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1.
Single crystal Raman spectra of pyrite-type RuS2, RuSe2, OsS2, OsSe2, PtP2, and PtAs2 are presented and discussed with reference to the energies of the X-X stretching modes
x-x (A
g, F
g) and the X2 librations
(E, 2Fg). The main results obtained are (i) strong Raman resonance effects, (ii) different sequences for
x-x (A
g) and
(E
g), i.e.,
R_{x_2 } $$
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for PtP2 and PtAs2 and
R_{x_2 } $$
" align="middle" border="0">
for OsS2, owing to the interplay of intraionic and interionic lattice forces, (iii) greater strengths for the intraionic P-P and As-As bonds compared to the S-S and Se-Se bonds, respectively, and (iv) a strong influegnce of the metal ions on the strength of the X-X bonds.This is contribution LXI of a series of papers on lattice vibration spectra 相似文献
2.
Adam J.R. Kent Benjamin Jacobsen David W. Peate Tod E. Waight Joel A. Baker 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2004,28(3):417-429
We present data for the concentrations of eleven rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Lu) in eleven international geochemical reference materials obtained by isotope dilution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). We have analysed both rock powders and synthetic silicate glasses, and the latter provide precise data to support the use of these as reference materials for in situ trace element determination techniques. Our data also provide precise measurements of the abundance of mono-isotopic Pr in both glasses and powders, which allows more accurate constraints on the anomalous redox-related behaviour of Ce during geochemical processes. All materials were analysed in replicate providing data that typically reproduce to better than one percent. Sm/Nd ratios in all these materials also reproduce to better than 0.2% and are accurate to < 0.2% and can thus be used as calibrants for Sm-Nd geochronology. Our analyses agree well with existing data on these reference materials. In particular, for NIST SRM 610, USGS BHVO-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2, our measured REE abundances are typically within < 2% (and mostly 1%) of REE concentrations previously determined by isotope dilution analysis and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, consistent with the higher degree of precision and accuracy obtained from isotope dilution techniques. Close agreement of results between basaltic glass reference materials USGS BHVO-2G and BCR-2G and the BHVO-2 and BCR-2 powders from which they were created suggests that little fractionation, concentration or dilution of REE contents occurred during glass manufacture. 相似文献
3.
Ingrid Raczek Brigitte Stoll Albrecht W. Hofmann Klaus Peter Jochum 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2001,25(1):77-86
Different batches of the new US Geological Survey (USGS) reference materials (RMs) BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2, DTS-2 and GSP-2 and the original USGS RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1, DTS-1 and GSP-1 have been analysed by isotope dilution using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and by multi-ion counting spark source mass spectrometry (MIC-SSMS). The concentrations of K, Rb, Sr, Ba and the rare earth elements were determined with overall analytical uncertainties of better than 1% (ID-TIMS) and 3% (MIC-SSMS). The analyses of different aliquots and batches of BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2, respectively, agree within 1%, i.e. approximately the analytical uncertainties of the data. This indicates an homogeneous distribution of the trace elements in these RMs. Differences in element concentrations of up to 17% in different aliquots of the depleted RM DTS-2 are outside the analytical uncertainty of our data. They may be attributed to a slightly heterogeneous distribution of trace elements in this dunite sample. Our trace element data for BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 agree within about 3% with preliminary reference values published by the USGS. They also agree within 1-6% with those of the original RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and GSP-1. Large compositional differences are found between DTS-2 and DTS-1, where the concentrations of K, Rb, Sr and the light REE differ by factors of 2 to 24. 相似文献
4.
Ingrid Raczek Klaus Peter Jochum Albrecht W. Hofmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2003,27(2):173-179
We have measured 87 Sr/86 Sr and 14 3 Nd/14 4 Nd isotope ratios in different batches and aliquots of the new US Geological Survey (USGS) reference materials (RMs) BCR-2, BHVO-2, AGV-2 and GSP-2 and the original USGS RMs BCR-1, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and GSP-1 by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. In addition, we also analysed the eight Max-Planck-Institut-Dingwell (MPI-DING) reference glasses. Nearly all isotope ratios obtained in the different aliquots and batches agree within uncertainty limits indicating excellent homogeneity of the USGS powders and the MPI-DING glasses. With the exception of GSP-2, the new USGS RMs are also indistinguishable from the ratios found in the original USGS RMs (87 Sr/86 Sr: 0.704960, 0.704958 (BCR-1, -2), 0.703436, 0.703435 (BHVO-1, -2), 0.703931, 0.703931 (AGV-1, -2); 14 3 Nd/14 4 Nd: 0.512629, 0.512633 (BCR-1, -2), 0.512957, 0.512957 (BHVO-1, -2); 0.512758, 0.512755 (AGV-1, -2)). This means that for normalisation purposes in Sr and Nd isotope geochemistry BCR-2, BHVO-2 and AGV-2 can well replace BCR-1, BHVO-1 and AGV-1 respectively. 相似文献
5.
Ankam Durga Prasad Lori Rastogi Vinod Kumar Verma Vasudevan Krishna Kumari Sudhakar Yadlapalli Kulamani Dash 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(3):629-636
The National Centre for Compositional Characterisation of Materials (NCCCM) / Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), India have produced an Indian origin bauxite certified reference material (CRM), referred to as BARC-B1201, certified for major (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, loss on ignition - LOI) and trace contents (V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3, MgO). Characterisation was undertaken by strict adherence to ISO Guides. A method previously developed and validated in our laboratory, using single step bauxite dissolution and subsequent quantitation (of Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3 and MgO) by ICP-AES (SSBD ICP-AES) was used for homogeneity studies and an inter-laboratory comparison exercise (ILCE) of the candidate CRM. LOI was determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis. Property values were assigned after an ILCE with participation from seventeen reputed government and private sector laboratories in India. The CRM was certified for nine property values: Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, V2O5, MnO, Cr2O3, MgO and LOI, which are traceable to SI units. 相似文献
6.
Alan Bruce Thompson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1971,33(2):145-161
Equilibria for several reactions in the system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2-H2O have been calculated from the reactions calcite+quartz=wollastonite+CO2 (5) and calcite+Al2SiO5+quartz=anorthite+CO2 (19) and other published experimental studies of equilibria in the systems Al2O3-SiO2-H2O and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O.The calculations indicate that the reactions laumontite+CO2=calcite+kaolinite+2 quartz+2H2O (1) and laumontite+calcite=prehnite+quartz+3H2O+CO2 (3) in the system CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2-H2O, are in equilibrium with an H2O-CO2 fluid phase having
-0.0075 for P
fluid=P
total=2000 bars.These calculations limit the stability of zeolite assemblages to low p CO2.Using the above reactions as model equilibria, several probelms of p CO2 in low grade metamorphism are discussed. (a) the problem of producing zeolitic minerals from metasedimentary assemblages of carbonate, clay mineral, quartz. (b) the significance of calcite (or aragonite) associated with zeolite (or lawsonite) in low grade metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration. (c) the reaction of zeolites (or lawsonite) with calcite (or aragonite) to produce dense Ca-Al-hydrosilicates (eg. prehnite, zoisite, grossular). 相似文献
7.
Hydrothermal investigation of the bulk composition CaO.Al2O3.4SiO2+excessH2O has been conducted using conventional techniques over thetemperature ranges 200–450 °C and 500–6000 barsPfluid. A number of reactions have been studied by employingmineral mixtures consisting of reactants and products in about9: 1 and 1: 9 ratios. The phase relations were deduced fromrelatively long experiments by observing which seeded assemblagedisappeared or decreased markedly in one of the paired run charges. Laumontite was synthesized in the laboratory, probably for thefirst time. Laumontite was grown from seeded wairakite to over99 per cent using a weak NaCl solution. The refractive indicesof the synthetic material are about = 1.504 and = 1.514. Theaverage unit cell dimensions are a0 = 14.761±0.005 Å;b0 = 13.077±0.005 Å; c0 = 7.561±0.003 Å;and ß = 112.02°±0.04°. Within the errorof measurement, the optical properties and cell parameters arein good agreement with those of natural laumontite. The equilibriumdehydration of laumontite involves two reactions: (1) laumontite= wairakite+2H2O, passing through about 230 °C at 0.5 kb,255±5 °C at 1 kb, 282±5 °C at 2 kb, 297±5°C at 3 kb and 325±5 °C at 6 kb; and (2) laumontite= lawsonite+2 quartz+2H2O, taking place at about 210 °Cat 3 kb and 275 °C at 3.2 kb. Above 300 °C, the equilibriumcurve for the solid-solid reaction (3) lawsonite+2 quartz =wairakite passes through 305 °C, 3.4 kb and 390 °C,4.4 kb. Equilibrium has been demonstrated unambiguously forthe above three reactions. The hydrothermal decomposition ofnatural laumontite above its own stability limit appears tobe a very slow process. Combined with previously published equilibria determined hydrothermallyfor wairakite, the phase relations are further investigatedby chemographic analysis interrelating the phases, laumontite,wairakite, lawsonite, anorthite, prehnite+kaolinite, and 2 pumpellyite+kaolinitein the system CaAl2Si2O8-SiO2-H2O. This synthesis allowed theconstruction of a semiquantitative petrogenetic grid applicableto natural parageneses and the delineation of the physical conditionsfor the various low-grade metamorphic facies in low µCO2environments. The similar stratigraphic zonations, consistentlyfound in a variety of environments, are recognized to be a functionof burial depth, geothermal gradient, and mineralogical andchemical composition of the parental rocks. Departures fromthe normal sequences are believed to be due to the combinationsof mineralogical variations, availability of H2O, differencesin the ratio µCO2/µH2O, and the rate of reaction.The possible P-T boundaries for diagenesis, the zeolite facies,the lawsonite-albite facies, the prehnite-pumpellyite facies,and the adjacent metamorphic facies are illustrated diagrammatically. 相似文献
8.
9.
W. Johannes 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1967,15(3):233-250
The equilibrium data (temperatures and CO2 content of the fluid phase) were de termined under a total pressurePf = 2 kb for the following bivariant reactions in the four components system MgO-SiO2 H2O-CO2:
- a)2 forsterite + 2 H2O + 1 CO2 ? 1 serpentine + 1 magnesite 相似文献
10.
Gas adsorption isotherms of Akabira coals were established for pure carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2). Experimental data fit well into the Langmuir model. The ratio of sorption capacity of CO2, CH4, and N2 is 8.5:3.5:1 at a lower pressure (1.2 MPa) regime and becomes 5.5:2:1 when gas pressure increases to 6.0 MPa. The difference in sorption capacity of these three gases is explained by differences in the density of the three gases with increasing pressure. A coal–methane system partially saturated with CH4 at 2.4 MPa adsorption pressure was experimentally studied. Desorption behavior of CH4 by injecting pure CO2 (at 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 MPa), and by injecting the CO2–N2 mixture and pure N2 (at 3.0 and 6.0 MPa) were evaluated. Results indicate that the preferential sorption property of coal for CO2 is significantly higher than that for CH4 or N2. CO2 injection can displace almost all of the CH4 adsorbed on coal. When modeling the CH4–CO2 binary and CH2–CO2–N2 ternary adsorption system by using the extended Langmuir (EL) equation, the EL model always over-predicted the sorbed CO2 value with a lower error, while under-predicting the sorbed CH4 with a higher error. A part of CO2 may dissolve into the solid organic structure of coal, besides its competitive adsorption with other gases. According to this explanation, the EL coefficients of CO2 in EL equation were revised. The revised EL model proved to be very accurate in predicting sorbed ratio of multi-component gases on coals. 相似文献
11.
Sreejesh Nair Lotfollah Karimzadeh Broder J. Merkel 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3507-3512
Migration of uranium and arsenic in aquatic environments is often controlled by sorption on minerals present along the water flow path. To investigate the sorption behaviour, batch experiments were conducted for uranium and arsenic as single components and also solutions containing both uranium and arsenic in the presence of SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and FeOOH at a pH ranging from 3 to 9. In solutions containing only U(VI) or As(V) with the minerals, the sorption of U(VI) was low at acidic pH range and increases with increasing pH, whereas As(V) showed opposite sorption behaviour to Al2O3, TiO2 and FeOOH from acidic pH range to alkaline condition. For the As(V)–SiO2 system, the sorption was low for almost all pH. Sorption of U(VI) and As(V) on SiO2 and FeOOH is almost similar in solutions containing either U(VI) or As(V) separately, or both together. In the U(VI)–As(V)–Al2O3 system, a significant retardation in uranyl sorption and an enhancement in arsenate sorption on Al2O3 were observed for a wide range of pH. The sorption behaviour of U(VI) and As(V) was changed when Al2O3 was replaced by TiO2, where an increase in sorption was observed for both elements. The sorption behaviour of uranyl and arsenate in the U(VI)–As(V)–TiO2 system gives evidence for the formation of uranyl–arsenate complexes. The change in sorption retardation/enhancement of U(VI) and As(V) could be explained by the formation of uranyl–arsenate complexes or due to the competitive sorption between uranyl and arsenate species. 相似文献
12.
Ankam Durga Prasad Lori Rastogi Shanmugam Thangavel Kulamani Dash 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2023,47(2):403-413
An acid assisted microwave-based method for the complete dissolution of bauxite using mixture of H2SO4, H3PO4 and HF acids in a single step was developed for the determination of various analytes (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, Cr2O3, MgO, MnO and V2O5) using ICP-AES. The method was validated with respect to ruggedness, linearity, trueness, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), working range and measurement uncertainties by analysing a bauxite reference material (Alcan BXT-12) and four certified reference materials (IPT-131, BXBA-4, NIST SRM 600, NIST SRM 697). The expanded uncertainties obtained for Al2O3 (40.0%), Fe2O3 (17.0%), SiO2 (20.3%), TiO2 (1.31%), Cr2O3 (0.024%), MgO (0.05), MnO (0.013), and V2O5 (0.60%), were 0.80, 0.40, 0.50, 0.033, 0.0008, 0.002, 0.0007 and 0.002 respectively, which are fit for the intended use to characterise bauxite. The developed method was also evaluated through participation in an interlaboratory comparison exercise organised by the Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC), Nagpur, India, using bauxite sample (BXT-JNA), with satisfactory z-scores achieved. 相似文献
13.
David M. Harris Alfred T. Anderson Jr. 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,87(2):120-128
The products of the 1974 eruption of Fuego, a subduction zone volcano in Guatemala, have been investigated through study of
silicate melt inclusions in olivine. The melt inclusions sampled liquids in regions where olivine, plagioclase, magnetite,
and augite were precipitating. Comparisons of the erupted ash, groundmass, and melt inclusion compositions suggest that the
inclusions represent samples of liquids present in a thermal boundary layer of the magma body. The concentrations of H2O and CO2 in glass inclusions were determined by a vacuum fusion manometric technique using individual olivine crystals (Fo77 to Fo71)
with glass inclusion compositions that ranged from high-alumina basalt to basaltic andesite. Water, Cl, and K2O concentrations increased by a factor of two as the olivine crystals became more iron-rich (Fo77 to Fo71) and as the glass
inclusions increased in SiO2 from 51 to 54 wt.% SiO2. The concentration of H2O in the melt increased from 1.6 wt.% in the least differentiated liquid to about 3.5% in a more differentiated liquid. Carbon
dioxide is about an order of magnitude less abundant than H2O in these inclusions. The gas saturation pressures for pure H2O in equilibrium with the melt inclusions, which were calculated from the glass inclusion compositions using the solubility
model of Burnham (1979), are given approximately by P(H2O)(Pa)=(SiO2−48.5 wt.%) × 1.45 × 107. The concentrations of water in the melt and the gas saturation pressures increased from about 1.5% to 3.5% and from 300
to 850 bars, respectively, during pre-eruption crystallization. 相似文献
14.
15.
克因布拉克铜锌矿床位于新疆阿尔泰山南缘冲乎尔盆地。矿体主要赋存于早二叠世花岗岩外接触带的下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组内。克因布拉克矿床经历了两个成矿期:海相火山喷流沉积成矿期和变质热液叠加成矿期。变质热液叠加成矿期可包括2个阶段:早阶段顺层透镜状石英脉(Q1)和晚阶段切层含黄铁矿?黄铜矿石英脉(Q2)。石英脉中流体包裹体以富CO_2-N_2为特征,流体包裹体组合(FIA)发育。流体包裹体类型包括CO_2-N_2包裹体、H_2O-CO_2(±N_2)包裹体和水溶液包裹体(L-V型)。显微测温结果显示,Q1中CO_2-N_2包裹体三相点温度(T_(m,CO_2))范围在-61.2~-59.1℃,部分均一温度(T_(h,CO2))的范围是-42.3~-36.0℃。Q2中CO_2-N_2流体包裹体的T_(m,CO_2)为-61.6~-58.1℃,T_(h,CO_2)范围是-30.0~10.4℃;Q2中H_2O-CO_2(±N_2)包裹体的T_(m,CO_2)为-61.4~-58.1℃,T_(h,CO_2)为-11.9~5.3℃,CO_2笼合物融化温度(T_(m,clath))范围是2.9~13.1℃,完全均一温度(T_(h,total))为312℃,伴生的L-V包裹体T_(h,total)为201~389℃,求得CO_2相密度为0.91~0.97 g/cm~3,盐度为1.62%~12.02%NaCl_(eqv)。计算得到流体包裹体的最低捕获压力范围为250~320 MPa,具有极富CO_2-N_2、低盐度的特点,属于变质流体。变质热液期早阶段石英脉δD值为-90.5‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为7.8‰;晚阶段石英脉δD值为-82.1‰~-80.4‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为6.2‰~8.6‰。海相火山沉积期硫化物的δ~(34)S为0.9‰~2.1‰,硫来自火山岩浆活动;变质热液叠加期硫化物的δ~(34)S为0.1‰~1.1‰,显示了与造山变质深源流体有关的来源。克因布拉克铜锌矿床矿石变形变质结构特征以及石英脉中富CO_2-N_2流体的大量出现,说明变质流体对矿床具有一定的叠加改造,矿床具有多阶段的特点。 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》1994,9(1):53-63
The measurement of concentrations of volatile species in soil gases has potential for use in geochemical exploration for concealed ore deposits and for monitoring of subsurface contaminants. However, the interpretation of anomalies in surficial gases can be difficult because soil-gas concentrations are dependent on both meteorological and environmental conditions.For this study, concentrations of He, CO2, O2 and N2 and meteorological conditions were monitored for 10–14 months at eight nonmineralized sites in both humid and dry environments. Gases were collected at 0.6–0.7-m depth at seven sites. At one site, gases were collected from 0.3-, 0.6-, 1.2-, and 2.0-m depths; diurnal monitoring studies were conducted at this site also. Rain and snowfall, soil and air temperatures, barometric pressure, and relative humidity were monitored at all the sites. The sand, silt and clay content, and the organic carbon content of surficial soil were measured at each site.Meteorological conditions generally affected He and CO2 concentrations in the same way at all the sites; however, these effects were modified by local environmental conditions. Both seasonal and diurnal concentration changes occurred. The most important seasonal concentration changes were related to rain and snowfall and soil and air temperatures. Seasonal changes tended to be larger then the diurnal changes, but both could be related to the same processes. Local conditions of soil type and organic content affected the amount of pore space and moisture present in the soil and therefore the soil-gas concentrations. 相似文献
17.
Zolotarev Andrey A. Zhitova Elena S. Gabdrakhmanova Faina A. Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. Zolotarev Anatoly A. Krivovichev Sergey V. 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,111(6):843-851
Mineralogy and Petrology - The crystal structure of batisite, Na2BaTi2 (Si4O12)O2, from the Inagli massif (Aldan, Yakutia, Russia) was refined to R 1 = 0.032 for 1449 unique... 相似文献
18.
《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1997,61(24):5279-5293
The Gibbs free energies of formation of RuO 2, OsO 2 and IrO 2 have been determined by measuring the chemical potentials of oxygen (μO 2) defined by the reactions M +O 2 = MO 2,whereM =Ru, Os. or Ir, using an electrochemical method with calcia-stabilized zirconia (CSZ) solid electrolytes. Measurements were attempted in the temperature ranges from ∼870 K to 1620, 1270, and 1415 K for the Ru, Os, and Ir equilibria, respectively, but inspection of the results reveals that equilibrium could not be established below ∼930 K for all three reactions. For Ru + RuO 2, the highest temperature data (above 1520 K) may be systematically affected by the onset of significant electronic conduction in the CSZ electrolyte, while the attempted measurements of the Os + OsO 2 equilibrium above 1190 K are obscured by the disproportionation of OsO 2 to gaseous Os oxides.The high temperature heat capacities at constant pressure (Cp) of RuO 2 and IrO 2 were determined from 370 to 1070 K by differential scanning calorimetry. These data were combined with heat content measurements and low-temperature heat capacities from the literature, and fitted to an extended Maier-Kelley equation. The calorimetric data for RuO 2 and IrO 2, together with assessed data for Ru, Os, and Ir metals and estimated data for OsO 2, were used in a third law analysis of the electrochemical measurements.The values of μO 2 of the three equilibria were smoothed and filtered by the third-law analysis to yield the following equations which can be extrapolated to lower and higher temperatures as indicated: μO 2 (Ru + RuO 2) = −324563 + 344.151 T−22.1155 TlnT (700 ⩽ T ⩽ 1800) μO 2 (Os + OsO 2) = −300399 + 307.639 T−17.4819 TlnT (700 ⩽ T ⩽ 1500) μO 2 (Ir + IrO 2) = −256518 + 295.854 T−15.2368 TlnT (700 ⩽ T ⩽ 1500) where μO 2 is in J mol −1, T is in K, the reference pressure for O 2 is 1 bar (10 5 Pa), and estimated accuracies are approximately 200 to 400 J mol −1. For Ru + RuO 2, the drift in the measurements relative to the calorimetric data deduced from the third-law evaluation is 0.7 J K −1 mol −1, and for Ir + IrO 2 is 1.6 J K −1 mol −1. The analogous third-law evaluation of the Os + OsO 2 data gives S° 298K = 54.8 ± 0.7J K −1mol −1 and Δ /tfH° 298K = −291.8 ± 0.6 kJ mol −1 for OsO 2. 相似文献
19.
20.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(4-6):439-456
We present petrographic and geochemical data on representative samples of the Devonian adakite, boninite, low-TiO2 and high-TiO2 basalts and associated rocks in the southern Altay areas, Xinjiang, NW China. These volcanic rocks mostly occur as tectonic blocks within suture zones between the Siberian and Junggar plates. Adakite occurs in the Suoerkuduke area ca. 40 km south of Fuyun, and actually represents a poorly-sorted massive volcaniclastic deposit, mostly consisting of a suite of hornblende andesite to pyroxene andesite. The geochemical features of the adakite suggest its generation by melting of subducted oceanic crust. Boninite occurs in the Saerbulake area ca. 20 km southwest of Fuyun, as pillowed lava or pillowed breccia. It is associated with high-TiO2 basalt/gabbro and low-TiO2 basalt. The boninites are metamorphosed, but contain relict clinopyroxene with Mg# (=100*Mg/(Mg+Fe)) of 90–92, and Cr2O3 contents of 0.5–0.7 wt% and chromian spinel with Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio of 0.84. The bulk rock compositions of the boninites are characterized by low and U-shaped REE with variable La/Yb ratios. They are classified as high-Ca boninite. The Cr-rich cpx phenocryst and Chromian spinel suggests that the boninites were formed by melting of mildly refractory mantle peridotite fluxed by a slab-derived fluid component under normal mantle potential temperature conditions. Basaltic rocks occur as massive flows, pillowed lavas, tuff breccia, lapilli tuff and blocks in tectonic mélanges. Together with gabbros, the basaltic rocks are classified into high-TiO2 (>1.7 wt%) and low-TiO2 (<1.5 wt%) types. They show variable trace element compositions, from MORB-type through transitional back-arc basin basalt to arc tholeiite, or within plate alkalic basalt. A notable feature of the Devonian formations in the southern Altay is the juxtaposition of volcanic rocks of various origins even within a limited area; i.e. the adakite and the boninites are associated with high-TiO2 and low-TiO2 basalts and/or gabbros, respectively. This is most likely produced by complex accretion and tectonic processes during the convergence in the Devonian–Carboniferous paleo-Asian Ocean between the Siberian and Junggar plates. 相似文献