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1.
Automated derivation and spatio-temporal analysis of landslide properties in southern Kyrgyzstan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Darya Golovko Sigrid Roessner Robert Behling Birgit Kleinschmit 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(3):1461-1488
The study area located in southern Kyrgyzstan is affected by high and ongoing landslide activity. To characterize this activity, a multi-temporal landslide inventory containing over 2800 landslide polygons was generated from multiple data sources. The latter include the results of automated landslide detection from multi-temporal satellite imagery. The polygonal representation of the landslides allows for characterization of the landslide geometry and determination of further landslide attributes in a way that accounts for the diversity of conditions within the landslide, e.g., at the landslide main scarp opposed to its toe. To perform such analyses, a methodology for efficient geographic information system (GIS)-based attribute derivation was developed, which includes both standard and customized GIS tools. We derived a number of landslide attributes, including area, length, compactness, slope, aspect, distance to stream and geology. The distributions of these attributes were analyzed to obtain a better understanding of landslide properties in the study area as a preliminary step for probabilistic landslide hazard assessment. The obtained spatial and temporal attribute variations were linked to differences in the environmental characteristics within the study area, in which the geological setting proved to be the most important differentiating factor. Moreover, a significant influence of the different data sources on the distribution of the landslide attribute values was found, indicating the importance of a critical evaluation of the landslide data to be used in landslide hazard assessments. 相似文献
2.
Among the disasters facing Taiwan, earthquakes and typhoons incur the greatest monetary losses, and landslide disasters inflict the greatest damage in mountainous areas. The nationwide landslide susceptibility map gives an indication of where landslides are likely to occur in the future; however, there is no objective index indicating the location of landslide hotspots. In this study, we used statistical analysis to locate landslide hotspots in catchments in Taiwan. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed the existence of landslide clusters between 2003 and 2012 and identified a concentration of landslide hotspots in the eastern part of Central Taiwan. The extreme rainfall brought by typhoon Morakot also led to the formation of new landslide hotspots in Southern Taiwan. This study provides a valuable reference explaining changes in landslide hotspots and identifying areas of high hotspot concentration to facilitate the formulation of strategies to deal with landslide risk. 相似文献
3.
经对贵州省水城县蟠龙煤矿的地质勘探,发现矿区内存在较为典型的崩塌式古滑坡。从地形地貌、地层岩性、构造和水文等方面阐述了滑坡形成的地质环境背景;并从滑坡体的规模、形态、结构和物质来源方面分析了滑坡的特征。研究认为:区内断层形成于滑坡之前,是滑坡形成的前期条件,地形地貌、水文等条件为主要诱发因素;滑坡形成过程可以分为两个阶段,第一阶段为崩塌的形成,第二阶段为滑坡的发生阶段。依据矿井排水、大气降水和采矿活动等方面分析得出滑坡存在复活的可能性,并以深层蠕动变形为主。从而为以后滑坡的治理、安全采矿提供了依据。 相似文献
4.
Mowen Xie Tetsuro Esaki Cheng Qiu Chunxiang Wang Zengfu Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(3):355-364
The slope failure and landslide hazard will possess the same properties within a range including the same engineering geological
conditions. To assess the landslide risk of a mountainous area, the study of landslides previously having occurred is very
important to evaluate the landslide risk around the area in which they took place. Based on the study of the mechanism of
a previous landslide recorded in Kumamoto, Japan, this study initially proposes mechanical parameters for evaluating the landslide
hazard using a 3D slope stability method. For each slope unit in the study area, the critical slip surface, which reveals
the minimum safety factor of a slope, can be obtained. The affected streams and range of possible landslide masses are analyzed
based on the debris flow simulation. This is initially applied to simulate the past landslide event and the result shows the
landslide-deduced debris flow effectively re-displayed. Overlayered with layers of infrastructure in Geographic Information
Systems (GIS), this risk map indicates which houses and road sections remain in dangerous areas. 相似文献
5.
甘南坪定-化马断裂是现今仍在活动的断裂,具左旋走滑性质。锁儿头滑坡沿坪定-化马断裂带发育,属典型的蠕滑型断裂带滑坡。野外调查及监测资料表明,锁儿头滑坡规模大,为巨型滑坡,其上发育多个次级小滑坡。滑坡体由断层破碎带、碎石土和堆积黄土组成。该滑坡变形强烈,拉张裂缝、剪张裂缝多见,目前处于蠕滑变形状态,是在内外动力耦合条件下形成的。活动断裂对滑坡的形成、发展起控制作用,而降雨则是滑坡复活的主要诱发因素。因此,对锁儿头滑坡成因机制的深入研究可为蠕滑型断裂带滑坡的预测防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
基于RS与GIS的层次分析法在滑坡危险性评估中的应用——以四川宣汉天台乡滑坡为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,采用多层次分析(AHP)法,以四川宣汉天台乡为研究区,根据该区实际情况,选取线性构造、道路、土地利用、坡度、坡向5种影响滑坡灾害发生的因素作为评价因子,进行区域滑坡危险性评估。在ArcGIS的空间分析环境中运行权重叠加,把研究区划分成滑坡极易发生区、易发生区、一般发生区、可能发生区、难发生区和极难发生区。通过实地调查和与研究区的滑坡灾害实证研究结果进行比较,发现评估结果与实际状况较为吻合,研究方法能够准确地评估区域滑坡灾害危险性的程度。 相似文献
7.
Jan Klimeš 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):913-925
Multi-temporal landslide occurrence information acquired through aerial photo interpretation and field mapping was used to assess occurrence frequencies on the slopes around the UNESCO cultural world heritage site of Machu Picchu, Peru. This showed that the coarse time resolution of the historical landslide information may lead to inaccurate interpretations regarding landslide occurrence frequencies in some parts of the study area. In addition, the assumption that the past landslide frequency can be used to describe the future landslide occurrence was not proved in the study area. Thereafter, unique conditional analyses were undertaken to assess landslide susceptibility using a limited number of preparatory factor maps. It showed that large majority of the Inca City is located on least susceptible areas within the region. The results of the susceptibility assessment combined with landslide occurrence frequencies may serve as a basis for the landslide hazard mitigation in the studied area. For these purposes, pixel-based susceptibility maps were generalized into expert-defined landslide management units. These units provide site managers with easily understandable and applicable hence reliable information about future landslide occurrences. An approach describing usage of the resulting susceptibility maps for onsite mitigation purposes was described with respect to the needs of Machu Picchu site managers. 相似文献
8.
Landslide susceptibility zonation in Greece 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
The objective of this study is to perform a preliminary national-scale assessment of the landslide susceptibility in Greece using a landslide inventory derived from historical archives. The effects of controlling factors on landslide susceptibility combined with multivariate statistics have been evaluated using GIS aided mapping techniques. Thousand six hundred thirty-five landslide occurrences, mainly earth slides obtained from Public Authorities archives, covering a long time period were recorded and digitally stored using a spatial relational database management system. Ten landslide predisposing factors (predictors) were identified, while digital thematic maps on the spatial distribution of those factors were generated. The correlation between the landslide locations and predictor classes was analyzed by using the Landslide Relative Frequency. R-mode factor analysis was applied to study the interrelations between predictors (independent variables) while weighting coefficients were determined. Landslide susceptibility was derived from an algorithm which modeled the influence of predictors, and a susceptibility map was compiled. The landslide susceptibility map was verified using a data set of 375 new landslide locations. It is the first comprehensive attempt to illustrate the landslide susceptibility in the total country based on the interpretation of historical data only. 相似文献
9.
Regional landslide susceptibility zoning with considering the aggregation of landslide points and the weights of factors 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
In this paper, we propose a methodology for landslide susceptibility assessment at a regional scale in Yunnan, southwestern province of China. A landslide inventory map including 3,242 landslide points was prepared for the study area. Five factors recognized as correlated to landslide (namely, lithology, relative relief, tectonic fault density, rainfall, and road density) were analyzed and mapped in geographic information system. An index expressing the correlation between each factor and landslides [called class landslide susceptibility index (CLSI)] was proposed in the study. While analyzing landslide distribution in a large area, point aggregation might be expected. To quantify the uncertainty caused by aggregation, class landslide aggregation index was proposed. To account for the importance of each of the factors in the landslide susceptibility assessment, some weights were calculated by means of analytic hierarchy process. We propose a weighted class landslide susceptibility model (WCLSM), obtained by the combination of CLSI values of each factor with the correspondent weight. WCLSM performance in the study area was evaluated comparing the results obtained by first modeling all landslides and then by performing a time partition. The model was run including only landslides that occurred before 2009 and then validated with respect to landslides that occurred after 2009. The prediction–rate curve shows that the WCLSM model provides a good prediction for the study area. Of the study area, 21.4 % shows very high and high susceptibility and includes the 87.7 % of the number of landslides that occurred after 2009. 相似文献
10.
孟家山黄土—红层接触面滑坡破坏机理研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文以天水市孟家山滑坡为例，分析了黄土－红层接触面滑坡的发育特征，运用相似材料物理模拟试验，研究了“坡体蠕动－后缘拉裂－滑带由中部向两侧发展－剪出口形成－坡体突滑”的变形破坏机理。 相似文献
11.
滑坡空间分布与形态特征能够反映滑坡发育程度, 为区域内滑坡灾害防治提供依据. 本研究以志丹县黄土滑坡为研究对象, 基于GIS空间分析选取最邻近指数与核密度估计分析志丹县滑坡空间分布规律, 通过统计分析的方法研究滑坡形态特征. 结果表明, 志丹县滑坡最邻近指数约为0.177, 在空间上呈聚集型分布; 核密度估计最大值出现在周河两岸的斜坡地带且呈带状分布, 具有多个高密度聚集区域; 滑坡面密度与点密度的计算结果分别为0.26%和0.19个/km2; 滑坡坡度多集中于70°以上, 坡向多集中于南和南东方向, 坡高则集中于40 m以下的斜坡. 通过聚类分析将研究区滑坡划分为不同类别的角度特征、高度特征、地质环境特征. 相似文献
12.
Determination and application of the weights for landslide susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network 总被引：38，自引：0，他引：38
The purpose of this study is the development, application, and assessment of probability and artificial neural network methods for assessing landslide susceptibility in a chosen study area. As the basic analysis tool, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for spatial data management and manipulation. Landslide locations and landslide-related factors such as slope, curvature, soil texture, soil drainage, effective thickness, wood type, and wood diameter were used for analyzing landslide susceptibility. A probability method was used for calculating the rating of the relative importance of each factor class to landslide occurrence. For calculating the weight of the relative importance of each factor to landslide occurrence, an artificial neural network method was developed. Using these methods, the landslide susceptibility index (LSI) was calculated using the rating and weight, and a landslide susceptibility map was produced using the index. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis, with and without weights, were confirmed from comparison with the landslide location data. The comparison result with weighting was better than the results without weighting. The calculated weight and rating can be used to landslide susceptibility mapping. 相似文献
13.
Movement of deep-seated rainfall-induced landslide at Hsiaolin Village during Typhoon Morakot 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yu-Shu Kuo Yuan-Jung Tsai Yu-Shiu Chen Chjeng-Lun Shieh Kuniaki Miyamoto Takahiro Itoh 《Landslides》2013,10(2):191-202
This study analyzes the mechanism of the landslide event at Hsiaolin Village during Typhoon Morakot in 2009. This landslide event resulted in 400 deaths. The extremely high intensity and accumulative rainfall events may cause large-scale and complex landslide disasters. To study and understand a landslide event, a combination of field investigations and numerical models is used. The landslide area is determined by comparing topographic information from before and after the event. Physiographic parameters are determined from field investigations. These parameters are applied to a numerical model to simulate the landslide process. Due to the high intensity of the rainfall event, 1,675 mm during the 80 h before the landslide event, the water content of soil was rapidly increased causing a landslide to occur. According to the survivors, the total duration of the landslide run out was less than 3 min. Simulation results indicated that the total duration was about 150 s. After the landslide occurrence, the landslide mass separated into two parts by a spur at EL 590 in about 30 to 50 s. One part passed the spur in about 30 to 60 s. One part inundated the Hsiaolin Village and the other deposited at a local river channel and formed a landslide dam. The landslide dam had height between 50 and 60 m and length between 800 and 900 m. The simulation result shows that the proposed model can be used to evaluate the potential areas of landslides induced by extremely high intensity rainfall events. 相似文献
14.
国道212线陇南段是我国地质灾害最发育的地区之一,绘制该区的滑坡危险等级地图对灾害管理和发展规划是极其必要的。基于滑坡的野外调查、机理研究和室内试验等工作,分析了滑坡与各种要素的相关性,选择控制滑坡的9个重要要素作为评价要素,利用GIS和二元统计的信息值模型和滑坡先验风险要素模型绘制了研究区的滑坡危险等级地图。最后,选用区内11个具有明显滑动位移的活动滑坡与滑坡危险等级地图比较,检验其可靠度。结果表明,活动的滑坡绝大部分都位于危险等级很高和高的范围内,说明两种模型的评价结果与研究区实际情况相吻合,同时也反映出信息值模型与实际情况更加相符。 相似文献
15.
Dalia Bach Kirschbaum Robert Adler Yang Hong Stephanie Hill Arthur Lerner-Lam 《Natural Hazards》2010,52(3):561-575
A systematic inventory of landslide events over the globe is valuable for estimating human and economic losses, quantifying
the relationship between landslide occurrences and climate variations and for evaluating emerging global landslide prediction
efforts based on remote sensing data. This study compiles a landslide catalog for rainfall-triggered events for several years,
drawing upon news reports, scholarly articles, and other hazard databases to provide a landslide catalog at the global scale.
While this database may only represent a subset of rainfall-triggered landslides globally, due to lack of reports, it presents
a lower boundary on the number of events globally and provides initial insight into the spatiotemporal statistical trends
in landslide distribution and impact. This article develops a methodology for landslide event compilation that can be used
in evaluating global landslide forecasting initiatives and assessing patterns in landslide distribution and frequency worldwide. 相似文献
16.
位于雅砻江中游的楞古水电站工程地质条件十分复杂,大型-巨型滑坡发育。以雅砻江楞古水电站夏日滑坡为例,在现场详细调查的基础上,采用试验测试和数值模拟等方法,研究了蓄水后滑坡的稳定性发展趋势。根据地貌形态、物质组成、钻孔资料以及现场调查,将夏日滑坡划分为三个区,其中Ⅱ区目前已经出现一定的变形破坏,稳定性最差。数值模拟表明,蓄水前,夏日滑坡整体稳定性较好,只在前缘局部出现变形;蓄水后,滑坡变形明显扩大,前缘沿先存的次级滑带滑动。提出在夏日滑坡前缘进行格构锚和抗滑桩支护,并利用InSAR技术对滑坡灾害隐患进行早期识别和监测预警。该研究为楞古水电站库岸滑坡防治提供了重要依据,并对同类型滑坡研究具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
17.
甲热滑坡位于甘孜州色达县甲学乡境内,属于典型的牵引式滑坡,滑坡体平均坡度约35°,主要由碎石土组成,滑坡长约195 m,宽约280 m,平均厚约15 m,滑坡体总方量约60万m3,属中型滑坡。滑坡坡体中上部变形现象较明显,若发生滑动,将直接威胁当地41户160人居民的生命财产安全。本文在进行野外现场基础地质调查后,对滑坡体的变形破坏机制进行了定性分析,并利用三位有限元数值模拟进行了定量分析,对以后研究同类滑坡的稳定性具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2015,6(6)
The governing factors that influence landslide occurrences are complicated by the different soil conditions at various sites.To resolve the problem,this study focused on spatial information technology to collect data and information on geology.GIS,remote sensing and digital elevation model(DEM) were used in combination to extract the attribute values of the surface material in the vast study area of SheiPa National Park,Taiwan.The factors influencing landslides were collected and quantification values computed.The major soil component of loam and gravel in the Shei-Pa area resulted in different landslide problems.The major factors were successfully extracted from the influencing factors.Finally,the discrete rough set(DRS) classifier was used as a tool to find the threshold of each attribute contributing to landslide occurrence,based upon the knowledge database.This rule-based knowledge database provides an effective and urgent system to manage landslides.NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),VI(Vegetation Index),elevation,and distance from the road are the four major influencing factors for landslide occurrence.The landslide hazard potential diagrams(landslide susceptibility maps) were drawn and a rational accuracy rate of landslide was calculated.This study thus offers a systematic solution to the investigation of landslide disasters. 相似文献
19.
20.
在前人有关地质灾害的研究中,滑坡地质灾害以群体式出现的专业术语有"滑坡群"和"滑坡带"两种,但对其内涵的认识存在模糊性和局限性,缺乏层次性,多数情况下其只是对多个滑坡聚集的简称,没有体现出对地质灾害研究的指导意义。本文修正了"滑坡群"的概念,丰富了"滑坡群"的内涵,将"滑坡群"与相同的局部构造、活动构造相联系,使"滑坡群"内部的个体滑坡、相同新构造活动区域"滑坡群"之间的对比成为可能,实现了基础地质研究与灾害地质研究的有机结合。在此指导下提出了"滑坡群"评价方法,包括局部构造样式以及形成机理、局部构造与地质灾害空间演化规律、"滑坡群"内部个体滑坡对比,并建立了"滑坡群"时空演化模式,为预测滑坡破坏过程提供依据。 相似文献