孜—阿尔帕勒克活断层→1906年准噶尔盆地南缘活断层→1914年鄯善碱泉子活断层→1924年阿尔金活断层→1931年可可托海—二台活断层→1985年卡兹克阿尔特活断层,反映了地震构造活动的新生性及迁移性。7—8级地震迁移距离为120—1340km,平均为640km。这些地震构造一般都发生过多次古地震,其平均复现期为千年左右。由布伦口活断层、策勒活断层、木孜塔格—鲸鱼湖活断层及霍尔果斯—吐谷里活断层上古地震断层的发现,拜城、库尔勒、吐鲁番和木垒古地震遗迹的展布,以及地震迁移规律等表明,今后十年北天山、南天山 相似文献
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帕米尔与天山为当今大陆内部最活跃的地区之一。合作研究该处１０年强震危险区在联合国减轻自然灾害１０年活动中有重要现实意义。我们在共同编制１：５０００００地质图、新构造图、卫片解译图、活断层图、强震等震线图及在研究区域重力、磁场、地壳岩石圈厚度、基底等深线的基础上，圈出１４个５．５级以上地震危险区。卫片显示的线性构造是基底构造在地表的反映，已切到地表的线性构造─—活断层是重要的发震构造。危险区的大小按吉萨尔－阔克萨勒等震线理论模式圈定。震级大小按活断层闭锁段的长度或４级以上地震空区的范围估算。１０年内地震危险区的个数，据历史地震的活动水平判定。地震活动的时间及其顺序按强震迁移规律及危险区判据的充分程度确定。阿图什以东、乌什、吉萨尔以酉及加尔姆酉南是今后１０年的主要强震危险区。 相似文献
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河北怀来—涿鹿盆地北缘活断层的古地震事件与断层分段 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文以五万分之一活断层地质填图所获得的资料为基础,通过探槽剖面分析阐述了怀来-涿鹿盆地北缘活断层的古地震事件及其重复序列。以古地震重复序列的差异为主要标志,参考断层的几何形态及其它活动性状,把断层划分为五个段落。段落长度在7.5—14km之间。单个段落的古地震重复时间最短为3500—7000年,最长为17000—20500年。整条断层的古地震重复时间在750—8500年之间变化,平均3300年左右。晚更新世中期以来,此断层有过三次地震群集活动,在群集期内,三次以上地震事件的平均重复间隔时间小于1500年。 相似文献
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根据新疆天山活断层新活动特征、卫星影象显示的线性构造与地震活动显示的网络构造,确定出天山可能发生强震的警戒断层有:独山子——安集海活断层、清水河子与精河——阿什里活断层、卡克博河与特克斯河活断层、兴地活断层和北轮台活断层。综合分析判定出5个未来十年可能发生强震的危险区:沙湾西南强震危险区、乌鲁木齐西南新生强震危险区、新源西新生强震危险区、库尔勒东强震危险区和轮台北新生强震危险区。研究结果表明,天山地区全新世活断层新活动颇为强烈,某些活断层具有控震作用。预测今后十年新疆天山地区有发生多个6.5级以上地震的可能。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐拥有130余万人口,是新疆维吾尔自治区的政治、经济、文化、交通中心。乌鲁木齐市位于天山褶皱带与准噶尔盆地间的乌鲁木齐山前拗陷带上,是构造复杂、断裂纵横、活断层发育、有感地震较多并有破坏性地震伴随的构造部位。近几年来,在市郊多处不仅发现活断层断错第四系、断错冲洪积扇、断错山脊、断错水系,还发现地震地表断层、地裂缝、滑坡、塌陷及沙土液化等古地震遗迹。据历史地震资料,1934年8月7日东道海子6级地震震中距离市中心88km;人们记忆犹新的1965年11月13日博格达山6.5级地震震中,距离市中心45km,近30余年来,中小地震活动频繁。 导致强震发生的活断层在乌鲁木齐市区展布状况怎样?由于第四系和城市各种建筑设施 相似文献
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1668年郯城8．5级地震断裂的全新世滑动速率、古地震和强震复发周期 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据野外考察、实测和开挖资料，研究了１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂的水平和垂直位移及古地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。研究结果表明，沿１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布与１６６８年郯城地震破裂位移分布具有良好的同步性和分级特征。破裂位移和滑动速率在空间上是变化的，水平滑动速率在１．７～２．８毫米／年范围内变化，垂直位移速率在０．２～０．５毫米／年范围内波动，水平位移量与垂直位移量比为６～８倍。沿郯城地震断裂全新世发生了４次强震事件，８级大震具有准周期重复特征，郯城地震断裂上发生的地震拟合了特征地震模式。本文归纳总结出来的鉴别断裂水平和垂直位移及古地震事件的标志和准则，对活断层和古地震的深入研究有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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强震危险区预测是当前地震预报中的重要课题之一。笔者以预警活断层、预警活断层分段研究解决断层活动的时间和空间尺度为主线，配合地震活动动态分析、地震波介质特征早期信息、近场趋势性前兆异常和危险性概率预测，确定了判别几年尺度强震危险区的指标。在“八五”地震科技课题研究过程中，圈这了范围不超过１００００ｋｍ＾２的５个强震危险区，已成功地对１９９３年１０月２日若羌６．６级地震、１９９５年５月２日乌苏５．８级 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献