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1.
P. STONE P. M. GREEN B. C. LINTERN J. A. PLANT P. R. SIMPSON N. BREWARD 《Geology Today》1991,7(5):177-181
An understanding of the Ordovician—Silurian development of the Southern Uplands accretionary thrust belt is an essential precursor to reconstructing the British sector of the Appalachian—Caledonian orogen. The British Geological Survey (BGS) has now extended its regional geochemical database to cover this controversial area. Integration of the new geochemical data with results from the current geological resurvey allows fresh insights into the provenance patterns of the Southern Uplands' greywacke sequences and constrains the extrapolation of geological boundaries. 相似文献
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大数据驱动的研究范式正在引起地学领域的革命,而海量大数据的有效管理和共享是数据高效利用的前提。英国地质调查局作为最早成立的国家地质调查局,拥有海量的地学数据资源,通过近年来对数字化工作的全面推进,在数据的开放共享方面走在了世界各国的最前沿。文章对英国地质调查局的数据资源管理和数据共享方式进行了分析调研,详细介绍了他们的一站式管理平台——开放地学的主体组成,以及他们与同行合作建设的数据库。开放地学全面汇总了地调局内的数据资源,并通过一系列数据共享将所有数据集有机链接,通过数据和模型的巧妙结合,在满足用户数据需求的同时,对数据的应用进行了全方位的拓展,是地球系统科学研究框架下地球科学数字化工作的良好典范。 相似文献
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Abstract: Landslide research at the British Geological Survey (BGS) is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers (BGS·SIGMAmobile), with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS’s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14?000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS’s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale. 相似文献
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The growth of Glasgow from a small town into a heavily industrialised conurbation depended greatly on its local geological riches. Extensive mining and quarrying of a range of minerals took place from the 18th century onwards. The early underground stoop and room (pillar and stall) workings, and the backfilled quarries, together with variably consolidated natural superficial deposits, have bequeathed to the city a heritage of unwanted engineering problems which cannot easily be quantified. Recent work by the British Geological Survey (BGS) illustrates the scale of both geological and man-made problems. 相似文献
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主要发达国家地质信息服务的政策体系及其特点 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
信息服务政策是信息服务顺利实施的保障。美、加、澳和英国等主要发达国家的地质调查机构制定并执行了一系列的信息服务政策。这些政策规定了服务的对象、内容、定价、合作伙伴关系、信息发布、客户关系、服务质量等方面的行为准则,涵盖了实施信息服务涉及的所有主要行为,已经形成了比较完整的体系。从以下几个方面阐述了上述主要发达国家信息服务政策体系的特点:信息自由法、版权对地质信息服务的影响,比较完善的定价政策、价格体系和重视用政策、标准规范信息服务。 相似文献
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Railway cuttings, like that at Roade, near Northampton in the English East Midlands, can provide a wealth of geological information, but for safety reasons they remain off-limits to the majority of geologists. Even when access can be achieved, observations are often limited by the extent of vegetation cover. However, a new programme of engineering works at Roade has allowed Natural England and the British Geological Survey (BGS) to explore new ways of capturing the geological and topographical data from railway cuttings that could eventually allow everyone to make a virtual reality visit to otherwise inaccessible sites. 相似文献
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S.J. Mathers H.F. BurkeR.L. Terrington S. ThorpeR.A. Dearden J.P. WilliamsonJ.R. Ford 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014
Many geological survey organisations have started delivering digital geological models as part of their role. This article describes the British Geological Survey (BGS) model for London and the Thames Valley in southeast England. The model covers 4800 km2 and extends to several hundred metres depth. It includes extensive spreads of Quaternary river terraces and alluvium of the Thames drainage system resting on faulted and folded Palaeogene and Cretaceous bedrock strata. The model extends to the base of the Jurassic sedimentary rocks. 相似文献
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A. P. Marchant V. J. Banks K. Royse S. P. Quigley G. P. Wealthall 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(2):483-495
Groundwater is the primary source of potable water in southeast England. Its protection in urban environments is of paramount
importance. Following a scoping study the British Geological Survey (BGS) established a project to develop an initial screening
tool (IST) to assist the planning community in the assessment of the potential risk to ground and surface waters from contaminants
mobilised as a consequence of redevelopment. The tool has been designed in the context of the source-pathway-receptor paradigm
that informs Part IIa of the UK Environmental Protection Act (1990). Building on the work of previous screening tools and
in particular ConSEPT, a BGS contaminated site evaluation and prioritisation tool, the IST incorporates significant refinements
to scoring methodologies and takes the prioritisation approach into the 3-D environment. Implemented as a customised GIS application
and utilising surfaces extracted from 3-D geological modelling, the tool collates and interrogates a range of geoscientific
information, including contaminant scale, geological, historic land use, groundwater level and hydrogeological domain data.
The IST facilitates the ranking of various proposed development scenarios through a semi-quantitative assessment of contamination
potential, via a number of pollutant linkages, providing planners with reports on the type, spatial distribution and hazards
associated with potential contaminant sources within their area. To achieve this, a range of evaluation factors applied to
the sources, pathways and receptors are scored through a combination of spatial and attribute queries, then assessed on the
basis of potential linkages. The initial research area selected for the application of the IST was the Olympic Park site,
London. 相似文献
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中国地质调查事业始于民国。1913年地质调查所正式成立,直至1950年裁撤,30余年间一直是中国地质学家的大本营。1916年初,地质调查所重新改组为地质调查局,并在行政上直接隶属农商部。同年夏天,地质研究所学生毕业后入地质调查局工作,成为地质调查局主要成员。1916年底,地质调查局被裁撤,又恢复地质调查所,但此后工作形式与机构管理均与调查局时期无太大变化。地质调查局因存在时间较短,加之史料不多,以往著述着墨不多。本文以《农商公报》、《政府公报》及地质调查局相关原始材料为基础,考察地质调查局成立始末、机构设置、人员组成及早期进行的地质调查工作。认为地质调查局的成立是中国地质学者建立独立地质调查专门机构的一次尝试。 相似文献
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中国地质调查事业始于民国。1913年地质调查所正式成立,直至1950年裁撤,30余年间一直是中国地质学家的大本营。1916年初,地质调查所重新改组为地质调查局,并在行政上直接隶属农商部。同年夏天,地质研究所学生毕业后入地质调查局工作,成为地质调查局主要成员。1916年底,地质调查局被裁撤,又恢复地质调查所,但此后工作形式与机构管理均与调查局时期无太大变化。地质调查局因存在时间较短,加之史料不多,以往著述着墨不多。本文以《农商公报》、《政府公报》及地质调查局相关原始材料为基础,考察地质调查局成立始末、机构设置、人员组成及早期进行的地质调查工作。认为地质调查局的成立是中国地质学者建立独立地质调查专门机构的一次尝试。 相似文献
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This paper presents the first terrestrial age constraints from the outer continental shelf for the maximum extent of the NW sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. Cosmogenic 10Be ages from eight glacially transported boulders on the island of North Rona show that the Late Devensian (Late Weichselian) British–Irish Ice Sheet overrode the island at its maximal stage and retreated c. 25 ka BP. These new dates, supported by other geological evidence, indicate that the north‐western part of the ice sheet was most extensive between 27 and 25 ka BP, reaching the outer continental shelf during the global eustatic sea‐level minimum at the Last Glacial Maximum. Copyright © 2012 British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2012. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Primary sand and gravel deposits in Britain play an important role in preserving our cultural heritage and are also a valuable aggregate resource. While an understanding of the extrinsic properties of the soil archive (such as pH, redox, groundwater) can provide a firstorder assessment of the potential risk to any archaeologically sensitive deposits, we have very poor definition of spatial variations in the extrinsic properties of soil that influence archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale. Developments in digital geological mapping, remote sensing, and geochemical survey data undertaken by the British Geological Survey (BGS) have, however, significantly extended capabilities in this respect and can potentially be used to provide a primary assessment of the sensitivity of the present soil archive and the potential risk from changes to the soil process on cultural material in areas earmarked for aggregate extraction. Two of the major factors affecting archaeological preservation—soil acidification and groundwater—can be mapped or predicted at scales of better than 1:50,000 across increasingly large parts of the country using a combination of regional hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical data. Additional data from site investigations may further refine preservation potential as a function of changes in redox potential and acidity. These data, maps and models can be used to (1) better establish a baseline for archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale and (2) improve our understanding of how the physical and chemical properties of the near surface environment can be managed to sustainably preserve archaeological materials in areas impacted by sand and gravel extraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
14.
Ian P. Wilkinson 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(5):862-867
Five pithonellid blooms recognised in the Chalk Group of the Isle of Wight are correlated via foraminiferal biostratigraphy to regional and global events. Blooms were recognised in the Holywell Nodular Chalk to basal New Pit Chalk formations (foraminiferal zones BGS7 to BGS9); M. guerangeri to Mytiloides standard (macrofaunal zones); middle Lewes Chalk (questionably foraminifera Zone BGS12; S. plana standard macrofaunal Zone); basal Seaford Chalk (BGS14; base M. coranguinum standard macrofaunal Zone); lower Newhaven Chalk (base BGS18; base U. socialis standard macrofaunal Zone); and uppermost Newhaven to basal Culver formations (BGS19-20; O. pilula to low G. quadrata standard macrofaunal zones). The blooms appear to be coeval with oceanographic change and the general trend towards an increase in the proportion of planktonic taxa may suggest upwelling and/or dysaerobic bottom waters. 相似文献
15.
A. Schumann A. Muwanga T. Lehto M. Staudt T. Schlüter V. Kato A. Namboyera 《Geology Today》2015,31(2):59-67
Geosites are important and/or unique geological or geographical features of significance. Typically they comprise geological, palaeontological, as well as archaeological sites. Geosites should be regarded as deserving to be preserved and protected, either from the elements or from destructive human activities, both for the community and future generations. A good knowledge of geological heritage, and a healthy respect for it, is an important factor in the holistic approach for sustainable development. Very often, these sites bear a multi‐faceted ‘story’, which may date back from very recent times to billions of years ago. As such, geosites are of great educational and scientific value. In Africa, such sites have not been receiving the attention they deserve. Only a few countries on the continent acknowledge their importance. Within the framework of a Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP), geological mapping, geochemical surveys and mineral resources assessment in selected areas of Uganda have been completed under the umbrella of the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), and the Department of Geological Survey and Mines (DGSM, Uganda). Apart from recording ‘hard‐tough’ geology, 62 geosites were documented in 2010 and 2011. For the first time, such sites have been incorporated in the new geological maps of the country (at a scale of 1: 250 000). It is possible that this is the first time that such places have been shown on geological maps of Africa. Currently, the extreme north‐east of the country is being geologically mapped by DGSM, with the eventuality of more possible geosites being discovered. 相似文献
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依托自然资源部中国地质调查局部署的"长江中游城市群咸宁-岳阳和南昌-怀化段高铁沿线1：50 000环境地质调查"项目,开展了蒲圻县幅1：50 000环境地质调查。本数据集采取水文地质调查、岩溶地面塌陷调查、水文地质钻探、水质测试分析等方法而形成。数据集包含73个泉水调查点、7个矿泉水测试分析结果、1个岩溶地面塌陷点、7个岩溶洞穴点、10个水文钻孔等5方面数据。其中泉水调查成果包括泉点的分布位置、野外水质检测指标、泉水成因等;矿泉水分析结果为针对区内泉点及水文钻孔所取水样进行室内测试,达到矿泉水标准的测试结果;岩溶地面塌陷数据主要包括岩溶地面塌陷的位置、塌陷坑特征、地质背景、塌陷后状态等信息;岩溶洞穴调查成果包括洞穴点的位置、洞穴发育特征、开发利用情况等信息;钻孔基本情况数据为钻孔位置信息、孔径、孔深等信息。数据集为赤壁市城镇规划建设,土地安全利用,优质地质资源开发提供重要的地质数据源支撑。 相似文献
17.
The national landslide database of Great Britain: development, evolution and applications 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
C. Foster C. V. L. Pennington M. G. Culshaw K. Lawrie 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(3):941-953
Landslide inventories are essential because they provide the basis for predictive landslide hazard and susceptibility assessments and because they allow for the manipulation and storage of temporal and spatial data. The National Landslide Database has been developed by the British Geological Survey (BGS). It is the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain with over 15,000 records of landslide events each documented as fully as possible. This information is invaluable for planners and developers as it helps them investigate, avoid or mitigate areas of unstable ground in accordance with Government planning policy guidelines. Therefore, it is vital that the continual verification, collection and updating of landslide information is carried out as part of the Survey’s ‘National Capability’ work. This paper describes the evolution from a static database to one that is continually updated forming part of a suite of national digital hazard products. The history of the National Landslide Database and associated Geographical Information System (GIS) is discussed, together with its application and future development. 相似文献
18.
本数据集依托2016年中国地质调查局"白洋淀流域平原区1：50 000水文地质调查"项目,在充分收集以往地质资料的基础上,开展了隶属雄安新区规划建设核心区域的安新县幅、雄县幅1：50 000水文地质及专项生态环境地质调查工作,编制了标准的1：50 000水文地质图及说明书,依照行业规范将此次调查获取的数据建立了1：50 000水文地质调查成果数据集。本数据集包含8种数据类型,包含895个基础调查数据,22个野外地质综合调查点数据,82个地层岩性界限调查点数据,540个水文地质调查点数据,22个环境地质调查点数据,12个钻孔基本情况数据,71个抽水试验综合成果数据,2 200个野外照片数据,共计3 844个数据。本数据集对认识白洋淀及周边区域水文地质条件,评价地下水资源,以及研究湿地生态功能退化等生态地质环境问题具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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本数据集依托2017年中国地质调查局"粤港澳湾区1：50 000环境地质调查"项目,在充分收集以往地质资料的基础上,开展了粤港澳大湾区珠江口西岸的斗门镇幅1：50 000工程地质调查工作,编制了1：50 000工程地质图及说明书,并依据此次调查及采取的样品进行测试获取的数据建立了本数据集。本数据集包含调查与实验测试两大类10种数据类型,其中遥感野外检查验证数据53条,基础调查数据168条,野外地质综合调查数据22条,工程地质调查数据77条,地质灾害调查数据23条,钻孔基本情况数据13条,原位试验成果数据583条,岩石样品试验数据36条,土工试验数据130条,野外照片数据669幅,共计1 774条数据。本数据集对查清粤港澳大湾区珠江口西岸的工程地质条件,评价软土地面沉降、崩塌滑坡不稳定性斜坡等地质灾害具有数据支撑意义。 相似文献
20.
我国十年地质调查实验测试研究主要成果 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
我国地质调查实验测试研究项目主要来源于中国地质调查局科技外事部。中国地质调查局成立十年来,在地质"野战军"装备计划的大力支持下,在地质行业强大需求的推动下,我国的地质实验测试技术得到发展,分析测试仪器装备得到加强,实验测试人才队伍逐渐壮大,分析测试水平及能力明显提升。基本建立了从主量、微量到痕量元素分析,从无机组分到有机组分分析,从固体、液体到油气样品分析,能全方位覆盖地质调查样品类型、满足地质调查需求的实验测试技术方法体系及相应的样品分析能力。文章介绍了十年来由中国地质调查局科技外事部支持的地质调查实验测试研究项目情况,从无机测试分析技术方法、有机测试分析技术方法、同位素测试技术方法及应用、地球化学系列标准物质研制、地质实验仪器研发及升级改造、实验室信息管理系统应用推广等六方面总结了我国十年地质调查实验测试研究项目取得的主要成果。 相似文献