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1.
菲律宾海的锰结壳和锰结核 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
西马里亚纳海盆和菲律宾海盆发育的锰结核是典型的深海结核。其丰度为0～15kg/m2,平均为3.5kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.59%,最大含量为0.93%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.73.九州帛琉海脊和中央海脊发育的锰结壳和锰结核十分丰富。采集到的大块结壳表面直径可达到300～500mm,最大厚度为32～35mm,采集到的结核最大丰度可达到18.7kg/m2,Ni+Cu+Co的平均含量为0.62%,Co的含量最大为0.57%,平均Mn/Fe值为0.95.上述海盆和海脊上的结核和结壳主要锰矿物相均为水羟锰矿,属水成成因和较低的氧化生成条件,结核的形成时代为更新世以来。据结核和结壳的金属品位,尤其是Co的含量来看,目前尚不具经济潜力。 相似文献
2.
本文根据1983年锰结核调查航次中所取得的结核样品资料,探讨了各种形态锰结核中Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni等金属含量,认为锰结核表面特征对于其金属含量的影响较之锰结核形状差别的影响更加重要,粗糙型结核或结核的粗糙面中Mn、Cu、Ni含量较高,而光滑型结核或结核的光滑面中Co、Fe较富。此外,还探讨了金属成分和矿物成分的联系。 相似文献
3.
多金属结核化学成分组成的差异能够反映其赋存环境的差异与变化,也能够指示结核的成因.利用ICP-MS方法分析了分布于南海西北陆缘、太平洋、印度洋等不同区域的多金属结核样品的地球化学组成,并对其特征进行了对比.研究数据显示,南海西北陆缘多金属结核富Fe、Si、REE,而Mn、Co、Cu、Ni含量低于大洋结核,轻稀土元素(LREE)更为富集.依据结核TMn/TFe的比值特征以及w(Mn)-w(Fe)-w(Cu Ni)三组特征显示,南海结核和太平洋海山结核符合水成成因,太平洋海盆结核属成岩成因,印度洋结核具有成岩和水成双重成因.与太平洋、印度洋等大洋型结核不同,南海结核元素组成中,标识陆源物质来源的Fe、Si、REE、Al等元素含量丰富,具有典型的边缘海特征,反映了南海结核成长发育的过程中,边缘海独特的沉积条件和多变的古海洋环境因素对其产生了重要的影响. 相似文献
4.
多金属结核化学成分组成的差异能够反映其赋存环境的差异与变化，也能够指示结核的成因。利用ICP—MS方法分析了分布于南海西北陆缘、太平洋、印度洋等不同区域的多金属结核样品的地球化学组成，并对其特征进行了对比。研究数据显示，南海西北陆缘多金属结核富Fe、Si、REE，而Mn、Co、Cu、Ni含量低于大洋结核，轻稀土元素（LREE）更为富集。依据结核TMn／TFe的比值特征以及w（Mn）-w（Fe）-w（Cu＋Ni）三组特征显示，南海结核和太平洋海山结核符合水成成因，太平洋海盆结核属成岩成因，印度洋结核具有成岩和水成双重成因。与太平洋、印度洋等大洋型结核不同，南海结核元素组成中，标识陆源物质来源的Fe、Si、REE、Al等元素含量丰富，具有典型的边缘海特征，反映了南海结核成长发育的过程中，边缘海独特的沉积条件和多变的古海洋环境因素对其产生了重要的影响。 相似文献
5.
西太平洋深海盆地同时发育多金属结核和富稀土沉积物,但针对多金属结核及其表层沉积物之间关系的研究较少。通过多金属结核-表层沉积物地球化学分析,揭示关键金属元素在结核、沉积物中的富集和分馏过程,探讨沉积过程与环境对多金属结核生长的影响。研究区多金属结核具有相对高的Co、REY含量,低的Mn/Fe比值,显示为典型的水成成因。主成分分析及相关性分析结果指示结核的成矿过程是在水成作用、成岩作用以及陆地碎屑、生物碎屑输入的作用下,Fe-Mn氧化物对海水及孔隙水中各类金属元素的选择性富集。研究区表层沉积物主要为深海黏土,相较于多金属结核富集大部分金属元素,深海黏土更为富集Si、Al、Na、K等元素。沉积物中Co、Ni、Cu等金属元素的富集与Fe-Mn微结核的含量相关,而REY与磷酸盐组分更为密切。Fe-Mn氧化物组分对海水中金属元素选择性吸附形成多元素的富集及显著的Ce正异常、Y负异常,而磷酸盐组分主要继承海水的稀土特征,它们的含量决定了沉积物中金属元素及稀土元素的含量和模式。结核及沉积物在关键元素富集的过程中有相似的过程,Fe-Mn氧化物组分是二者元素富集过程的载体。研究区的低生物生产力和低沉积速... 相似文献
6.
本文测定了中太平北部锰结核及其伴生沉积物Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Pb和Zn等金属的含量,分析了各元素之间以及它们与沉积环境之间的相互关系.发现锰结核中Cu,Ni和Zn富集于Mn相,Co平Pb富集于Fe相.同相各元素之间有很好的正相关,不同相各元素之间有一定的负相关.Fe相元素可能主要来源于海水的缓慢沉积,Mn相元素可能来源于间隙水. 相似文献
7.
对大洋27航次在西太平洋马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊获取的3个多金属氧化物样品进行了X射线矿物衍射分析、穆斯堡尔谱分析及地球化学元素分析,研究其矿物、地球化学特征差异。结果表明,所取样品处于多金属氧化物发育的初始阶段,具有独特的矿物地球化学特征:(1)相较于太平洋CC区及中太平洋海盆获取的多金属结核样品,本研究样品的矿物组成中含有异常高的石英、斜长石以及黏土矿物,而水羟锰矿和钙锰矿含量较低。(2)样品中铁相矿物主要为正方针铁矿(91.6%),另含少量纤铁矿(8.4%),推测是纤铁矿向更加稳定的正方针铁矿衍变的结果。(3)由于样品中深海黏土组分以及氧化物核心物质的混入,加上吸附金属氧化物时间较短,导致SiO2和Al2O3含量均高于正常结核,而Fe、Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等其余金属元素含量较低。(4)由于形成时间较短,样品中稀土元素含量相对较低,ΣREE仅约为0.4×10-3(一般太平洋CC区及中太平洋结核中稀土含量均大于1.0×10-3);加之海水氧化还原作用的降低以及研究区海底热液活动的影响,Ce元素未表现出多金属结核中常见的正异常。 相似文献
8.
南海铁锰结核(壳)的元素地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用南海11个铁锰结核(壳)样品的化学分析资料,研究了铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cr,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Si,P,Al,Ti,Sr,Ba及∑REE的元素地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)铁锰结核(壳)以高Fe,∑REE,低Mn,Cu,Co,Ni等元素为主要特征;(2)铁锰结核(壳)中Fe,Mn间无明显相关,而Fe与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈弱的正相关,Mn与∑REE,∑Ce,∑Y呈明显的正相关,结壳中Fe,Mn与Si,Al,Cu Co Ni呈负相关;(3)结核(壳)中Mn/Fe与Cu/Ni,Ce/La呈负相关,Mn/Fe主要受Mn控制;(4)结核(壳)中Fe,∑REE等元素主要来自南海陆源中酸性岩类的风化、淋滤和沉积。 相似文献
9.
选择了东太平洋赤道附近的系列成岩型铁锰结核(壳)样品,根据其中的矿物相的种类,利用化学上的相分析手段——选择性提取实验,借助晶体化学和矿物学手段对过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni、Ti和碱土金属元素Mg在成岩型铁锰结核中的地球化学特征进行了研究。结果显示,元素Cu、Co、Ni、Ti和Mg等元素在成岩型铁锰结核中的富集受这些元素在海水中的存在状态和结核中组成矿物这两方面因素的制约。成岩型结核中10-水锰矿结构的稳定性并不完全是由于其充分吸收了Cu、Co、Ni等过渡金属元素,碱土金属Mg对于10-水锰矿结构的稳定性起到了重要作用。 相似文献
10.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(5)
2014年6月在长江口及其邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,用连续提取法对Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe金属元素的赋存形态进行分离,即分作可交换态(EXC)、碳酸盐结合态(CARB)、铁锰氧化物结合态(ERO)、有机结合态(OSM)和残渣态(RES)并测定了含量。结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中的Cr主要赋存在OSM态中,Mn主要赋存在CARB态中,Ni在OSM态和ERO态含量相当,Co、Cu、Zn、Al和Fe元素主要赋存在ERO态中。长江口及其邻近海域D断面表层沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Mn和Fe元素的非残渣态含量随着离岸距离的增加而逐渐降低。ERO态金属元素随着沉积物中铁锰水合氧化物的含量的升高而增加,且ERO-Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al与铁锰水合氧化物含量之间有较好的相关性,说明这些金属元素受到铁锰水合氧化物的影响。各金属元素非残渣态总量与ERO-Fe含量之间相关性也较好,说明各元素非残渣态受控于其各自主要的赋存形态。 相似文献
11.
The contents of Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in manganese nodules and associated pelagic sediment from the Northern Central Pacific have been measured, and the correlations between the elements of the nodules and between the chemical composition and the sedimentary environments have been analyzed. It has been found that Cu, Ni and Zn are preferentially enriched in the Mn-oxide phases while Co and Pb in the Fe-oxide phases of the nodules. The elements within the same phase are positively correlated and the elements within different phases are negatively correlated. It is concluded that the elements in the Fe-oxide phase may have directly deposited from seawater while Mn-oxide phase elements are mainly derived from interstitial waters. 相似文献
12.
J. N. Pattan G. Parthiban Ankeeta Amonkar Sufiyan A. Shaikh S. Jai Sankar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(8):1147-1157
Thirty-three bulk ferromanganese nodules from the sediment–water interface of siliceous sediment domain from the Central Indian Ocean Basin were analyzed for 50 elements including 6 new (Be, As, Se, Sn, Sb, and Bi) using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer. The Mn/Fe ratio and triangular plot (Fe-Mn-{Cu+Ni+Co?×?10}) suggest that ferromanganese nodules are of hydrogenetic, early diagenetic, and diagenetic origin. In the ferromanganese nodules, Mo, Sb, Bi, and As are highly enriched ～320, 160, 90, and 50 times compared with upper continental crust, respectively. A majority of the elements such as Be, Sc, Ti, V, Co, As, Se, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, rare earth elements (REEs), Pb, Bi, P, Th, U, Hf, and Ta are associated with Fe, whereas, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, Li, Ga, Sb, Mg, and Cs are associated with Mn in the ferromanganese nodules. Redox proxies such as U/Th (0.14) and Mo/Mn (0.0019) ratio in the ferromanganese nodules suggest their formation under oxic conditions. 相似文献
13.
Manganese nodule distribution is primarily influenced by seafloor topography. Nodule distribution at 479 locations vis‐à‐vis seabed topography is studied by superimposing sampling location on the topographic profile and assigning appropriate domain (hilltop, valley, slope, or plain) for the sampling location. Highest mean abundance is observed at the valleys (6.94 kg /m2), followed by hilltops, slopes, and least on plains. Frequency distributions are regular (Gaussian) on plains, whereas on valleys and hilltops they are irregular (Rayleigh type). Fe and Co content is highest in nodules from hilltops and lowest in those from plains. Conversely, Mn, Cu, and Ni content is highest on plains and least on valleys. Fe: Mn and Co: Mn are negatively correlated in all the domains. Mn and total metal content (Ni + Cu + Co) show direct relationship in all the domains. An inverse relation between nodule abundance and composition is found. Cluster analysis on chemical and abundance data shows two distinct groups in all domains. Abundance and Fe and Co content typically form one group, while all other elements form another group. Genesis of nodules depends on the availability of supply of transition elements to the abyssal environment, maintenance of nodules in the sediment‐water interface, and sedimentation rates. 相似文献
14.
The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn in the seaiment associated with manganese nodules from the Northern Central Pacific Ocean and in their acid-soluble fractions were determined and correlations among the elements and between the trace metals and environmental parameters were discussed. It has been found that the contents of Mn, Cu and Ni in the sediment are one order of magnitude higher than those in the common sediment. As shown in the manganese nodules, they may mainly derive from seabed. The contents of all trace metals in the sediment are obviously governed by Fe-and Mn-oxides, organic matter, seawater depth, particle size and Eh. Multi-element correlation equations were developed for all trace metals. The trace metals in acid-soluble fraction of the sediment were also much higher than ihose of common sediment and negatively correlated with water depth, implying the possible influence of carbonate speciation. 相似文献
15.
The major and minor element compositions of a suite of abyssal sea-floor ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the eastern central Pacific have been used to examine inter-element relationships and the mineralogy of the nodules, the relationship between the composition of nodules and their associated sediments and regional variations in composition with respect to likely modes of formation of such deposits. Apart from Mn and Fe, significant proportions of the total Ti, Ca, Mg, K, Ba, Sr, Th and Y and almost all the P, As, Ce, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr are present in the oxide fractions of the nodules. The Mg, Ba, Cu, Mo, Ni and Zn contents are significantly correlated with the Mn content, while Ti, P, As, Pb, Sr, Y and Zr are similarly correlated with the total Fe content.Nodules from the northeastern tropical Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios higher than those in the oxide fractions of their associated sediments, todorokite as the principal Mn phase and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Mn. Nodules from the south central Pacific have Mn/Fe ratios similar to those in the oxide fractions of the associated sediments, δ-MnO2 as the only Mn-phase, and relatively high concentrations of minor elements associated with Fe. There appears to be a smooth gradation in composition in the tropical Pacific between these two end members.The regional compositional variation is interpreted as a reflection of different sources of metals for, and different growth mechanisms of, sea-floor nodules. The oxide precipitate from sea water consists of δ-MnO2, has a relatively low Mn/Fe ratio and minor element contents related to the total Fe and Mn(δ-MnO2) content. The oxide precipitate forming in areas of very low sedimentation as a result of diagenetic remobilisation in the surface sediment consists of todorokite, and has a high Mn/Fe ratio and enhanced metal content in the Mn-(todorokite)phase. Available information on the morphology and compositional variation of individual nodules from the tropical Pacific corroborates these contrasting metal sources and suggests that they can be resolved on the scale of an individual oxide concretion. 相似文献
16.
冲绳海槽北端表层沉积物过渡元素地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用原子吸收和等离子发射光谱等方法,对冲绳海槽北端184个表层沉积物中的Al和过渡元素(Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Zr)进行了化学分析。结果表明,由于受生源碎屑稀释作用的影响,过渡元素在陆架砂质区含量较低,其分布呈北西-南东向舌状延伸;由于细粒组分的增加,在陆架细粒沉积区和海槽区过渡元素含量较高。Mn主要在海槽区富集,在陆架和陆坡区变化不大。除了Mn之外,Al和其他过渡元素均呈明显正相关。Al/Ti比值与陆壳平均值接近,说明二者主要来源于陆源碎屑。Mn/Fe比值与邻近海区沉积物类似,但在陆架区CaO含量大于20%的沉积物和海槽区沉积物中相对较高,这分别是生物富集作用和自生沉积的结果。过渡元素富集因子分析结果表明,研究区过渡元素部分来自于黄河、部分来自于长江物质。 相似文献
17.
本文研究了盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacilluscampisalis)与大洋铁锰结核的相互作用过程,以及海洋微生物在铁锰结核形成中的作用。实验选取从深海沉积物中分离培养的盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacillus campisalis)和大洋铁锰结核样品进行相互作用实验,设置有菌组和无菌组,培养过程中间隔取样分析。运用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析测定大洋铁锰结核元素组成,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定反应过程中Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu等离子浓度的变化,通过透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察并分析微生物表面情况,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析手段测定铁锰结核矿物组成的变化。实验进行1天内细菌处于对数生长期,有菌组的Fe、Mn等离子浓度增加; 2—7天内细菌处于稳定期, Fe、Mn等离子浓度有一定程度降低,但总体浓度均大于无菌组的离子浓度,金属离子被吸附在菌体表面,新形成了简单的含Fe化合物和矿物;实验结束后,XRD分析结果显示样品的矿物含量,如菱铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿等有轻微程度的增加。研究表明盐场海芽孢杆菌(Marinibacilluscampisalis)能够促进释放铁锰结核中的Fe、Mn等元素,同时对释放出的金属离子又有富集作用,并能够诱导新矿物的形成。本研究为深入了解铁锰结核的生物成因提供了新的依据。 相似文献
18.
A sampling expedition has shown that largely hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese deposits occur in the Christmas Island region south of Java (~10°S), as small nodules on seamount slopes and abyssal plains (red clay), and as thick crusts on volcanic ridges and seamounts. Vernadite is dominant, with birnessite, jacobsite and todorokite common. Nodules were recovered in 25% of free-fall grab stations in water 4600-5900 m deep, and are not abundant where present. The nodules average 9.6% Fe, 19.7% Mn, 0.51% Ni, 0.49% Cu, and 0.12% Co. Crusts are common in water 1450-3700 m deep, with average deposition rates of 1-1.5 mm / m.y. The crusts average 13.9% Fe, 16.2% Mn, 0.35% Ni, 0.11% Cu, and 0.44% Co. Cobalt grades are higher (~0.8%) in shallower water ( < 2500 m), so future exploration should concentrate on depths of 500-1500 m near the oxygen minimum zone. 相似文献