共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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利用闪电电场变化仪对空中人工引发雷电引起的电场变化进行了两站同步观测，并结合高时间分辨率的光学观测资料的分析研究，揭示了一次空中引发雷电先导物理过程的特征. 当携带金属导线的火箭上升到几百米高度时，在金属导线的上端和下端激发产生了一个双向传输的先导，当向下的负先导接近地面时，一个向上的正连接先导由地面激发，正负先导的平均传播速度为0.86×105m/s，随着向下负先导的接地，将产生一个小回击过程，而由金属导线上端激发的向上正先导的传播速度为1.1×105m/s. 相似文献
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球载双球式电场仪及其应用 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
探测雷暴电场垂直分量幅度的球载双球电场仪,它由两个空心的、直径为１４．３ｃｍ,相距３．１ｃｍ的导电球构成,两球绕垂直于两球心连线的轴旋转,电场在球上的感应电荷按正弦变化,放大后由遥测发射机传输到地面．配有温度、湿度、气压传感器,既能进行高空大气温度、气压和湿度等常规气象要素的测量,又能完成雷雨云电场特殊参量的探测任务．电场探测电路及其电池组分别装在两个球内．仪器自１９９４年投入使用以来,先后参加了近２０颗卫星的升空安全保障任务,为“澳星”等卫星在雷雨期间安全升空,发挥了重要作用．仪器测量范围为１--１００ｋＶ／ｍ,性能良好． 相似文献
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为了对雷暴云下近地面的电特性进行分析，本文建立了模拟自然尖端所产生的电晕离子演化的一维数值模式。以地面电场为基础，考虑到地面电晕离子的演化，成功地计算了从地面至８００ｍ的空中电场及电荷、电流的时空演变，发现地面电晕离子可解释除雷暴云电荷影响外的空中电场和地面电场的差异，空间电场比地面电场更能反应雷暴电荷所产生的电场。空间电荷层可延伸到８００ｍ的高度上，且电荷密度可高达０．２５ｎＣ／ｍ３，６００ｍ高度上的传导电流密度可达０．１ｎＡ／ｍ２。 相似文献
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本文应用磷灰石裂变径迹法研究了鄂尔多斯盆地的热历史．不同构造单元的磷灰石裂变径迹分析资料表明：在中生代晚期，地温梯度为３．３－４．１℃／１００ｍ，大地热流值为８１－９５ｍＷ／ｍ２，高于盆地现今的平均地温梯度（２．８０℃／１００ｍ）及平均大地热流值（６３ｍＷ／ｍ２）．这次热事件有利于油气的生成、运移及大气田的形成．另外，在２０－２３Ｍａ前，发生了一期显著的冷却事件． 相似文献
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采用中日合作，分别布设于东川垂直竖井中地下200ｍ、100ｍ 和地面３个位置的高精度数字化地震仪记录的地方震资料（震中距8.5～95ｋｍ，震级ML1.3～5.1），用频谱比的分析方法计算了东川地区不同深度（－100ｍ 和地面）的场地放大因子．在８个频率（f ＝0.75，1.0，1.5，2，3，4，5和12Ｈｚ）上所对应的在-100ｍ 处的3个分向（N-S，E-W，U-D）的场地放大因子（与-200ｍ 处相比），当0.75Ｈｚ f 2Ｈｚ时，为1.0～1.49；当2Ｈｚ＜ f ＜12Ｈｚ时，为0.47～0.99；在地面，3个分向在8个频率上所对应的场地放大因子（与-200ｍ 处相比）均大于1，其值为1.6～7.63．-100ｍ 处的Ｓ波和尾波场地放大因子与地面的Ｓ波和尾波的场地放大因子的相关系数，当0.75Ｈｚ f 2Ｈｚ频段时，分别为0.82和0.81；当2Ｈｚ＜ f＜12Ｈｚ频段时，分别为0.47和0.45． 相似文献
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应用二维时变可压缩磁流体动力学数值模拟,研究了双极－单极磁场中由于磁通量浮现驱动的磁场重联过程．结果表明,双极场与单极场间磁力线的重联形成上升的冷而密的等离子体团,磁场演变成鞭状结构．向上运动的等离子体团到达其最大高度后将回落和弥散.等离子体团最大上升速度达０．１４ＶＡ,等离子体最大上升速度达０．２７ＶＡ,ＶＡ为下边界处的Ａｌｆｖｅｎ速度．随着磁通量浮现幅度的增大,等离子体上升速度增加,重联过程发展得较快．背景等离子体β１值（β１为等离子体压力与磁压之比）越小,等离子体团中密度增量越大．磁Ｌｕｎｄｑｕｉｓｔ数Ｓ在１０３－１０６之间的改变对等离子体的速度和密度增量影响并不明显．与电阻撕裂模不稳定性引起的自发重联相比,磁通量浮现会更有效地驱动双极－单极场中的磁场重联过程,寻致日冕Ｈα冲浪和Ｘ射线喷流的形成． 相似文献
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为研究磁尾感应电场对上行离子的加速,对磁层亚暴期间尾向地磁场在向偶极位形弛豫过程中产生的感应电场进行了理论研究。结果表明：在偶极化过程中磁场的ＢＸ分量下降,ＢＺ分量上升,并产生随时间变化的单峰结构的感应电场,其峰值可超过２０ｍｖ／ｍ;当子午面内地心距离由６Ｒ,变化到１６ＲＥ时,感应电场峰值呈逐渐增大趋势;随着ｚ坐标的增大（远离赤道面）或Ｙ坐标的增大（远离子午面）,感应电场峰值呈逐渐减小趋势;感应电场峰值随磁场向偶极形弛豫周期的减小而增大．理论计算得到的感应电场随时间变化曲线及峰值与观测结果符合较好,本文还对上行离子在感应磁场中的加速进行了估算． 相似文献
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作为地震动物异常行为的蚕的定向排列以及断层的电磁模型──理论与实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在假定地震动物异常行为（ＳＡＡＢ）是对地震电信号（ＳＥＳ）的电生理反应的前提下,通过施加电场、实验再现了神户地震所报道的ＳＡＡＢ蚕及鱼的定向排列．由于垂直于电场时动物体内骨格肌的阻抗较平行时大,动物表现出沿垂直于电场方向排列的行为．基于偶极电荷±ｑ源于地震应力σ（ｔ）的变化,提出了一断层的电磁模型：ｄｑ／ｄｔ＝－α（ｄσ／ｄｔ）－ｑ／ερ,其中α是一表征电荷生成的常数,比如压电系数;ε为介电常数,ρ为花岗岩的电阻率．一长２ａ且位错或破裂时间为τ的断层,由于应力的变化将产生脉冲状的偶极电荷（面密度）：＋ｑ（ｔ,ｘ）和－ｑ（ｔ,ｘ＋２ａ）,或由地震矩Ｍ０而给出偶极矩Ｐ（ｔ）＝２ａＡｑ（ｔ）＝αＭ０［ερ／（τ－ερ）］（ｅ－ｔ／ｚ－ｅ－ｔ／ερ）．断层位错Ｄ、位错速率Ｄ′和应力降Δσ满足τ＝Ｄ／Ｄ′＝（Δσ／σ０）（ａ／β）．断层域的电场强度Ｆ及电流密度Ｊ可由Ｆ＝ｑ／ε及Ｊ＝Ｆ／ρ′得到．若ρ′为水的电阻率,则可得到Ｊ＝０．１～１Ａ／ｍ２,该值足以引起动物的异常行为．由Ｐ（ｔ）所产生的近场甚低频（ＵＬＦ）波可解释与距离Ｒ成反比的ＳＥＳ． 相似文献
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EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2008 MS8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN YINGXIU AREA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Strong earthquakes can not only trigger a large number of co-seismic landslides in mountainous areas, but also have an important impact on the development level of geological hazards in the disaster area. Usually, geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes will significantly increase and continue for a considerable period of time before they recover to the pre-earthquake level. Therefore, studying the evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquake is particularly important for the prevention of geological disaster. In this paper, a 66km2 region in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, which was strongly disturbed by the earthquake, was investigated. Firstly, one high-resolution satellite image before the earthquake(April, 2005) and five high-resolution satellite images after the earthquake(June, 2008; April, 2011; April, 2013; May, 2015; May, 2017)were used to interpret and catalog multi-temporal landslide inventories. Secondly, seven primary factors were analyzed in the GIS platform, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, stratum, lithology, and the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Finally, the evolution of the landslide triggered by earthquake in this region was analyzed by comparing the landslide activity intensity in different periods, using the methods of correlation analysis, regression analysis, and single-factor statistical analysis. It was found that the total area of landslides in the study region decreased sharply from 2008 to 2017, with the area of the co-seismic landslide reducing from 21.41km2 to 1.33km2. This indicates that the magnitude of the landslides has recovered or is close to the pre-earthquake level. Moreover, correlation analysis shows that the elevation has a strong positive correlation with the distance from the nearest water system, and a weak positive correlation with the area. Meanwhile, there is a weak negative correlation between the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Overall, the degree of landslide activity in the study region decreased over time, as well as the number of reactivated landslides and new landslides. The region where the area of earthquake triggered landslides decreased mainly concentrated at an elevation of 1 000m to 2 100m, a slope of 30° to 55°, an aspect of 40° to 180°, and a curvature of -2 to 2. In addition, the lithology of the Pengguan complex in the Yingxiu study region is more conducive to the occurrence of landslides, while the sedimentary rock is more conducive to the landslide recovery. When the distance from the nearest water system is more than 1 600m, the effect of the water system on the landslides gradually decreases. Also, the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in this area have the characteristics of the hanging wall effect, which means, the number of landslides in the northwestern region is much higher than that in the southeast side. 相似文献
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利用国内大型风沙物理风洞实验模拟沙尘暴电现象,研究风沙起电机理,结果表 明,不同风速下不同沙粒会产生不同极性的电场强度和电位效应,风沙电随风速增大而增强 ,且随沙粒度增大而减小. 在沙漠区的16m,8m,4m和1m高度上观测到27次不同沙尘暴天气 过程的电场和风速随时间变化. 结果表明, 在晴天4个高度上的电场均为小正电场值,电场 随高度降低而减小,最大电场强度在5kV/m以下,日风速变化对各层电场起伏没有较大影响 . 有沙尘天气,各高度上的电场强度随风速变化而变化. 16m高度上电场均为负值,平均值 为 -20kV/m;中层8m 电场一般为较高正电场值,达到10～40kV/m,与16m高度上电场呈反相 关;下层1m 电场值变化一般很小,在1kV/m以下. 在强沙尘暴天气4个高度上的电场均为负 电值,电场值随高度降低而减小,16m高度上最大平均电场强度达到-200kV/m以上,瞬时值 超过 -2500kV/m,与晴天电场矢量相反. 相似文献
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GAO Yitang Engineer Soil Water Conservation Bureau Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou P.R.China. QI Pu Senior Engineer Institute of Hydraulic Research Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou P. R. China 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
Debrisflow,definedasakindofhighlycondensedtit!o-phaseflowofsolidandfluid,iscomposedofslurryandrocksofdifferentsizeswithageneraldensity'ofI.2to2.3t/m3.Theactivityliesbetweenfloodandlandslide.Itflowslikenormalfloodandsholvsturbulentstateaswithlesssolidcontentsandlowerviscosity,itisplasticviscousflowwithunstablegUstmovementwhellitisofhighsolidcontainsandhighviscosity.Debrisflowisformedunderthreebasicconditionsfprecipitousslopeoflandform,solidwasteoflargevolume,andenoughwatersupply.Theoccurrence,… 相似文献
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目的:探讨影响人工智能检测肺结节效能的因素,力求为不同性质的结节提供个性化的扫描剂量及人工智能系统,同时为各人工智能系统适宜的扫描条件提供参考。方法:标准成人男子胸部X线/CT影像模型,内部随机分布15个不同密度和大小的模拟肺结节,采用不同的管电压和管电流对模型进行扫描,共扫描50次。应用不同公司的人工智能系统进行肺结节检测,采用Pearson χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较各组检出率和假阴性率;采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较假阳性率。结果:①不同管电压条件下,公司A和公司C对不同性质肺结节的检出率无统计学差异;公司B对+100HU结节的检出率,70kV（100%）组高于120kV（80%）和140kV（80%）组;公司B对3mm结节的检出率,70kV组（33.33%）高于120kV（0%）和140kV（0%）组,差异有统计学意义。②各管电压组内不同管电流间及各管电压组间,检出率、假阴性率的差异无统计学意义。各管电压组间假阳性率的差异具有统计学意义。③公司A在70kV组检出率（64.44%）低于公司B（80.00%）、假阴性率（35.56%）高于公司B（20.00%）;公司A的假阳性率高于公司B和公司C;公司B和公司C间检出率、假阴性率、假阳性率无统计学差异。结论:人工智能辅助肺结节检测的灵敏度与CT扫描剂量无关,与结节性质及AI系统性能有关。本研究中公司B和公司C整体性能高于公司A,最佳扫描管电压分别是70kV、70kV和100kV。 相似文献
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Possible correlation between variations of the intensity of lightnings, which are estimated from the flux of thunderstorm-generated
VLF-signals, and variations of the solar wind parameters has been investigated. The signals representing the intensity of
local thunderstorms in summer and winter are received in Yakutsk (the Eastern Siberia) and in the African World Thunderstorm
Center, respectively. The highest correlation coefficient has been obtained between the thunderstorm activity and variations
of the solar-wind particle density. This correlation has a season-dependent sign-alternating character. The maximum positive
and negative correlation coefficients are observed in August–September and February, respectively; i.e., the manifestation
of solar wind density variations in the thunderstorm activity is maximal in the near-equinoctial periods. This may be associated
with the peculiarities of the transfer of the magnetospheric electric field “from morning to evening,” which is induced by
the solar-wind particle flux, to ionospheric heights. 相似文献
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Landslide erosion is a dominant hillslope process and the main source of stream sediment in tropical, tectonically active mountain belts. In this study, we quantified landslide erosion triggered by 24 rainfall events from 2001 to 2009 in three mountainous watersheds in Taiwan and investigated relationships between landslide erosion and rainfall variables. The results show positive power‐law relations between landslide erosion and rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall, with scaling exponents ranging from 2·94 to 5·03. Additionally, landslide erosion caused by Typhoon Morakot is of comparable magnitude to landslide erosion caused by the Chi‐Chi Earthquake (MW = 7·6) or 22–24 years of basin‐averaged erosion. Comparison of the three watersheds indicates that deeper landslides that mobilize soil and bedrock are triggered by long‐duration rainfall, whereas shallow landslides are triggered by short‐duration rainfall. These results suggest that rainfall intensity and watershed characteristics are important controls on rainfall‐triggered landslide erosion and that severe typhoons, like high‐magnitude earthquakes, can generate high rates of landslide erosion in Taiwan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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在地球及其电离层的静电理论的范畴内,能简单地解释一切跟地震有关的电气现象。电离层由于电子的康普顿散射通常是正电的,地球深部由于电子静电泵离电离层也是正电性的。这些电于形成约1800安的规则连续电流,而正离子必然是突发式流动而形成雷电、火山喷发以及某些类型的地震。地震的主要成因显然是构造应力的释放,但是地震目录中的某些地震可能是被静电爆发作用所触发的。这种地震具备下列两个必要条件:位于深处的正离子能贯穿高电阻的上地幔;在电离层中存在吸引正离子的局部负电异常。大气层电场和“地震—大地电流”的同步联测可能是预报地震的时间和地点的两单而又准确的方法。 相似文献
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