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1.
从卫星雷达提取地面高程信息的原理与应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
综述各种从卫星雷达影像提取地面高程信息的基本原理及其处理流程。首先分析雷达测量的特征及其与一般航测遥感的基本差别，随着着重介绍了从单幅雷达影像和各种干涉模式下的雷达影像提取地面高程信息的原理和数据处理流程。最后叙述了雷达干涉测量的应用领域，列出了INSAR在地形测量、火山地形测量和D－IN－SAR在地形沉降监测中的应用，并对我国目前雷达数据处理所面临的问题和挑战进行了探讨。 相似文献
2.
This paper presents a method developed for estimating wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without prior assumption of noise distribution. It is based on two-dimenslonal ocean wave spectra retrieved from fully calibrated SAR images. Wen‘s spectrum was used as first-guess wave spectrum in the retrieval process. Comparison of the estimated wave height obtained by this method from two ERS-1 SAR subimages dated 23 July 1994 with in-situ measurements showed that the method works well. 相似文献
3.
针对2014-09-01大树场镇大面积山体滑坡灾后稳定性,从IBIS-L地基雷达形变测量原理和关键技术(步进频率连续波和合成孔径雷达)入手,给出地基InSAR数据处理流程,获得了滑坡灾后高精度、高时空分辨率的形变演化特征,测量精度达到亚mm级。地基InSAR结果表明,滑坡体滑动幅度较大的区域位于滑坡体左侧中上部(120mm)和右侧中上部(75mm)。滑动主要由堆积松散土在裂隙水、雨水等作用下造成,产生较大次生灾害的可能性较小。 相似文献
4.
分析了水面舰船的SAR成像能力和探测优势。在总结已有的舰船检测方法的基础之上,根据舰船目标在SAR图像中的成像特点,提出了利用BP神经网络实现SAR水面舰船目标识别实验。进一步利用形态学方法对检测结果进行修整,结合已知的SAR图像的像元大小,提取舰船的长度和宽度信息,同时利用原始图像的经纬度内插实现舰船目标中心的定位。结果表明,BP神经网络具有很强的自适应性,在低信噪比的情况下,也能够取得良好的效果。 相似文献
5.
地形要素是对地形在地表的空间分布特征具有控制作用的点、线或面状要素,其合理划分可为城市地形建模提供数据基础。本文在解析城市地形特征和分析现有地形图分类在城市DEM建模中不足的基础上,基于面向对象思想,以城市地形被城市道路网分割为基本原则,构建了城市地形要素分类及表达方法,并以南京市某区1:500地形图为实验数据,进行了相关验证实验与分析。实验结果表明,本文提出的地形要素分类和表达方法能够整体控制并有效表达集几何和语义信息为一体的复杂城市地形,在全局和局部地形上均有较好的建模效果。本文提出的城市地形要素分类及表达方法不但可为地形要素的分析和应用提供基础,也可为城市地形构建模拟、建设规划和分析决策等提供技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is a suitable tool to obtain reliable wind retrievals with high spatial resolution.The geophysical model function(GMF),which is widely employed for wind speed retrieval from SAR data,describes the relationship between the SAR normalized radar cross-section(NRCS)at the copolarization channel(vertical-vertical and horizontal-horizontal)and a wind vector.SAR-measured NRCS at cross-polarization channels(horizontal-vertical and vertical-horizontal)correlates with wind speed.In this study,a semi-empirical algorithm is presented to retrieve wind speed from the noisy Chinese Gaofen-3(GF-3)SAR data with noise-equivalent sigma zero correction using an empirical function.GF-3 SAR can acquire data in a quad-polarization strip mode,which includes cross-polarization channels.The semi-empirical algorithm is tuned using acquisitions collocated with winds from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts.In particular,the proposed algorithm includes the dependences of wind speed and incidence angle on cross-polarized NRCS.The accuracy of SAR-derived wind speed is around 2.10ms−1 root mean square error,which is validated against measurements from the Advanced Scatterometer onboard the Metop-A/B and the buoys from the National Data Buoy Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.The results obtained by the proposed algorithm considering the incidence angle in a GMF are relatively more accurate than those achieved by other algorithms.This work provides an alternative method to generate operational wind products for GF-3 SAR without relying on ancillary data for wind direction. 相似文献
7.
合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像的应用越来越广泛,但斑点噪声很大程度上影响了SAR的应用。本文首先研究了常用斑点噪声滤波方法,在此基础上,将中值滤波与常用的Lee,Frost,Kuan滤波结合。实验结果表明,该方法在斑点噪声抑制及边缘保持上明显优于传统的滤波方法。 相似文献
8.
在高分辨率机载干涉SAR成像处理过程中,由于载机飞行过程中偏离理想轨迹,需要高精度的惯导系统和GPS系统记录载机的运动轨迹并进行运动补偿。然而,由于目前传感器导航精度的限制,在完成运动补偿处理后仍然存在轨道误差,从而影响干涉相位的精度,本文提出了一种机载双极化InSAR轨道误差去除方法。该方法利用小波多尺度分析对不同极化方式差分干涉相位进行多尺度分解,减弱地形误差相位、噪声相位对轨道误差的干扰,然后根据不同极化方式轨道误差的高度相关性,对相位进行降权改正,得到轨道误差改正后的差分干涉相位。为验证该方法的可靠性,分别采用模拟数据和E-SAR P波段双极化数据进行实验分析,结果表明原始差分干涉图中的轨道误差剔除明显,利用P波段获得的校正干涉图生成数字高程模型(DEM),轨道误差改正前后获取的DEM与LiDAR值的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为6.02 m和1.68 m,提高了InSAR测高精度。本研究为机载InSAR轨道误差补偿提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献
9.
Evaluation of Wind Retrieval from Co-Polarization Gaofen-3 SAR Imagery Around China Seas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SHAO Weizeng ZHU Shuai SUN Jian YUAN Xinzhe SHENG Yexin ZHANG Qingjun JI Qiyan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1):80-92
Gaofen-3(GF-3) is the first Chinese space-borne satellite to carry the C-band multi-polarization synthetic aperture radar(SAR). Marine applications, i.e., winds and waves retrieved from GF-3 SAR images, have been operational since January 2017. In this study, we have collected more than 1000 quad-polarization(vertical-vertical(VV); horizontal-horizontal(HH); vertical-horizontal(VH); horizontal-vertical(HV)) GF-3 SAR images, which were acquired around the China Seas from September 2016 to September 2017. Wind streaks were visible in these images in co-polarization(VV and HH) channel. Geophysical model functions(GMFs), including the CMOD5N together with polarization ratio(PR) model and C-SARMOD, were used to retrieve winds from the collected co-polarization GF-3 SAR images. Wind directions were directly obtained from GF-3 SAR images. Then, the SAR-derived wind speeds were compared with the measurements at a 0.25? grid from the Advanced Scatterometer on board the Metop-A/B and microwave radiometer WindSAT. Based on the analysis, empirical corrections are proposed to improve the performance of the two GMFs. Results of this study show that the standard deviation of wind speed is 1.63 m s-1 with a 0.19 m s-1 bias and 1.71 m s-1 with a 0.26 m s-1 bias for VV-and HH-polarization GF-3 SAR, respectively. Our work not only systematically evaluates wind retrieval by using the two advanced GMFs and PR models but also proposes empirical corrections to improve the accuracy of wind retrievals from GF-3 SAR images around the China Seas and thus enhance the accuracy of near real-time operational SAR-derived wind products. 相似文献
10.
编队卫星InSAR系统的相位同步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
编队卫星InSAR系统属多基雷达系统,依靠编队卫星构型形成干涉所需的基线。一发多收工作模式下的编队卫星InSAR高程测量系统,协同工作的雷达间必须建立时间同步、相位同步和空间同步,其同步精度将影响InSAR系统的功能与性能。三大同步中,相位同步误差直接影响SAR复影像的相位误差,从而影响系统的高程测量精度。本文根据编队卫星条件下SAR成像的要求,对相位同步的要求进行了分析,并给出了由于相位不同步所引起的相位误差对InSAR高程测量精度影响。分析结果表明,编队卫星InSAR系统对于相位同步的要求包含两个方面:一是为保证被动雷达能够对回波实现相参成像,在整个合成孔径时间内,主动和被动两个雷达在载波相位上必须保持确定和可知的关系,且其差值随系统距离向分辨率的不同必须限定在一定范围内;二是在整个干涉数据的录取时间里,主动和被动两个雷达载波相位同步误差不能超过高程测量的精度要求所允许的误差。 相似文献
11.
针对合成孔径雷达干涉技术中对流层延迟误差会影响DEM精度的问题,提出采用小波多尺度相关性分析方法来减弱与高程相关的对流层延迟误差的影响,来提高合成孔径雷达干涉DEM的估计精度。该方法基于小波多分辨率分析理论,根据差分干涉相位不同组成的频率特性,利用小波分解重构均方根误差变化率确定分解层数,降低地形残差相位、噪声相位等对大气延迟误差相位估计的干扰,提取对流层延迟误差相位所在频带;然后结合对流层延迟误差相位和雷达坐标系下的DEM在不同尺度上的相关性定权并进行降权处理,重构解缠差分干涉图,改正差分干涉相位中与高程相关的对流层延迟的影响。采用本文方法对覆盖河南义马地区的2景ENVISAT ASAR数据进行处理,得到对流层延迟误差改正后的差分干涉图,估计的与高程相关的对流层延迟相位,与地形变化情况吻合。将对流层延迟误差改正后的干涉图用于DEM高程估计,结果显示本文方法重建的DEM与Aster GDEM的标准差由30.7 m提高到26.37 m,提高了InSAR DEM估计精度。 相似文献
12.
Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images. 相似文献
13.
To extract the high-quality DEM in complicated mountain areas,a DEM fusion method for ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)echo intensity is proposed.After the analysis for the influence of terrain features and SAR side-looking imaging characteristics on radar echo intensity and DEM accuracy,four Terras AR-X images with the stripmap mode and the 3 m spatial resolution covering a certain area of Maoxian County,Sichuan Province,China,was selected as the experimental area.StereoSAR technology was used to extract the ascending orbit StereoSAR DEM and the descending orbit StereoSAR DEM,respectively,and the corresponding radar echo intensity map was calculated.Then,while comparing the radar echo intensity corresponding to the same point position,DEM fusion was carried out,and the accuracy of DEM before and after the fusion was analyzed with the ground points measured by GNSS-RTK as reference data.Finally,a high-quality DEM with a 3 m spatial resolution in the experimental area was obtained.The DEM accuracy was improved on all slopes,and the mean absolute deviation(MAD)improved to 4.798 m,the standard deviation(SD)improved to 6.087 m and the LE90 improved to 40.48 m.The experimental results indicate that the fusion method of highresolution ascending and descending orbit StereoSAR DEMs considering SAR echo intensity can effectively extract DEM with high accuracy and reliability,which can provide technical support for obtaining highquality terrain information in similar areas. 相似文献
14.
数字化地形图等高线法是目前生成DEM的一种有效方法,本文介绍了利用等高线作为数据源,在工程中大规模、批量化生产DEM时,DEM快速生产软件的设计思想以及开发过程中的主要技术等。该软件已申请专利,并成功应用于国家1∶50 000数据库更新工程DEM更新生产中,具有低成本、高效率、自动化等特点,取得了巨大的经济效益以及社会效益。 相似文献
15.
地形是在内外营力的共同作用之下综合形成的,不同类型的地形具有不同的起伏形态特征,从全局或宏观的观测视角,可以视觉感知到这种地形起伏及其特征规律。纹理是众多物体表面呈现的有规律的线条组合,DEM作为地形的数据表达,不同地形类型区域的起伏形态具有纹理的显著表征。目前,对于DEM纹理研究主要是从DEM影像认知的角度出发,利用图像纹理的计算方法进行地形纹理对象描述和指标的提取,并基于获取的纹理对象进行区域地形特征分析和地貌类型的分类,在视觉上的反映存在不足。DEM起伏纹理作为一种基于某种观测视角和尺度的地形要素组合对象,首先需要对其进行系统的视觉认知,明确基于视觉认知的DEM起伏纹理构成要素和不同视觉变量控制的纹理要素组合结构,通过实现DEM起伏纹理的多维可视化建模,达到DEM数字地形建模的抽象与简化。基于此,本文以DEM地形起伏纹理为研究对象,对DEM起伏纹理进行视觉认知,明确DEM起伏纹理的涵义并建立提取方法,使用建立的方法实现了DEM起伏纹理的提取,取得了较好的提取效果。从视觉感知的机制出发,确定了决定视觉感知结果的视觉变量组合。确定了包含景深、长度和邻域等用于视觉综合的参数,设计建立了多变量的DEM起伏纹理消隐方法。最后设置视觉变量并使用该方法实现了DEM起伏纹理的消隐,消隐后DEM起伏纹理的数量分别降低了45.2%和53.2%,视觉上也取得了较理想的结果,具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
16.
One-sided ascending or descending Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） stereoradargrammetry has limited accuracy of topographic mapping due to the short spatial baseline（-100 km） and small intersection angle. In order to improve the performance and reliability of generating digital elevation model（DEM） from spaceborne SAR radargrammetry, an exploration of two-sided stereoradargrammetry from the combination of ascending and descending orbits with geometric configuration of long spatial baseline（-1000 km） was conducted in this study. The slant-range geometry between SAR sensors to the earth surface and the Doppler positioning equations were employed to establish the stereoscopic intersection model. The measurement uncertainty of two-sided radargrammetric elevation was estimated on the basis of radar parallax of homogeneous points between input SAR images. Two stereo-pairs of ALOS/PALSAR（Advanced Land Observing Satellite/Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar） acquisitions with the orbital separation almost 1080 km over the west Sichuan foreland basin with rolling topography in southwestern China were employed in the study to obtain the up-to-date terrain data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that hit this area. Thequantitative accuracy assessment of two-sided radargrammetric DEM was performed with reference to field GPS observations. The experimental results show that the elevation accuracy reaches 5.5 m without ground control points（GCPs） used, and the accuracy is further improved to 1.5 m with only one GPS GCP used as the least constraint. The theoretical analysis and testing results demonstrate that the twosided long baseline SAR radargrammetry from the ascending and descending orbits can be a very promising technical alternative for large-area and high accuracy topographic mapping. 相似文献
17.
分别选用两景Radarsat-2和TerraSAR-X数据,应用子带干涉技术获取夏威夷火山国家公园及其附近区域的沉降量,并将其与偏移跟踪技术结果进行对比,证明了子带干涉技术的地表形变监测能力,且分辨率越高、带宽越宽的TerraSAR-X数据得到的监测精度越高。用两景PALSAR数据,应用子带干涉技术获得唐洞煤矿地表方位向位移,与同期GPS监测数据进行对比,进一步验证了子带干涉技术的形变监测能力。 相似文献
18.
针对近岸区域,基于Sentinel-3A合成孔径雷达观测数据,选取多阈值、ICE1、IceSheet和SAMOSA四种波形重跟踪算法,利用全球范围内27个验潮站海面高数据,分析近岸20 km范围内4种波形重跟踪算法的精度。结果表明,多阈值算法在近岸6 km范围内可保留最多的有效波形,且与验潮站海面高数据具有最高的相关性和最小的均方根误差;SAMOSA算法在离岸距离大于5 km时相对大地水准面稳定性最高,更适用于开阔海域。 相似文献
19.
人类活动对地表的改造使其呈现形态多样化、不连续等特征,此时传统的DEM构建方法难以满足这些区域DEM精度要求。为此,本文提出了一种多模型协同构建DEM的思路,首先按照形态特征和语义信息对地形进行分类,然后对不同类型的地形区域,选择、设计适宜的方法分别进行DEM构建,最后将不同区域构建DEM结果融合拼接形成区域完整的DEM结果。本文选择江苏省南京市城市郊区某区域为实验区,以1:500比例尺地形图为基本数据源进行DEM构建实验。实验结果表明,与传统经典DEM构建方法相比,本文提出的多模型协同的DEM构建方法能够有效表达实验区域不同的地形特征,特别是对于人工改造的地形(如道路、边坡等区域),本文方法构建的DEM其形态精度优势显著;同时,基于验证点法的高程精度分析结果表明,本文方法构建DEM的高程精度亦优于传统DEM构建方法,特别是对于一些形态规则而高程信息相对稀少的区域,以边坡区域为例,经典DEM构建法平均误差均超过5 m,而本文构建结果平均误差为0.26 m,精度优势非常明显。研究表明本文提出的多模型协同的DEM构建方法适用于人类活动改造或显著影响的区域的DEM构建。 相似文献
20.
The influence derived from atmosphere transmitting of radar wave, in the application of high-resolution airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） stereo positioning, may produce some phase errors, and eventually be introduced into positioning model. This paper described the principle of airborne SAR stereo positioning and the error sources of stereo positioning accuracy that arose from atmosphere transmitting, established a corresponding assessment model of atmosphere transmitting influence, and testified the model and the assessment principle taking the 1-m resolution airborne SAR images of Zigong City, Sichuan Province in China, as the test dataset. The test result has proved that the assessment model is reliable and reasonable. And, it has shown that the phase error arisen from time delay is the main error source during the atmosphere transmitting, which has much more influences on cross-track direction and introduces a stereo positioning error of about eight meters, but less on the along-track direction. 相似文献