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1.
为构建1985~1986年长江口生态系统的Ecopath模型, 作者根据1985~1986年全年12个航次长江口及邻近海域综合调查数据, 分析此历史时期长江口及邻近海域生态系统的能流结构, 并对生态系统总体特征进行了综合评估。1985~1986年长江口水域生态系统包括16个功能群, 各功能群的营养级在1~4.52, 中上层游泳生物食性鱼类占据最高营养级。各功能群间关系主要由3种途径导致: 控制类型、生态位重叠和营养级联。营养级聚合分析表明, 1985~1986年长江口生态系统能流中牧食食物链占据主导地位, 直接来自初级生产者的占比57%。此历史时期长江口生态系统各营养级平均转化效率为12.4%, 其中来自碎屑的能流转换效率为12.9%, 来自初级生产者的转换效率为12%。生态系统总体特征分析显示, 该历史时期连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.471和0.103, 长江口及邻近海域循环指数和平均路径长度分别为9.35%和2.778, 总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.724。  相似文献   

2.
根据2021年渔业资源调查数据构建了含有23个功能组的舟山海域生态系统Ecopath模型,分析了当前舟山海域生态系统总体特征并估算了褐菖鲉在舟山海域的生态容量。结果表明:舟山海域生态系统营养级范围为1.000 (浮游植物和有机碎屑)~4.277 ( 鳐类),石首鱼科、虾类和 鳐类为舟山海域生态系统中的关键种。碎屑食物链和牧食食物链是舟山海域生态系统主要的食物链。碎屑和浮游植物对食物网的贡献率分别为61.32%和38.69%。始于浮游植物和碎屑的营养传递效率分别是9.34%和10.50%,系统总营养传递效率是9.82%。总初级生产量/总呼吸量为2.26,系统连接指数为0.372,系统杂食性指数为0.222。生态系统总体特征反映了舟山海域生态系统的成熟状态较低,生态系统处于不稳定阶段,容易受到外界环境变化的影响。根据模型估算,当褐菖鲉生物量增加至8.6倍时,褐菖鲉达到生态容量0.007 95 t/km2,此时生态系统仍保持平衡,且生态系统总体特征基本稳定。因此,褐菖鲉在舟山海域尚有较大增殖潜力。  相似文献   

3.
本研究根据2020年11月,2021年1月、4月及8月在崇明岛周边海域的渔业调查数据,使用开源程序Rpath构建了包括22个功能群的物质平衡模型,对该海域生态系统结构和特征进行研究。结果表明:崇明岛周边海域生态系统各功能群营养级范围为1~4.32。小型底栖生物的生态转换效率最低(0.01),说明其到高营养级的能量转换存在瓶颈,是影响该海域底层食物链营养传递效率的关键节点。生态系统总体特征分析表明,该生态系统总规模为2 909.42 t/(km2·a),低于附近海域生态系统规模。浮游植物对生态系统总初级生产力的贡献为60%,是该生态系统的主要营养来源。生态系统总初级生产量/总呼吸量为1.99、系统杂食性指数为0.18,表明生态系统成熟度较低,食物网简单,受干扰后恢复能力较差。模型敏感性分析表明,功能群生物量是影响模型输出准确程度的主要指标。本研究结果可以为该海域生态系统水平的禁捕效果评估工作提供基准参考。  相似文献   

4.
本研究根据2006—2007年在北部湾北部(107?51′04″~109o56′07″E;19?44′12″~21?27′46″N)我国领海一侧海域进行的4个季度的生物调查数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim模型构建起北部湾北部生态系统食物网结构,并对该海域生态系统中的关键种进行了探索性筛选。研究结果表明北部湾北部生态系统的有效营养级范围在1.00~4.03之间,其中营养级最高的是软骨鱼类。以碎屑、浮游植物及细菌为起点,整个生态系统包括三条食物链。各功能组之间的混合营养效应值范围在–1.09到0.54之间,其中61.60%的功能组彼此间存在竞争关系,反映出北部湾北部生态系统中生物类群间存在较为复杂的竞争关系,除碎屑外各功能组自身内部存在捕食和生存空间的竞争压力。北部湾北部浮游动物中的关键物种是肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata),并且其也为整个生态系统中的关键种;鱼类中的关键种为二长棘鲷(Paerargyrops edita),其关键度指数排在整个生态系统的第4位;另外浮游植物在整个生态系统中也具有很高的关键度,其关键度排在整个生态系统中的第三位。本研究对该海域关键种的筛选对北部湾北部海域的营养动力学研究和渔业生产活动具有一定的理论研究和实践意义。  相似文献   

5.
长江口区初级生产力的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
许多研究表明,河口海区具有其独特的生态特征。径流携带大量陆源物质入海,丰富了海域中的营养盐类资源,促进了海洋生物的生长繁殖。长江年径流量约为9.25×1011m3,其径流量随季节而变化,造成了长江口水环境的复杂性,从而对生物的组成、现存量和生产力等都产生明显影响。浮游植物是食物链中的初级生产者,其生产力直接或间接地影响水域中其他生物的生产力。关于长江口的初级生产力迄今尚未见报道。为此,于1985年8月至1986年10月对长江口海域进行了逐月调查,根据各月的叶绿素含量和在各特征海区中实测的光合作用碳同化数估算出初级生产力,并结合同时调查所取得的各项环境因子的动态,进行综合分析,旨在了解本海域的生物生产潜力,为合理利用长江口及其附近海域的海洋生物资源提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
构建了包括20个功能组的西南黄海生态通道模型(Ecopath Model)。分析结果表明:各功能组营养级的范围在1. 000~4. 509之间,鸟类、鱼类、头足类等主要高营养级生物的营养级范围为3. 417~4. 509。该生态系统的能量流动主要发生在食物网的低营养级部分,在7个系统整合营养级间,能量传递效率沿食物链逐级降低,各营养级生物的消耗量和产出量也急剧减少。从第I营养级到高营养级间的逐级转换效率分别为11. 33%、13. 16%、15. 50%、14. 67%、13. 61%和15. 68%,系统平均转化效率为13. 22%;来源于碎屑的能量转化效率为13. 35%,来自初级生产者的转化效率为13. 14%。在总能流中,直接来自碎屑的占43%,来自初级生产者的占57%,说明系统的能流通道以牧食食物链为主导。混合营养评价显示,系统生产者碎屑与浮游植物对其他多数功能群有积极影响,蟹类、鲽形目、水母、大型底栖和浮游生物中同类竞争的消极影响尤为明显。西南黄海生态系统总初级生产力与总呼吸量比值为2. 541,Finn’s循环指数和Finn’s循环路径长度分别为3. 983、2. 444。通过模型输出的系统生态参数分析,当前西南黄海生态系统仍处于不成熟的、不稳定的阶段。  相似文献   

7.
采用EwE模型软件,构建了一个具有14个生物功能组的草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统EwE模型,对草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统的结构和功能进行综合量化分析。研究表明,草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统主要由3个营养级构成。从营养物质流量看,营养级Ⅰ流量最大,占系统总流量(TST)的56.90%;营养级Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的流量随营养级的增加而递减,分别占总流量的34.45%、8.20%、0.44%和0.003%。食物网和营养级之间营养流动分析表明,系统营养流通的主要途径为从浮游植物开始的牧食链、从碎屑开始的腐食链和从饲料开始的饲料链。从生态营养学效率(EE值)看,除螺类的EE值为零外,大部分功能组的EE值都较高,表明系统中大部分功能组都得到了较好的利用。碎屑在草鱼、鲢和鲤混养生态系统中具有十分重要的作用,其主要来源是细菌、原生动物和浮游植物,且碎屑的EE值较高(水中为0.903,底泥为0.551),表明大部分碎屑重新进入食物链循环,碎屑得到了再利用。研究结果表明,草鱼、鲢和鲤混养的模式可以进一步优化,建议增加放养鱼类的密度,同时引进一些其他鱼类(如青鱼和鳙鱼),以提高系统的综合效益。  相似文献   

8.
长江口鱼类食物网与营养结构的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
鱼类食物网是海洋生态系统中物质循环与能量流动的重要途径,营养结构则是表明能量流动过程中不同消费者的营养水平以及消费者之间的营养关系,二者对研究海洋生态系统中鱼类捕食与被捕食、种间竞争、种群调节以及数量变动等都具有重要意义。但国内、外关于长江口鱼类食物网及营养结构的研究尚未见详细报道。 为探讨三峡工程对河口生态系统的影响,中国科学院海洋研究所于1985年9月至1986年8月对长江口及邻近海域进行了周年综合性本底调查,并对长江口鱼类食物类型作了简单的描述(刘瑞玉、罗秉征等,1987),本文根据以上资料对长江口60种主要鱼类的食物组成、摄食生态类型、食物网与营养结构进行了分析,以期为研究长江口生态系统的功能、生物生产过程以及合理开发利用长江口渔业资源提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
近几十年来,在气候变化和人类活动的影响下,我国近岸河口海域尤其是长江口及邻近海域生态灾害频繁发生,严重影响了海洋生态系统的健康及其服务功能。本研究基于政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC)气候变化风险理论框架,构建了河口浮游植物生态系统的气候变化综合风险评估指标体系,并利用IPCC 第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)地球系统模式数据,分别计算分析了在温室气体低(RCP 2.6)、中等(RCP 4.5)和高(RCP 8.5)浓度排放情景下未来不同时期(2030—2039、2050—2059、2090—2099年)长江口及邻近海域浮游植物生态的致灾因子危害性、承灾体暴露度和脆弱性及其综合风险。结果表明: RCP 2.6、4.5和8.5情景下,到21世纪中期,致灾因子危害性均有明显上升,其中RCP 4.5和8.5情景下,到21世纪末,还将大幅度增加,且以RCP 8.5情景最为显著,而RCP 2.6情景下则相反,有所下降;RCP 2.6情景下,高暴露度区域主要位于长江口附近,不同年代的变化差异较小;RCP 4.5和8.5情景下高暴露度区域明显大于RCP 2.6情景,尤其是后者到21世纪末期扩大至长江口邻近海域;脆弱性总体呈现近岸高远岸低的分布特征,且变化均较小;RCP 2.6、4.5和8.5情景下,综合风险均呈现近岸高远岸低,且有增加的趋势,但以RCP 8.5情景最为明显,并在21世纪末达到最大。  相似文献   

10.
2004年长江口浮游植物群落结构特征分析   总被引:20,自引:3,他引:17  
根据2004年2月、5月、8月、11月长江口生态环境调查资料,分析了长江口及邻近海域浮游植物群落结构的时空变化特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,2004年,共鉴定浮游植物153种,其中硅藻类111种,甲藻类42种。与20世纪80年代同期相比,春季硅藻种类数目显著增加,夏季减少,秋冬两季变化不大,甲藻种类数目在春、夏、秋季均有明显增加。2004年浮游植物种类以温带近岸性种类为主,暖水性和广布性种类和丰度增加;除冬季以外,中肋骨条藻在长江河口及邻近海域仍处于绝对优势。受长江巨大径流影响,2004年浮游植物丰度季节变化是单周期型,高峰期出现在春季,与以往调查结果不同。通过CCA梯度分析,将长江口浮游植物分为六大类群,不同浮游植物类群对环境因子的响应机制不同。2004年影响长江口浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因素为温度、盐度、透明度、溶解氧、总磷、pH、氨氮和磷酸盐(P〈0.01);与80年代相比,长江口生态与环境发生了显著改变:硅酸盐、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐增加1倍余,氨氮和溶解氧含量降低,冬季、春季和秋季的水温显著上升。环境因子的改变直接影响长江口浮游植物的群落结构,各季节要引起长江口浮游植物群落结构变异的驱动因素不同。  相似文献   

11.
基于2018年海州湾及邻近海域的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.5 (EwE)软件构建由26个功能群组成的海州湾及邻近海域生态系统Ecopath模型,对现阶段该生态系统的营养结构、营养相互关系和系统总特征等进行分析,旨在为实施基于生态系统的渔业管理提供理论依据。结果表明:海州湾及邻近海域生态系统各功能群的营养级范围为1.00~4.19,其中鱼类营养级范围较广,为3.22~4.19;浮游动物和其他软体动物受初级生产者和捕食者的双重作用,处于重要的营养位置;生态系统总体特征分析显示,该生态系统的总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值为7.096,总初级生产量与总生物量的比值为56.866,系统的连接指数和系统杂食指数分别为0.429和0.204,说明该生态系统目前处于不成熟、不稳定的状态,容易受外界扰动的影响。本文通过对海州湾及邻近海域生态系统模型进行研究,解析了该海域营养结构和系统发育状况,将为海州湾渔业资源的可持续利用和科学管理提供理论依据。  相似文献   

12.
为了解大亚湾西南海域食物网的营养结构特征, 本研究于2020年1月份使用底拖网采集了该海域的渔业生物, 并分析了35种主要渔业生物的碳氮稳定同位素值。根据δ13C和δ15N值, 计算出该海域食物网6种营养结构的生态指标和主要渔业生物的营养级, 并绘制了连续营养谱。本次调查渔业生物主要为鱼类和虾蟹类, 鱼类的δ13C和δ15N值范围分别为-17.63‰ ~ -14.85‰和12.92‰~15.46‰, 平均值分别为-16.47‰和13.80‰; 虾蟹类的δ13C和δ15N值范围分别为-17.67‰ ~ -15.51‰和11.05‰~12.62‰, 平均值分别为-16.30‰和11.85‰。根据δ15N值, 用相加模型(trophic position by the additive model, TPA)和缩比模型(trophic position by the scaled model, TPS)分别计算了主要渔业生物的营养级, 结果显示两个模型计算的结果无显著性差异(P>0.1), 呈现鱼类平均营养级>虾蟹类的趋势。本研究发现大亚湾西南海域食物网初始食物来源较为单一, 存在食物链营养层级较少和长度不足, 食物网营养级多样性较低和营养结构冗余程度高的现象。与30多年前相比, 大亚湾近年高营养级生物量减少, 食物网结构由复杂趋向简单化, 生态系统稳定性较差。本研究结果不仅为了解大亚湾食物网结构组成提供了基础资料, 也为保护大亚湾渔业资源, 维持生态系统结构的稳定性提供参考依据。  相似文献   

13.
The worldwide increase in commercial fisheries and its impact on ecosystems as well as inefficient fishery management have led to overfishing and frequent breakdown of traditional fish stocks.In this context,an analysis of Khuzestan inshore fisheries data covering the years 2002–2011,was conducted in reliance on testing for occurrence of the fishing down marine food webs(FDMFW) phenomenon in the North of Persian Gulf Large Marine Ecosystem(LME).In this study,the mean trophic level(m TL) and the fishing-in-balance(FIB)-index of Khuzestan landings during this period of time were estimated using the trophic level of 47 fishery resources.Increase in total landings(Y) was observed,which explained the high fishing yield in major fishery resources(especially demersal).Moreover,the moderates decreasing trend in m TL per decade,and the increasing trend in FIB-index were observed.The status of fishery resources in Khuzestan inshore waters(under exploited but not overexploited),the rise in Y,FIB and slightly drop in m TL can be considered as indirect indicators of the fishing impacts on the trophic structure of marine communities.Based on this result,probability occurrence of FDMFW process in Khuzestan inshore waters is low to some extent.However,we suggest that the goal of management programs in Khuzestan inshore waters should prevent the continuance of this trend in the long-term using an ecosystem-based approach.  相似文献   

14.
根据长山群岛 1965-2016 年渔业统计资料,分析长山群岛海域主要捕捞渔获物产量、平均营养级 (Mean trophic level, MTL)、渔业均衡指数 (Fishing in balance index,FiB) 年际变化,探讨其海洋渔业资源利用状况,并利用小波分析方法研究52年来渔获物 MTL 周期变化特征。研究表明: (1) 长山群岛捕捞产量、MTL 和 FiB 指数呈阶段性变化; (2) 长山群岛渔业资源开发经历初期开发、扩张捕捞、过度捕捞、资源破坏等四个阶段,渔业资源环境正在逐渐恶化;(3) 受人类捕捞活动影响,MTL 在 15~19 年和 24~34 年两种时间尺度下呈周期波动,30 年为第一主周期,17 年为第二主周期。长山群岛渔业资源破坏日益严重,未来几年平均营养级将呈下降趋势。为防止渔业资源进一步衰退,应加强捕捞活动管理力度,落实海洋渔业资源保护制度;完善预警机制,构建海洋渔业资源监测系统;同时应积极调整长山群岛渔业产业结构,提高资源产出效率.  相似文献   

15.
为改善热带珊瑚岛礁型海洋牧场的珊瑚礁生境,实现生物资源的养护和渔业资源的产出功能,在对海参等高值经济种开展底播增殖前,科学评估其生态容量是防止引发海洋牧场生态风险的重要保证。运用生态系统模型法评估了三亚蜈支洲岛热带珊瑚岛礁海洋牧场花刺参(Stichopus monotuberculatus)的底播增殖容量。根据2020~2021年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场近岛区渔业资源调查与环境因子数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6软件构建了该海域的生态系统营养通道模型。研究表明:生态系统各功能组营养级范围介于1~3.52,系统的食物网结构以牧食食物链为主,总能流中有43%的能量来源于碎屑功能组,其在系统总能流中有重要地位。系统的总平均能量传递效率为9.353%,略低于林德曼能量传递效率(10%)。总初级生产量/总呼吸量为3.726,总初级生产量/总生物量为28.834,系统连接指数为0.256,杂食性指数为0.120,系统Finn''s循环指数和平均路径长度分别为2.485%和2.379,表明近岛区生态系统食物网结构较为简单,且系统稳定性和成熟度偏低,易受外界干扰。根据模型评估的花刺参增殖生态容量为110.21 t/km2,是现存量的206 倍,有较大增殖空间,并且达到生态容量后碎屑组的能量再循环利用效率将显著增加,营养级结构能得到进一步优化,系统稳定性及成熟度将有所提高。基于研究结果,可适当采捕与花刺参生态位相近的生物,同时增殖放流其他处于不同营养层次的经济种,从而减少种间竞争,有效利用系统冗余能量,进而扩大花刺参的生态容量,实现海洋牧场的健康可持续发展。  相似文献   

16.
Using ecosystem models (Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace), we assessed the structure and function of the Tongyeong marine ranching ecosystem and compared changes in various ecosystem components before and after marine ranching activities. An ecosystem structure model, Ecopath, was used to estimate the changes in biomass and trophic level of major species or groups, the relative contribution of target species or groups to the total flow of energy (throughput), and niche overlaps and impacts of competition between major species or groups. It showed that the Tongyeong ecosystem had 4 trophic levels. A large amount of energy flows occurred at trophic levels 3 and 4, and jacopever rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) and black rockfish (S. inermis) that were target species for stock enhancement belonged to trophic level 3, indicating that those two species played an important role in the ecosystem. Using an ecosystem dynamic model, Ecosim, the mechanism of dynamic changes in the quantity of target species or groups was investigated to identify the effects of stock enhancement activities and impacts of fishing intensity. After marine ranching activities, the biomass of two target species had increased, while those of most other fish groups decreased. Assuming that fishing mortality was double the current level, the biomass of most fish groups decreased but jacopever rockfish maintained its current stock level due to excessive stock enhancement and low fishing mortality in recent years. An ecosystem space model, Ecospace, was employed to simulate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the biomass of organisms in order to examine how resource enhancement activities have changed the distribution and abundance of target species or groups in the ecosystem. The distribution pattern of jacopever rockfish and black rockfish showed stronger aggregations around reefs and rocky areas with high stock densities after ranching. However, most of the other fish groups exhibited lower densities in the marine ranching area, while they showed higher densities outside the marine ranching area. Thus, it would be necessary to take appropriate holistic management actions based on the ecosystem-based approach to keep the ranching ecosystem healthy and to maintain the fishery production of the ecosystem at the maximum sustainable level.  相似文献   

17.
The Huizache–Caimanero coastal lagoon complex on the Pacific coast of Mexico supports an important shrimp fishery and is one of the most productive systems in catch per unit area of this resource. Four other less important fish groups are also exploited. In this study, we integrated the available information of the system into a mass-balance trophic model to describe the ecosystem structure and flows of energy using the E approach. The model includes 26 functional groups consisting of 15 fish groups, seven invertebrate groups, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and a detritus group. The resulting model was consistent as indicated by the output parameters. According to the overall pedigree index (0.75), which measures the quality of the input data on a scale from 0 to 1, it is a high quality model. Results indicate that zooplankton, microcrustaceans, and polychaetes are the principal link between trophic level (TL) one (primary producers and detritus) and consumers of higher TLs. Most production from macrophytes flows to detritus, and phytoplankton production is incorporated into the food web by zooplankton. Half of the flow from TL one to the next level come from detritus, which is an important energy source not only for several groups in the ecosystem but also for fisheries, as shown by mixed trophic impacts. The Huizache–Caimanero complex has the typical structure of tropical coastal lagoons and estuaries. The TL of consumers ranges from 2.0 to 3.6 because most groups are composed of juveniles, which use the lagoons as a nursery or protection area. Most energy flows were found in the lower part of the trophic web.  相似文献   

18.
A quantitative model of the trophic network of Northern Adriatic Sea marine ecosystem during the 1990s has been constructed, with the goal of analysing its trophic structure, identifying the key trophic groups and assessing the anthropogenic impacts on the ecosystem using the Ecopath modelling protocol. The Northern Adriatic Sea is an eutrophic, shallow basin, and one of the most heavily fished areas in the Mediterranean Sea. The network aggregation into discrete trophic levels sensu Lindeman shows that low trophic levels dominate biomass and energy flows, with 40% of the total system throughput flowing out from trophic level 2. Instead, upper trophic levels appear bottom-up controlled, highly depleted and not exerting any control on the trophic network, as shown by mixed trophic impact-based analyses. Microbial loop is comparable to grazing with respect to the magnitude of flows involved, as 66% of the trophic network flows originate from detritus, which is mainly consumed by bacteria. Key trophic groups are plankton groups, macro-crustaceans and detritus, and other r-selected organisms like squids and small pelagics, which have a great influence on the ecosystem. In particular, zooplankton acts as a bottleneck for energy flows, limiting the energy from the low trophic levels effectively reaching the upper food web. The high pelagic production caused by eutrophication sustains high fishery landings and impressive discard quantities, as well as the benthic compartment. Overall, the ecosystem appears quite productive and in a stressed and developmental status. Model results and comparisons with few existing historical data suggest that the low maturity and stressed state of the Northern Adriatic Sea are not only due to natural characteristics, but mainly to anthropogenic pressures.  相似文献   

19.
The El Niño of 1997–98 was one of the strongest warming events of the past century; among many other effects, it impacted phytoplankton along the Peruvian coast by changing species composition and reducing biomass. While responses of the main fish resources to this natural perturbation are relatively well known, understanding the ecosystem response as a whole requires an ecotrophic multispecies approach. In this work, we construct trophic models of the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem (NHCE) and compare the La Niña (LN) years in 1995–96 with the El Niño (EN) years in 1997–98. The model area extends from 4°S–16°S and to 60 nm from the coast. The model consists of 32 functional groups of organisms and differs from previous trophic models of the Peruvian system through: (i) division of plankton into size classes to account for EN-associated changes and feeding preferences of small pelagic fish, (ii) increased division of demersal groups and separation of life history stages of hake, (iii) inclusion of mesopelagic fish, and (iv) incorporation of the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas), which became abundant following EN. Results show that EN reduced the size and organization of energy flows of the NHCE, but the overall functioning (proportion of energy flows used for respiration, consumption by predators, detritus and export) of the ecosystem was maintained. The reduction of diatom biomass during EN forced omnivorous planktivorous fish to switch to a more zooplankton-dominated diet, raising their trophic level. Consequently, in the EN model the trophic level increased for several predatory groups (mackerel, other large pelagics, sea birds, pinnipeds) and for fishery catch. A high modeled biomass of macrozooplankton was needed to balance the consumption by planktivores, especially during EN condition when observed diatoms biomass diminished dramatically. Despite overall lower planktivorous fish catches, the higher primary production required-to-catch ratio implied a stronger ecological impact of the fishery and stresses the need for precautionary management of fisheries during and after EN. During EN energetic indicators such as the lower primary production/total biomass ratio suggest a more energetically efficient ecosystem, while reduced network indicators such as the cycling index and relative ascendency indicate of a less organized state of the ecosystem. Compared to previous trophic models of the NHCE we observed: (i) a shrinking of ecosystem size in term of energy flows, (ii) slight changes in overall functioning (proportion of energy flows used for respiration, consumption by predators and detritus), and (iii) the use of alternate pathways leading to a higher ecological impact of the fishery for planktivorous fish.  相似文献   

20.
基于长序列潮位资料,采用调和分析和MK检验方法分析了澳门水域及附近海域历史潮波特性,并建立大范围二维潮流数学模型,以珠澳人工岛及澳门新城A区等大型工程为研究对象,研究人类活动影响下的澳门及附近海域水动力变化特征。研究表明,澳门站的年平均高、低潮位在2005—2008年间发生突变,与岸线变化强度的增大存在直接关系;随着澳门围填海强度逐渐减弱,浅水影响系数逐渐减小,涨落潮历时差逐渐减小;1986—2019年间澳门水域潮位变化幅度较小,十字门水道附近涨落潮历时比由1.16增加至1.19,澳门水域涨落潮不对称现象由上游向外海逐渐减小。围填海工程导致澳门水道潮量减小,涨落急流速普遍减小,澳门新城A区人工岛及珠澳口岸工程附近产生雍水现象,流速亦呈减小趋势;围填海工程使得澳门岸线由曲折变为平缓,使得澳门水域内余流略微减小。  相似文献   

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