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济南市玉符河多水源回灌岩溶水水质风险评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
济南以泉城而闻名,保泉和供水安全问题是其面临的巨大挑战,利用多水源进行岩溶水回灌是解决问题的有效措施之一,但是补给水源水质相对岩溶水而言较差,回灌到地下可能存在一定健康和环境风险,需要对回灌系统的水质进行风险评价。本文对比地下水质量标准和地下水水质背景值,重点选择地表源水超标和劣于背景值的风险源监测指标,借鉴澳大利亚含水层补给管理指南,对玉符河多水源回灌岩溶含水层工程运行期的水质风险进行评价。2015年对黄河水、卧虎山水库两种水源多次回灌期间的源水、孔隙水和岩溶水的22项指标进行水质监测和指标分析,风险残余评价结果表明黄河水回灌补源期间,平均浊度的标准指数源水是1.4,孔隙水1.7,岩溶水0.93,硫酸盐平均含量的标准指数源水是0.93,孔隙水0.9,岩溶水0.73,氯离子虽没有超过地下水III类标准,但是在源水中含量是地下水含量的2倍多;卧虎山水库水回灌补源期间,平均浊度的标准指数源水是2.4,孔隙水1.1,岩溶水0.43,硫酸盐平均含量的标准指数在源水0.75,孔隙水0.84,岩溶水0.66,氨氮的平均含量的标准指数源水1.14,孔隙水1.47,岩溶水1.35。因此,浊度、硫酸盐和溶质在裂隙岩溶含水层迁移较快为两种水源玉符河回灌补源工程的共同高风险项和关键控制点。此外,黄河水补源还需注意盐度,卧虎山水库水补源还需控制营养物的污染风险。基于以上评价,还提出了限制回灌量占区域岩溶水资源量比例等建议。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(Z2):1-8
利用纤维束模型(FBM)模拟非均质材料破坏动力学行为,在实验室内进行了砂岩力控制单轴压缩声发射(AE)试验。将纤维束模型纤维断裂与砂岩声发射类比分析发现,低应力阶段纤维束模型对偶发的雪崩过程敏感性低,但在高应力阶段纤维束模型能够很好地表征应力控制单轴压缩砂岩声发射特征;雪崩尺寸的模拟和试验结果都呈现双幂形式,具有相似的双幂指数和转换点;模拟和试验结果都以纤维束模型为基础和声发射反映固体内部损伤为前提,固体的破裂失稳满足二阶相变特征,且分叉率ξ是符合描述二阶相变的连续序参量;在临界点附近针对分支率演化(固体破裂相变)过程概率理论、纤维束模拟与声发射试验结果一致,可见纤维束模型能较好地模拟岩石声发射行为进而反映岩石损伤断裂过程。 相似文献
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激光诱导荧光(LIF)遥测是针对大面积水域富营养化状况进行原位、实时、快速测量的一种先进的监测技术。利用自行研制的水体污染LIF遥测系统对太湖水域进行了一次较为全面的测量,以测得的溶解有机物(DOM)荧光因子、瑞利散射因子和叶绿素a荧光因子分别代表各测量点的DOM浓度、浊度和叶绿素a浓度。同时以Skalar三维荧光成像仪测量各点DOM浓度,多参数水质分析仪测量浊度和叶绿素a浓度。对比分析了LIF遥测系统测量DOM荧光因子、瑞利散射因子和叶绿素a荧光因子与DOM浓度、浊度和叶绿素a浓度关系。结果表明LIF系统测得的DOM因子与三维荧光成像仪测量的DOM浓度值一致性较好(R=0.88733),而瑞利散射因子和叶绿素a荧光因子与多参数水质测量仪测得浊度值和叶绿素a浓度值线性相关性较差,相关系数分别为-0.39185和0.4552。对上述差异产生的可能原因进行了讨论,并阐述了LIF遥测技术在水质监测中的应用前景和潜在的应用限制。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(2)
基于天津市东丽区某简易生活垃圾填埋场地下水水质检测数据,对该区域地下水水质自动监测方法进行研究。利用SPSS软件对污染物指标进行因子分析,筛选电导率、浊度和氨氮作为地下水自动监测指标,同时结合地下水监测井口径小,定期洗井和高浓度污染物对监测设备的腐蚀影响等因素,设计了井外自动监测采样系统来实现对垃圾填埋场地下水的监测。对监测结果分析可知:地下水潜水含水层最易受到垃圾填埋场的影响,而承压含水层受影响相对较小,通过水质指标的因子分析结果选择电导率、浊度和氨氮作为垃圾填埋场地下水污染自动监测指标是合适的。研究结果为垃圾填埋场自动在线监测预警提供了技术支持和参考依据。 相似文献
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文章通过对2019年黄河下游平原区地下水流场的刻画，结合黄河水和沿岸地下水的稳定同位素18O和放射性同位素3H的分布特征，分析了小浪底水库运行20年后黄河下游侧渗影响带的范围及变化。结果表明：小浪底水库运行20年后，现状黄河下游影响带在5~25 km，在新乡-开封一带最大，约25 km，在滨州一带最小，约5 km。相对于小浪底水库运行初期，影响带在滨州以西增加0.5~5 km，尤其在新乡-郑州沿线增大最为显著，而在滨州以东影响带略有缩小。黄河影响带主要由介质条件，补给源条件和能量条件等因素控制。小浪底水库运行后，河道下切，河床渗透性增强，降低了河床物质对黄河水的"吸附和净化"能力。黄河水的水质将对沿岸地下水产生更加明显的影响，控制和改善黄河水质是保障黄河下游区生态环境高质量发展的基础。 相似文献
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混凝和膜分离联用处理制药废水二级出水中试试验 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对东北制药总厂废水处理厂的二级出水采用混凝-超滤-反渗透膜工艺进行中试处理研究。试验结果表明：混凝工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在62.0％和22.3％以上;超滤工艺对浊度和COD的去除率分别在87.4％和54.5％以上;反渗透工艺产水脱盐率在97.6％以上。工艺出水满足循环用水水质指标,工艺运行稳定。 相似文献
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运城市黄河沿岸地下水主要受黄河激发补给,水资源十分丰富,对缓解运城市水资源的紧缺压力起着极其重要的作用。通过对黄河沿岸水文地质条件的分析,介绍了各段浅层地下水天然水资源量和可开采量;同时,对地下水的开采现状及开采潜力也进行了科学分析,提出了加强地下水与黄河水的水力联系研究、加强水质监测、建立保护区以及科学规划、优化配制等水资源可持续利用对策。 相似文献
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改性铝土矿做净水剂，与市售其它混凝剂比较，具有ＰＨ值适用范围宽，对水中阴阳离子，尤其是对ＳＯ＾２－４的吸附能力强等优点。去除水中的浊度，颜色，ＣＯＤ等同于市售其它混凝剂。 相似文献
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A. Jafari Dastanaie M.Sc. G. R. Nabi Bidhendi Ph.D. T. Nasrabadi R. Habibi M.Sc. H. Hoveidi P.hD. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(3):379-382
In order to evaluate the feasibility of implementation of horizontal-flow roughing filtration for drinking water treatment a pilot was designed and run at the bank of Zayandehroud river near the village of Chamkhalifeh. Pilot running was performed in summer 2003 (July, August and September), when the quality of river water was in relatively worst condition. The filter is comprised from three different parts which are separated with perforated baffles. Each compartment is filled with some local sand and gravel considering a special decreasing size regime. The overall function of the filter in removing turbidity and total suspended solids is acceptable. Additionally, iron, manganese and color and coliform removal are also been covered to some extent. Achieved results in this study shows that horizontal-flow roughing filtration may be considered as a packed, low-cost and efficient pretreatment process incase surface water is used as water supply for treatment. Furthermore, when small scale societies are considered and when no major pollutants exist in the water supply as the case in this study_ this system may be posed as a total treatment system, in which treated water exited from the filter may be sent to distribution network after a simple post chlorination. 相似文献
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沸石强化过滤的中试及生产性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对新型水处理材料沸石强化常规给水处理工艺进行了中试和生产性试验,并与石英砂滤料做了对比.中试结果表明粒径为0.80-1.20mm沸石对浊度、氨氮、有机物都表现出良好的去除效果,过滤时的水头损失、反冲洗强度明显小于石英砂,不仅能满足反冲洗要求,还可节省反冲洗水量,降低运行成本.在生产性试验条件下,沸石对浊度、氨氮、耗氧量的去除率分别为95%、83%和39%.因此,在当前水源水遭到污染的情况下,用沸石替代石英砂滤料可明显改善水质,在不增加处理构筑物的情况下,对给水处理工艺可起到强化作用 相似文献
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M. Nikaeen Ph.D. K. Makimura M.D. Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(2):241-246
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the occurrence of waterborne disease outbreaks caused by the Cryptosporidium parvum, and presence of this protozoan parasite in drinking water is a significant health problem faced by the water industry. A new strategy for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples is polymerase chain reactor based techniques. In this study a nested-PCR assay was designed for the specific amplification of a 199 bp DNA fragment of the gene encoding the heat shock protein (hsp 70) of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. In order to prevent the inhibition of PCR amplification by substances contained in water samples, three DNA purification methods including QIAamp DNA mini kit, InstaGene Matrix, MagExtractor — Genome were compared in concentrates of tap water samples spiked with the oocysts. After it was found that the QIAamp is only efficient purification technique, the efficiency of QIAamp and immunomagnetic separation for nested-PCR assay of various water samples was compared. The results show that QIAamp provide a useful and rapid tool for removing of PCR inhibitors. It seems that QIAamp purification-nested PCR assay is a sensitive, rapid and cost effective method for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in clean water samples with turbidity < 2 nephelometric turbidity unit. 相似文献
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熊正为 《华东地质学院学报》2000,23(3):248-250,270
涟钢含酚废水处理采用吸附再生法,设计水量为１４４０ｍ＾３／ｄ;根据废水的特点和运行实践对部分设备者了改造,摸索出了适合涟钢含酚废水的特点和运行管理经验,收到显著效果。 相似文献
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Guan-Wei Lin Hongey Chen Dave N. Petley Ming-Jame Horng Shuei-Ji Wu Bin Chuang 《Engineering Geology》2011,117(1-2):97-103
Typhoon-triggered landslides deliver huge amounts of sediment to the upstream channel of the Shihmen Reservoir in northern Taiwan. Observation data regarding landsliding, sediment discharge and water turbidity following five major typhoon events from 1985 to 2006 demonstrated that each time water turbidity in the reservoir area rapidly increased up to ten-fold from the river catchment drainage, and the weight of landslide debris exceeded total sediment discharge five-fold. The fact that huge amounts of landslide debris still remained on upstream slopes and water turbidity suddenly increased in the reservoir area but not in upstream channel implied that the increasing water turbidity in the Shihmen Reservoir was indirectly related to the large landslides occurring in the upstream catchment. The main cause of high turbidity in the reservoir area was that, during a typhoon event, high water discharge flowing into the reservoir scoured the fine fraction sediment at the bottom of the reservoir and formed hyperpycanl flow with high turbidity, which then ascended to contaminate the reservoir surface water. 相似文献
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涌流型浊流形成及发展的实验模拟 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对涌流型浊流及底流型浊流的动量方程进行了比较,结果表明涌流型浊流不仅从其前部卷吸水体,同时从其顶面卷吸水体。在 0°、5°、10°底坡上开展的涌流型浊流的模拟实验发现 :涌流型浊流的悬浮云是悬伸而向前凸出的,在横向上形成近乎周期性出现的船艄形的凸起和凹陷;涌流型浊流的主体比头部运动速度快,运动过程表现为波浪式前进、后波超前波的特征;涌流型浊流的流体厚度及速度与搬运距离和底坡成正比;流体密度在其底部较大,顶部较小,而底流型浊流不具上述特征。 相似文献
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Erin Lee Hestir David H. Schoellhamer Jonathan Greenberg Tara Morgan-King Susan L. Ustin 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(4):1100-1112
Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has well-documented effects on water clarity. SAV beds can slow water movement and reduce bed shear stress, promoting sedimentation and reducing suspension. However, estuaries have multiple controls on turbidity that make it difficult to determine the effect of SAV on water clarity. In this study, we investigated the effect of primarily invasive SAV expansion on a concomitant decline in turbidity in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The objective of this study was to separate the effects of decreasing sediment supply from the watershed from increasing SAV cover to determine the effect of SAV on the declining turbidity trend. SAV cover was determined by airborne hyperspectral remote sensing and turbidity data from long-term monitoring records. The turbidity trends were corrected for the declining sediment supply using suspended-sediment concentration data from a station immediately upstream of the Delta. We found a significant negative trend in turbidity from 1975 to 2008, and when we removed the sediment supply signal from the trend it was still significant and negative, indicating that a factor other than sediment supply was responsible for part of the turbidity decline. Turbidity monitoring stations with high rates of SAV expansion had steeper and more significant turbidity trends than those with low SAV cover. Our findings suggest that SAV is an important (but not sole) factor in the turbidity decline, and we estimate that 21–70 % of the total declining turbidity trend is due to SAV expansion. 相似文献
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Hermann Rügner Marc Schwientek Barbara Beckingham Bertram Kuch Peter Grathwohl 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):373-380
Transport of hydrophobic organic pollutants in rivers is mainly coupled to transport of suspended particles. Turbidity measurements are often used to assess the amount of suspended solids in water. In this study, a monitoring campaign is presented where the total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the amount of total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity was measured in water samples from five neighboring catchments in southwest Germany. Linear correlations of turbidity and TSS were obtained which were in close agreement to the literature data. From linear regressions of turbidity versus total PAH concentrations in water, mean concentrations of PAH on suspended particles could be calculated and these varied by catchment. These values furthermore comprise a robust measure of the average sediment quality in a given catchment. Since in the catchments investigated in this study, PAH concentrations on suspended particles were stable over a large turbidity range (1–114 Nephelometric Turbidity Units), turbidity could be used as a proxy for total PAHs and likely other highly hydrophobic organic pollutants in river water if the associated correlations are established. Based on that, online monitoring of turbidity (e.g., by optical backscattering sensors) seems very promising to determine annual pollutant fluxes. 相似文献