共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
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西部大开发与水资源的合理利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水资源短缺已成为西部开发和当地社会经济可持续发展的制约因素.如何合理利用水资源、增加水资源的有效供给已成为当前亟待解决的问题.本文根据该区水资源的特点社会经济发展现状,在分析水资源短缺的原因、存在问题的基础上,提出了调整产业结构、发展高效节水产业,推广节水技术,加强水资源利用的综合管理,应用地球物理方法勘查地下水资源、采取工程措施增加大气降水等措施以缓解水资源短缺的现状. 相似文献
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目前北京市地下水资源已处在多年超量开采、地质环境质量不断下降的状况,建议：第四系地下水不宜扩大开采,应急水源地不应作为常规后备水源使用,北京市需依靠节水、扩大再生水利用、实施水资源联合调蓄等一系列措施解决北京市水资源问题,同时结合科学合理确定城市规模,调整经济产业结构等措施,启动涵养恢复地下水资源等工程,保证首都的供水安全。 相似文献
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格尔木河流域属干旱区,干旱的自然环境决定了水资源在促进社会经济发展和生态环境保护方面起着十分重要的作用,水资源既是社会经济发展必需的宝贵资源,也是维持绿洲生态环境的重要因素。因此,合理开发利用水资源,制定中、远期流域用水规划,调整农业种植结构,发展节水农业,加强水资源统一管理,提高工业水资源重复利用率,是格尔木河流域今后发展的主要方向。探索适合于流域水资源可持续开发利用模式,确保水资源长期可持续开发利用,对格尔木河流域的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益可持续发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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水是生命之源,它在人类经济活动、生态循环当中具有至关重要的作用。生态环境保护与水资源问题不仅是全球性的问题,同时也是我国经济发展、社会建设的关键问题。鉴于此,本研究主要基于生态环境保护的视角,提出几点水资源可持续发展与利用的建议,旨在希望通过本研究为我国生态环境保护贡献自己的绵薄之力。 相似文献
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Surface water deficiency zoning of China based on surface water deficit index (SWDI) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yaohuan Huang Jianhua Wang Dong Jiang Kang Zhou Xiangyi Ding Jingying Fu 《Water Resources》2014,41(4):372-378
China’s economic and social development is severely restricted by regional water deficiency, and the determination of water deficiency level in different regions is an important basis of water resource management. In this study, we zoned 32 provinces of China into five surface water deficiency levels based on surface water deficit index derived from the Chinese meteorological satellite FY-2C images. The result shows that China is facing serious water shortage crisis with only 15.44% of total area without water deficiency, which is located in the south and southeast coast. More than 60% of total area of China suffered from severe or extremely water deficiency, which are mainly distributed in western and northern regions. Jingjinji area (namely Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province), which is a special region with high amount of gross domestic product and relative abundant water resources, is suffering from severe water deficiency. It revealed that water resources were interacted with regional development and water management should consider local conditions. To Jingjinji area, water management should focus on adjustment of industrial structure, urban expansion control and scientific water resources allocation. In general, the surface water deficit index based water deficiency zoning will be of significant value to be applied in water resources management at regional scales. 相似文献
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Economic value of water and economic analysis of water use management in Gansu Province of China have attracted widespread public attention. With the socioeconomic development, research on water resources has become more important than before. In this study, we define “water productivity” as the changes of economic production outputs of sectoral activities in every cubic meter of water input, which is also the technical coefficient of water resource use in each sector. According to Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework, based on the Input–Output Table 2007 and water resources bulletin of Gansu Province, we introduced the water into the ORANI-G (A Generic Single-Country Computable General Equilibrium model) model through the nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function to analyze the changes of economic productions caused by water supply changes. We then examined water productivity in different sectors. Empirical results showed that current water productivity is underestimated. Agricultural water productivity is lower than that of the secondary and tertiary industries, even although agricultural water use is the largest part of water use in Gansu Province, and therefore improving agricultural water productivity can greatly mitigate the water shortage. Simulation results indicate that industrial transformation and development of water-saving industries will also mitigate water scarcity. Moreover, sensitivity analysis shows that the empirical results are robust under different scenarios. The results also show that higher constant elasticity of substitution rate (CES) between water and other production factors will contribute to sustainable development. 相似文献
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西部地下水资源勘查的综合地球物理问题-以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水勘查为例 总被引：1，自引：8，他引：1
西部地下水资源勘查不再是单纯的地理、地质和水文方面的问题。由于地下水的深赋存性质，决定了西部地下水的勘查与油气勘探一样，是深层的地球物理问题。地下水研究所涉及的基础地质问题、地层的含水性问题和水质问题是目前地下水水文地质研究的关键。这三个问题的有效解决，必须依靠勘探地球物理方法技术的有效运用和新方法、新技术的研究开发。本文在阐述地下水水文地质研究现状和面临问题的同时，就目前地球物理勘探技术的发展水平和在西部的发展状况，以鄂尔多斯盆地地下水勘查为例，提出了利用已有物探资料为地下水勘查服务的地球物理解决方案，从理论方法上证明其可行性，并提出了建立示范区研究的必要性，以期对目前正兴起的西部水资源研究提供参考。 相似文献
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我国突发公共事件应急管理宣传教育工作日益受到重视,但目前仍处于相对落后的水平,比如地震。主要表现为：应急管理的宣传教育流于宣传,教育基本空白;应急管理的宣传教育体系尚不完善、制度尚不健全;高质量的应急宣传教育门户网站尚未建立等。针对存在的这些问题,以浙江省为例,提出今后改进地震应急管理宣传教育工作的一些建议和对策。 相似文献
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地震及其链生灾害除造成人员伤亡和经济损失等直接影响外,还可造成水污染、土壤污染、大气污染等环境问题,也可造成土壤侵蚀、耕地退化、动物栖息地丧失、生物多样性退化等生态灾难。本文总结了近年来部分造成环境与生态影响的地震案例,讨论了相关学者对相应影响机制和机理的研究及减少影响的可能措施和面临的问题。随着我国经济社会的快速发展,科学开展地震及其链生灾害对环境与生态影响的研究、采取有效的震前设防和震后断链措施是切实防范重大风险、保持经济社会和环境可持续发展的重要考量。 相似文献
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Water is a critical natural resource upon which all social and economic activities and ecosystem functions depend. With a surprising social and economic development in the past decades, water has become an important constraint for China’s sustainable development, and a matter concerning economic security, ecological security and national security of the country. Understanding the changes of water resources is greatly helpful in analyzing the impacts of climatic change, formulating plans for utilization and protection of water resources, and making water resource decisions. Based on China’s national water resources assessment, the Mann-Kendall’s test, and Morlet wavelet, we analyzed the changing trends and periods of China’s renewable water resources during 1956–2010. The results as following: (1) There is no significant change trend of water resources on the countrywide scale during the period 1956–2010, the total water resources show a slight increasing trend, and the national annual average water resources during the period 1991–2010 increased by 1% relative to that of the period 1961–1990. (2) The changes of water resources in different level-I water resource regions vary significantly. Annual average water resources of the Haihe River and Yellow River regions in the northern China decreased 19% and 17% respectively in the past 20 years. Water resource increased in Southern and Northwestern rivers regions, particularly in the Northwest rivers region, with the increasing amplitude by nearly 10% in the past 20 years. (3) The inter-annual variation of national water resource became larger in the past 20 years, as compared with that of the period 1961–1990. The coefficients of water resource variation increased in Northwestern and Southwestern rivers regions, while the inter-annual variation tended to decrease in the Haihe and the Yellow River regions where significant decline of water resources happened. (4) A 14-year quasi-periodicity of the national water resource variation was detected, overlapping with various periodicities of water resources of different level-I water resource regions. Remarkable uniformity exists between the first or secondary primary periodicity of water resource variation in adjacent level-I water resource regions. 相似文献
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太湖与长三角区域一体化发展:地位、挑战与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太湖及太湖流域在长三角自然和经济地理空间具有举足轻重的地位,更是长三角区域一体化发展国家战略实施的关键地区.在当前区域一体化高质量发展背景下,太湖治理面临新的形势和任务,也面临一系列新的挑战,着重体现在水环境治理形势更加复杂严峻和水资源供给压力不断提升两方面.传统水陆分割治理难以解决湖泊问题,行政区治理难以适应区域一体化发展要求,水资源共享和付费机制尚未建立等问题,对长三角区域一体化进程也构成了较大阻滞.太湖水问题绝不局限于太湖本身,需要从湖泊—流域系统视角构建资源、环境、生态、社会与经济多要素协调统筹治理的新体系,考虑水陆空间协同治理与开发和不同次区域经济、社会、自然效益的均衡,以推动长三角区域一体化高质量发展.基于此,研究提出新背景下的太湖及流域治理思路:推动太湖水资源生态环境之间以及与流域经济社会的联动,撬动长三角生态环境一体化的思维创新;探索关键卡脖子技术研发和流域管理综合集成的科学体系,推动长三角资源环境领域的创新一体化发展;探索太湖流域跨行政区域的水生态环境共治、水资源共享和绿色发展机制,牵动一体化协调制度的改革创新. 相似文献
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太湖流域水资源供需矛盾主要体现为"水质型缺水"问题,如何对"水质型缺水"进行定量描述,在太湖流域是一个难题.本文提出了"分质水资源量"的概念,以流域水资源四级分区为单元,以分区水质监测资料结合水资源量进行分析,分别统计分区分质水资源量.分析表明:太湖流域142×108 m3的地表水资源量中,Ⅲ类以上的适合于饮用水源和一般工业用水的优质水为35.8×108 m3,占25.2%;适合于电力冷却用水、农业灌溉的Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水为46.4×108 m3,占32.6%;不可利用的劣Ⅴ类水有59.9×108 m3,占42.2%.流域内优于Ⅴ类(含Ⅴ类)的地表水资源量为82.2×108 m3,占地表水总资源量的57.8%.而浅层地下水己基本被污染.需要指出,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类优质水虽仍有35.8×108 m3,但目前流域内对Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水的需求量己达60.6×108 m3,如将此两数对比,则优质水缺额为24.8×108 m3,但实际上,优质水的需求主要集中在流域中下游,而可供优质水水源则主要集中在流域上游地区山区水库和中游太湖湖心区、东部湖区和太浦河,供需两者的空间分布有较大出入,因此优质水资源缺额将更大,由此可见太湖流域水质型缺水形势十分严峻. 相似文献