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根据关于岩石电学的早期资料，介绍了阿尔奇公式的提出背景和当时身处学术界和测井界的研究者和工程师们围绕阿尔奇公式所展开的一系列研究和论战.回顾与分析证明：围绕阿尔奇公式所进行的早期论战在于地层因子F及指数m和n.具体的论战焦点有四个：（1）地层因子的表达式F=1/m是否合适；（2）m和n是否具有物理内涵；（3）m和n的值到底是常数还是变数；（4）m和n与岩石的内部结构是否有关.在经过近20年的研究和论争后，即在1960年左右发现指数m和n与岩石的结构、构造以及孔隙流体的饱和度和流体替换的历史有关.此外，还发现岩石的湿润性和超毛细管孔隙度对岩石的电阻率也有很大的影响.虽然阿尔奇公式影响深远而且在岩石物理学和石油测井的发展中具有划时代的意义和里程碑式的作用，但是没有考虑泥质、淡水、低孔隙、非均匀几何参数分布（孔隙度、曲折度）、非均匀饱和度分布、各向异性以及参数a和b对岩石电阻率的贡献和隐藏在这些参数和因素后面的物理机制.因此，在应用阿尔奇公式时必须注意有关的应用条件.此外，根据完全水饱和公式ρ0=FρW=aρW/m和部分水饱和公式ρt=Iρ0=bρ0S-nW来研究F、I、a、b以及m和n与岩石的内部结构、孔隙分布以及孔隙流体和岩石颗粒之间的物理及化学相互作用的关系具有反问题的特点.所以，围绕阿尔奇公式的研究和争论将有可能会伴随着时代的进步和科学技术的发展一直进行下去. 相似文献
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油水饱和泥质砂岩中流动电位的研究对于揭示含油储层震电勘探和动电测井的机理有着重要的意义.本文首先从岩石孔隙的微观结构出发,构造了描述水润湿条件下油水饱和泥质砂岩储层的毛管模型.在模型中依据油水流动遵守的Navier-Stokes方程和电化学传质动力学理论,建立了描述油水饱和泥质砂岩流动电位的数学方程,并数学模拟了岩石储渗参数对流动电位频散特性的影响规律.研究结果表明:储层孔隙内流体受到的粘滞力与惯性力控制着水相和油相的流动,从而决定了流动电位的频散特性.随着孔隙度的增大,油水两相各自的有效渗透率均增大;而含水饱和度的升高使得水相有效渗透率增大,油相有效渗透率减小.在水润湿条件下,流动电位耦合系数随含水饱和度升高而增大,随束缚水饱和度的升高而减小.另外,流动电位相对耦合系数也随含水饱和度的升高而增大,但无频散现象. 相似文献
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根据无限稀释溶液中物质的分子扩散系数,估算沉积物中污染物的扩散系数时,需确定地层因数与孔隙度的关系.本研究将Miller Soil Box应用于测定青岛近岸不同粒径砂质沉积物与孔隙水的电阻率,以确定沉积物的地层因数,并结合沉积物的孔隙度,通过曲线拟合建立地层因数与孔隙度的关系式.研究结果表明,运用Ullman和Aller给出的经验m值(当φ≤0.7时,m取2)计算近岸砂质沉积物中污染物的分子扩散系数,将会引起40%~50%的误差;近岸砂质沉积物地层因数与孔隙度的关系可以采用Archie公式表示,即F=φ-m,m=1.52;经验证分析,可取m=1.52代入Ds=D0.φm-1公式,计算浅水砂质沉积物中污染物的分子扩散系数. 相似文献
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把均匀流体概念引入Biot两相多孔介质动力理论中，用Biot的两相多孔介质模型模拟不完全饱和土层，给出SV波，P波从不完全饱和土层入射到弹性土层时，在土层交界面上反射，透射系数的表达式，结果表明与完全饱和相比，饱和度发生很小的变化就会对交界面上反射，透射系数产生很大的影响。今后应该重视饱和度变化对地震动力响应的影响。 相似文献
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研究地震波在含黏性流体孔隙介质中的传播特性,对于识别油气储层、刻画流体边界、判识油水界面等有重要作用.通常利用地震波在孔隙介质分界面上的反透射系数特征,来实现这些方面的研究.顶、底层孔隙介质之间存在含黏性流体孔隙介质夹层时,夹层内岩石骨架、孔隙因子、孔隙流体等参数会对反透射系数产生影响.本文推导出含夹层孔隙介质分界面上的反透射系数方程,针对方程建立不同孔隙度的含夹层孔隙介质模型;基于模型实现孔隙介质分界面上的反透射系数特征研究,分别分析不同夹层厚度、不同频率情况下,反透射系数随入射角的变化规律.研究表明,快慢纵波及横波的反透射系数都会受到孔隙夹层的影响,受影响程度主要取决于夹层厚度和地质背景等因素;慢纵波反射和透射系数数值极小,且后者随夹层厚度的增加而迅速衰减;频率通过反透射系数方程本身和地震波速度两个因素直接或间接的影响地震波反透射特征,其值的增加会引起快纵波和横波反透射系数不同程度的衰减. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2020,(4)
在岩石导电机理上,纯水层阿尔奇公式有两点必须改进.第一,岩石骨架不导电,岩石孔隙中的地层水导电,当孔隙度为零时,岩石的电导率为零,电阻率为无穷大.但在现在使用的双对数坐标系下,此坐标点(■=0,F=∞)无法实现.须将电阻率之比改为电导率之比,并采用普通坐标.第二,地层因素F是导体容量孔隙度■和导体几何性质——孔道迂曲度τ两个因素的函数.但是纯水层阿尔奇公式F仅为■一个因素的函数.测井无法获得τ的数值.但通过观察实验数据,τ和■存在内在关联,将τ与■融合,得到■的关系式.普遍消除了F～■关系曲线左、右斜率不同或低孔门限的"非阿尔奇"现象.将公式中的导电因子■扩展为(■S_w)~2,得到含油层阿尔奇公式:■.在油(气)成藏过程中湿性附着液首先被驱替,润湿性对原始油(气)藏不起作用.饱和度指数n值等于2. 相似文献
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岩石电性参数频散特性与润湿性之间存在着密切的关系,在油驱水、水驱油的岩石电性参频散特性的实验中,不同润湿性岩石,其复电阻率模值频散率Pρ和相位频散率Pφ随含水饱和度变化曲线的斜率k不同,亲油岩石的斜率k最大,中性润湿的岩石次之,亲水岩石的斜率k最小,其中油驱水相位频散率Pφ的斜率k与岩石润湿性的关系表现得最为明显.因此,可以利用油驱水相位频散率Pφ的斜率k定性的评价储层岩石的润湿性. 相似文献
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本文研究了纵波垂直入射情况下两种介质分界面处的纵波反射和透射系数的频散特性,分界面上下两侧分别为层状双孔页岩介质和层状双孔砂岩介质.当纵波沿垂直于分界面的方向传播至分界面处时,会在上层双孔介质中产生三类反射纵波,在下层双孔介质中产生三类透射纵波.基于层状双孔介质的特性,给出了分界面处的六个边界条件.根据层状双孔介质的波动方程,利用平面波分析得到了纵波的反射和透射系数.结果表明：当多孔介质中存在流体时,纵波的反射和透射系数与频率相关,即存在频散现象.波致流体流动是造成纵波反射和透射系数频散的主要原因.此外,结果还表明局部流体流动引起地震频带内反射和透射系数的频散,宏观Biot流引起超声频带内反射和透射系数的频散.本文同时对岩石参数对反射和透射系数频散曲线的影响进行了研究. 相似文献
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利用计算机建立具有不同骨架颗粒形状和不同孔隙度的孔隙介质模型,采用格子气自动机方法模拟孔隙介质在油水饱和度不同的情况下电的传输特性,揭示了流体饱和度与介质电阻率之间呈现非阿尔奇现象的本质原因. 本文发现饱和度指数是饱和度和孔隙度的函数,反映了孔隙介质导电路径的复杂程度随饱和度变化而变化的情况,而不是传统地认为饱和度指数是流体分布状态的反映. 并得到新的饱和度计算公式. 以某油田为例,将计算的饱和度结果与实际岩芯实验的结果作对比,说明新公式的有效性. 相似文献
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Song‐Bae Kim 《水文研究》2006,20(5):1177-1186
A mathematical model to describe bacterial transport in saturated porous media is presented. Reversible/irreversible attachment and growth/decay terms were incorporated into the transport model. Additionally, the changes of porosity and permeability due to bacterial deposition and/or growth were accounted for in the model. The predictive model was used to fit the column experimental data from the literature, and the fitting result showed a good match with the data. Based on the parameter values determined from the literature experimental data, numerical experiments were performed to examine bacterial sorption and/or growth during bacterial transport through saturated porous media. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the impact of key model parameters for bacterial transport on the permeability and porosity of porous media. The model results show that the permeability and porosity of porous media could be altered due to bacterial deposition and growth on the solid matrix. However, variation of permeability due to bacterial growth was trivial compared with natural permeability variation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于岩石物里学中临界孔隙度模型,建立一种简洁的均匀弹性流体饱和孔隙介质模型,进行地震波传播研究.首先定义了构建目标模型的基本力学模型:介绍了全孔隙度区间内基本力学模型和目标孔隙介质的含义,其中基本力学模型除了完全弹性固体模型S和完全弹性流体模型F还包括临界孔隙模型C.然后通过等效力学模型推出了目标力学模型介质本构关系的组分表达形式.文中分别通过直接求取弹性参数的表达形式和运用应力应变关系两种方法得到介质模型的本构关系,进而得到该模型波动方程的组分表达形式.最后对这种介质模型进行了地震波传播的数值模拟,结合模拟结果分析孔隙对地震波传播的影响. 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2002,25(5):565-576
In the dispersion theory, a linear relationship has been verified between the coefficient of hydrodynamic dispersion and water velocity, both in saturated and in unsaturated porous media. But for unsaturated soils the variability of flow directions and microscopic velocities can be larger than in saturated soils because of the lower degree of water saturation. This leads to an increased dispersion. Therefore, relationships between water content and relative water velocity fluctuations and water content together with the coefficient of dispersivity in unsaturated porous media respectively have been investigated systematically by displacement experiments in glass beads and coarse-textured sandy soil columns. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) of chloride showed that an increase of solute mixing with a decrease of water content was caused by an increase of flow velocity fluctuations for different pathways. In order to explain the observed tailing effect in unsaturated flow, two mathematical models were used to fit theoretically derived nonlinear functions of water content dependent dispersivities for both porous media. The close agreement between the observed and computed results suggests that the theoretical model of hydrodynamic dispersion can be extended to transport in unsaturated porous media, providing that BTCs of the effluent water are used to estimate representative dispersivity parameters of soils. 相似文献
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The relationship between aquifer hydraulic conductivity and aquifer resistivity, either measured on the ground surface by
vertical electrical sounding (VES) or from resistivity logs, or measured in core samples have been published for different
types of aquifers in different locations. Generally, these relationships are empirical and semi-empirical, and confined in
few locations. This relation has a positive correlation in some studies and negative in others. So far, there is no potentially
physical law controlling this relation, which is not completely understood. Electric current follows the path of least resistance,
as does water. Within and around pores, the model of conduction of electricity is ionic and thus the resistivity of the medium
is controlled more by porosity and water conductivity than by the resistivity of the rock matrix. Thus, at the pore level,
the electrical path is similar to the hydraulic path and the resistivity should reflect hydraulic conductivity. We tried in
this paper to study the effect of degree of groundwater saturation in the relation between hydraulic conductivity and bulk
resistivity via a simple numerical analysis of Archie’s second law and a simplified Kozeny-Carmen equation. The study reached
three characteristic non-linear relations between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity depending on the degree of saturation.
These relations are: (1) An inverse power relation in fully saturated aquifers and when porosity equals water saturation,
(2) An inverse polynomial relation in unsaturated aquifers, when water saturation is higher than 50%, higher than porosity,
and (3) A direct polynomial relation in poorly saturated aquifers, when water saturation is lower than 50%, lower than porosity.
These results are supported by some field scale relationships. 相似文献
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当代物理实验科学和计算机科学技术的巨大进步为岩石物理的理论和实验研究开辟了新的领域.在细胞自动机基础上发展起来的格子气自动机和格子玻尔滋曼方法就是这种技术进步的产物.本文讨论了格子气自动机的发展及其应用于研究多孔岩石微观孔隙结构对宏观导电特性影响的新方法. 我们开发的模拟多孔岩石导电特性的数值实验新方法，提供了一种可深入到从微观孔隙结构这个尺度上来考察具有复杂孔隙结构的，孔隙度小于10%的低孔、低渗岩石的宏观导电特性及其影响因素.研究表明:Archie 系数m,n并不是传统上的意义，研究各种不同条件下F-、I-Sw关系，结果显示非阿尔奇现象与孔隙介质中孔隙、骨架和流体的混合导电网络有关，得出新的饱和度计算公式.同时还研究了泥质含量和分布、电阻率各向异性对宏观导电特性的影响，提出适用于电阻率各向异性地层的F-、I-Sw的关系.本文最后探讨了应用格子气自动机和格子玻尔滋曼方法进行岩心渗流和核磁共振数值实验的新方法及其发展前景. 相似文献
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This paper reports experimental measurements performed to test the ability of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging to provide quantitative information about transport parameters in porous media such as the dispersivity α, the mixing front velocity u, and the retardation factor R(f) associated with the sorption or trapping of the tracers in the pore structure. The flow experiments are performed in a homogeneous porous column placed between two vertical set of electrodes. Ionic and dyed tracers are injected from the bottom of the porous media over its full width. Under such condition, the mixing front is homogeneous in the transverse direction and shows an S-shape variation in the flow direction. The transport parameters are inferred from the variation of the concentration curves and are compared with data obtained from video analysis of the dyed tracer front. The variations of the transport parameters obtained from an inversion performed by the Gauss-Newton method applied on smoothness-constrained least-squares are studied in detail. While u and R(f) show a relatively small dependence on the inversion procedure, α is strongly dependent on the choice of the inversion parameters. Comparison with the video observations allows for the optimization of the parameters; these parameters are found to be robust with respect to changes in the flow condition and conductivity contrast. 相似文献
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阿尔奇年代的储层孔隙结构简单,岩石孔隙可以被实验电解质完全充填,随着油气田勘探开发的逐步深入,对储层孔隙结构复杂程度的认识更加深入.发现岩石孔隙不仅有有效孔隙,也有无效孔隙.不仅有效孔隙导电,无效孔隙也导电,某些岩石骨架同样也导电.如何去除无效孔隙和其他各类岩石附加导电现象的影响,正确评价有效孔隙的贡献往往令人困惑.笔者发现：通过岩石电阻率计算地层因数只是在没有岩石附加导电环境下的特殊应用,在更为普适的条件下,地层因数实质是借助岩石电阻变化率反映孔隙连通性的重要参数.与物理学位移、速度的关系类似,电阻率和电阻变化率之间同样有着密切关系.这一观点的提出为在复杂孔隙结构条件下评价储层孔隙有效性提供了手段. 相似文献