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1.
依据松辽盆地西南部新站地区嫩江组三段孢粉和藻类化石百分含量纵向变化特征,自下而上划分7个能识别水体盐度变化的孢粉和藻类组合：Cyathidites Pinuspollenites Dinogymniopsis组合,指示缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Leiosphaeridia Pinuspollenites组合,代表水域扩大的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Botryococcus组合,代表水域缩小的淡水-微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Chlamydophorella Taxodiaceaepollenites组合,反映淡水与微咸水频繁交互变化的浅湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Pediastrum组合,代表水域缩小的淡水湖相沉积环境;Nenjiangella Balmula Cyathidites组合,代表水域范围较大的淡水湖相沉积环境;Cyathidites Trilobosporites Botryococcus组合,指示水域缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境。 相似文献
2.
太白山佛爷池剖面的全新世环境变化信息 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
太白山佛爷池海拔3410m,是一个发育在古冰斗中的冰蚀湖。自湖中210cm沉积剖面进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和测年采样分析,表明自8200aBP以来的环境经历了明显的冷暖干湿变化。8200~6800aBP温暖湿润,在7200aBP出现明显增温;6800~5900aBP气候开始波动,大约在6300aBP有一次短暂的变冷,在6000aBP前后出现明显暖期;5900~4800aBP气温下降,大约在5200aBP达到最低,然后气温缓慢回升;4800~2600aBP气候较为温暖湿润,大约在3000aBP达到最高;2600~900aBP气候变冷湿,大约1500aBP达到最低;900aBP~现代变好。 相似文献
3.
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷百口泉组典型微相砾石定向性定量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
砾石定向性可用于辅助判断粗粒沉积物沉积环境的介质性质与强度。在岩芯图像分析与测量的基础上,运用砾石长轴相对视倾角玫瑰花图中任意相邻三个小扇形的半径之和的最大值（参数a）和小扇形半径大小偏离程度（参数σ）,对玛湖地区百口泉组152种典型砾岩岩石相以及四种典型微相中的砾石定向性进行定量研究,结果表明:玛湖地区百口泉组不同岩石相中砾石定向性存在一定的差异,但是总的来说岩石相中包含交错层理属性、平行层理属性、小中砾岩属性的,砾石定向性比较好,定向性参数比较大;四种典型微相中,辫状河道沉积、水下分流河道沉积、河口沙坝沉积中砾石定向性变化在垂向上都有一定的旋回性,而泥石流沉积中砾石定向性变化在垂向上的旋回性不是很明显;四种典型沉积微相中砾石定向性参数大小也存在一定的差别。定向性由差到好依次是泥石流微相（σ最大值为6.61、最小值为3.00、平均值为4.03,a最大值为52.94%、最小值为22.95%、平均值为32.87%）、辫状河道微相（σ最大值为8.91、最小值为3.11、平均值为5.31,a最大值为65.79%、最小值为25.93%、平均值为341.41%）、水下分流河道（σ最大值为7.22、最小值为2.96、平均值为5.11;a最大值为55.71%、最小值为25.93%、平均值为38.76%）、河口沙坝微相（σ最大值为10.34、最小值为3.65、平均值为5.54;a最大值为83.02%、最小值为32.35%、平均值为44.42%）。 相似文献
4.
重力场定义的澄清 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
《朗曼现代英文词典》(LongmanModernEnglishDictionary)、《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish ChineseDictionary)、《韦氏词典》(Merriam Webster’sNewCollegiateDictionary)、作为地球物理专业词汇定义源的《勘探地球物理百科词典》(EncyclopedicDictionaryofExplorationGeo physics)以及中国的一些重力教科书、专著及词典 ,把重力场定义为重力或重力作用存在的空间 ,重力效应可以测量的空间 ,即 :力或重力存在的空间。这个定义不同于国外英文地球物理教科书、专著及中、英、俄文场论教科书对重力场的定义 :空间中的重力。定义重力场为重力存在的空间 ,混淆了“场”本身及“场域”的概念 ,并不是一个标准的物理或地球物理定义 ,是一种误导。物理场是空间中存在的一种物理作用或效应 ,分布于引起它的场源体周围。两个物体之间存在着的相互作用力 ,通过每个物体引起的引力场给予另一个物体。重力场可以定义如下 :地球内部及其附近空间一点处存在的重力作用 ,或单位质量受到的重力。重力场是一种力或力场 ,存在于地球表面及其附近的空间。重力场不是空间 ,重力场的测量应当是在重力场存在的空间或场域中 ,而不是在重力场中进行。 相似文献
5.
Listric versus planar normal fault geometry: an example from the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin (E Austria) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Darko Spahić Ulrike Exner Michael Behm Bernhard Grasemann Alexander Haring Herbert Pretsch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1685-1695
In a gravel pit at the eastern margin of the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, a satellite of Vienna Basin (Austria), Neogene sediments
are exposed in the hanging wall of a major normal fault. The anticlinal structure and associated conjugated secondary normal
faults were previously interpreted as a rollover anticline above a listric normal fault. The spatial orientation and distribution
of sedimentary horizons and crosscutting faults were mapped in detail on a laser scan of the outcrop wall. Subsequently, in
order to assess the 3D distribution and geometry of this fault system, a series of parallel ground penetrating radar (GPR)
profiles were recorded behind the outcrop wall. Both outcrop and GPR data were compiled in a 3D structural model, providing
the basis for a kinematic reconstruction of the fault plane using balanced cross-section techniques. However, the kinematic
reconstruction results in a geologically meaningless normal fault cutting down- and up-section. Additionally, no evidence
for a weak layer serving as ductile detachment horizon (i.e. salt or clay horizon) can be identified in stratigraphic profiles.
Instead, the observed deflection of stratigraphic horizons may be caused by a displacement gradient along a planar master
fault, with a maximum displacement in the fault centre, decreasing towards the fault tips. Accordingly, the observed deflection
of markers in the hanging wall—and in a nearby location in the footwall of the normal fault—is interpreted as large-scale
fault drag along a planar fault that records a displacement gradient, instead of a rollover anticline related to a listric
fault. 相似文献
6.
本文通过对在新疆南部塔里木盆地北缘博斯腾湖采集的一根953cm的岩心进行了早全新世以来的古气候重建。对BSTC2000岩心进行了碳酸盐矿物组成、Ca/1000Sr,有机质TOC,C/N和C/S分析,并结合BSTC2000岩心附近的一个沉积物剖面的孢粉资料,利用多指标重建了8500aBP以来的古气候变化特征。在2个平行岩心中对保存的植物叶片、草籽,以及全有机质进行了9个AMS14C年代测定。8500～8100aBP气候冷湿,钻孔位置为河流-滨湖相环境,沉积物中有3层泥炭层。从8100～6400aBP,气温升高,湖泊扩张,气候暖湿,湖泊可能为最高湖面时期。而从6400～5100aBP湖泊稍微下降,气候变冷。在中全新世晚期从5100～3100aBP气候变得高温干旱,但其间的4400～3800aBP有短暂的气候变冷,早期大量的冰雪融水补给博斯腾湖,使得湖泊水位上升。湖泊的第二个高湖面期是5200～3800aBP。在3100～2200aBP气候冷湿,由于蒸发减弱而湖泊有所扩张,湖泊在3100至2800aBP期间是最后一次短暂的高湖面期。这次短期高湖面后,湖泊由于较长时期的低温而引起的供水减少,湖泊收缩。从2200～1200aBP,气候变得干热,湖泊收缩。尽管从1200aBP以来,温度有所下降,气候变得暖干,湖泊又开始有所上升,但是没有达到博斯腾湖出水口孔雀河的海拔高度。 相似文献
7.
8.
云南钛铁矿地质特征及开发探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
具有工业开发价值的滇中片钛铁砂矿 ,系红土型风化壳砂矿床 ,规模巨大 ,具近、浅、易、富的开发优点。其含钛铁矿基岩为海西期基性岩。目前仅有初步开发 ,建有精选厂与钛白粉厂 (10 0 0t/a)各一座 ,但目前仅依靠向农民收购的粗精矿作为原料。建议采用钛盐结合的开发方案 ,兴建 5万t/a钛白粉厂 (氯化法 )和与之配套的金红石厂 (7万t/a)、烧碱厂 (4万t/a ,副产盐酸 ) ,这样可弥补云南现有烧碱产量的不足 相似文献
9.
应用二维有限体积法、Osher格式及间断拟合法,计算了钱塘江河口涌潮产生、发展到消亡的全过程。该算法能保证水量和动量守恒,且能适应水深巨大变化和动边界。根据钱塘江涌潮的特点,可将其合理概化为一线潮。在网格尺寸较大情况下,计算的一线潮仍保持高分辨率,能准确满足水力学间断条件,且计算量小,可以在微机上实现。在对某实测半日小潮进行率定后,对随后的大潮进行了验证计算,涌潮的主要特征(如涌潮高度、移速、水位和流场等)与实测资料符合良好,证实了模型的合理性和模拟能力。 相似文献
10.
Priti Maheshwari P. K. Basudhar S. Chandra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):313-324
The paper describes a mechanical model for estimating the flexural response of a strip footing, supporting a column (imposing
a concentrated load), resting on a compacted granular bed overlying a reinforcement layer for example, geogrids, geomats etc.
below which lies a loose soil deposit. The footing is idealized as a beam and the reinforcing element is assumed to have finite
bending stiffness and negligible frictional resistance. The upper and lower soil layers are idealized by a series of linear
and discrete springs (Winkler springs) of different stiffness values. To find the response of such a model the governing differential
equations have been derived and expressed in a nondimensional form. A closed form analytical solution of the same has been
obtained subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. Using the present approach the resulting solution for a degenerated
case of a long beam is found to be identical to the same of Hetenyi (1946, Beams on elastic foundations, University of Michigan
press, Ann Arbor, MI). Parametric studies reveal that the ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beam and the ratio
of stiffness of the upper and lower soil layers affect significantly the response of the foundation. 相似文献
11.
本文以贵州荔波董歌洞3号石笋第6、1次和4号石笋第2次主要沉积间断为例,说明依序发生于89.96kaBP、128.65kaBP、113.40kaBP,结束于0.32kaBP、128.21kaBP、65.50kaBP,延续时间89.65ka、0.44ka、47.90ka的沉积间断,具多级次的地质、气候演变属性,沉积间断时间长,显示度明显,气候事件复杂,间断频发,必有更丰富的气候、环境、地质内涵。贵州都匀凯酉七星洞2号石笋Q2F1、Q2F2,5号石笋Q5F3是碰断面,依序发生于74.24kaBP、60.72kaBP、36.80kaBP,彼此相间隔13.52ka、23.92ka,断面及其上、下石笋段的沉积特征,属突变(灾害)性事件,也有其古气候环境意义。系列事件的测年,须在系统测年基础上,于间断、碰断面上下加密测试,及石笋沉积特征的综合观测,以提高事件测年和定性的可信度,增加古气候环境信息量。 相似文献
12.
13.
本文用有限差分法模拟研究二维空间中波的传播、散射及其与介质间断的相互作用。文章第一部分运用所模拟的纵波波源讨论了半无限空间表面台阶地形或槽形裂隙所造成的波的散射。这些间断可模拟具有波长量级的悬崖或狭谷。第二部分用差分法与扰动法结合而成的混合法处理半无限空间表面有另一种物质构成的表面浅障碍时波的传播,以模拟山脊、堑沟等地形的影响。此混合法也被用于讨论半无限空间内含有水平夹层或孔隙的问题。所得研究结果对波的传播及其与介质间断的相互作用的理论研究和地震波破坏效应的分析和隔离等应用研究有一定的意义。 相似文献
14.
A time sequence of airborne infrared imagery provides a unique view of phenomena associated with a turbulent tidal intrusion
into a stratified bay. During flood tide, cooler water from the Strait of Juan de Fuca is observed to penetrate Sequim Bay
(Washington, U.S.V.) as a turbulent jet. After separating from the shoreline, the jet collapses into the stratified middle
part of the bay, forming a mushroom-shaped head consisting of a semicircular plunge front and areas of recirculating flow.
As the plunge front advances into the estuary, a set of nonlinear internal waves emerges and propagates toward the relatively
stagnant southern part of the bay, where they are a potential source of vertical mixing. This range of phenomena is expected
based on laboratory studies, but has not been seen previously in a natural setting. 相似文献
15.
This article deals with the design of a resource discovery system, based on a Web interface, for searching and downloading
data stored in a Geo-Data Server. The main features of the Geo-Data Server are the design of a cartographic and image database,
following international standards, a relational catalogue, containing meta-information on the archived data, and a high-level
interface to access the system. The Geo-Data Server implements a distributed system where data are appropriately organised
for remote consultation. 相似文献
16.
内蒙古辉腾锡勒全新世中晚期环境变迁的孢粉记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对内蒙古中部辉腾锡勒湖泊沉积特征及孢粉组合特征的综合分析,重建了该地区全新世中晚期以来气候环境变化过程。研究结果表明,该地区5390 a以来气候总体上由温湿转变为冷干,具体可以分为5个阶段: 5390 ~ 3970 a,以温暖偏湿气候为主; 3970 ~ 3300 a,气候仍为温和偏湿; 3300 ~ 2380 a,A/C比值明显降低,标志着全新世大暖期结束,凉偏干气候显著; 2380 ~ 1160 a,气候转为凉湿,为大暖期结束后一个特殊湿润时期; 1160 a以来气候向温凉偏干转变。 相似文献
17.
Parama Roy 《Geoforum》2010,41(2):337-348
Arguments regarding citizen involvement and empowerment within neoliberal urban politics are ample in geographic literature. Existing discussions often define and evaluate empowerment as either some social, political, or economic end-product of a specific event. Such singular conceptualization is problematic. First, different kinds of social, political, and economic changes can simultaneously empower/disempower communities in contradictory ways. In addition, the view of empowerment as an end-product of a present event obscures a more nuanced understanding of empowerment as an ongoing process of state-civil society relation-building. An in-depth assessment of such a process is only possible with reference to the past and the potential future occurrences. Elwood’s (2002) multi-dimensional conceptualization of empowerment recognizes the limitations of a singular definition of empowerment. However, it falls short of operationalizing empowerment as a temporal process with a historically and geographically contingent past, dynamic present, and future in the making. Therefore, in this paper I expand on Elwood’s framework to show how a process-based view as opposed to a narrow end-product-based or event-based one can provide a deeper understanding of state-civil society interaction and community empowerment. This paper analyzes the interaction between the City of Milwaukee, the residents of a predominantly black inner-city neighborhood, the Walnut Way, and their community organization, the Walnut Way Conservation Corp. within a land-use dispute related to the development of a park space into a housing project. Using data collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, archival research, and participant observation, this paper emphasizes that despite methodological limitations of collecting long-term data, community empowerment can and should be studied as a process with reference to the past, present, and potential future state-civil society interactions. 相似文献
18.
A Distance-based Prior Model Parameterization for Constraining Solutions of Spatial Inverse Problems 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Spatial inverse problems in the Earth Sciences are often ill-posed, requiring the specification of a prior model to constrain
the nature of the inverse solutions. Otherwise, inverted model realizations lack geological realism. In spatial modeling,
such prior model determines the spatial variability of the inverse solution, for example as constrained by a variogram, a
Boolean model, or a training image-based model. In many cases, particularly in subsurface modeling, one lacks the amount of
data to fully determine the nature of the spatial variability. For example, many different training images could be proposed
for a given study area. Such alternative training images or scenarios relate to the different possible geological concepts
each exhibiting a distinctive geological architecture. Many inverse methods rely on priors that represent a single subjectively
chosen geological concept (a single variogram within a multi-Gaussian model or a single training image). This paper proposes
a novel and practical parameterization of the prior model allowing several discrete choices of geological architectures within
the prior. This method does not attempt to parameterize the possibly complex architectures by a set of model parameters. Instead,
a large set of prior model realizations is provided in advance, by means of Monte Carlo simulation, where the training image
is randomized. The parameterization is achieved by defining a metric space which accommodates this large set of model realizations.
This metric space is equipped with a “similarity distance” function or a distance function that measures the similarity of
geometry between any two model realizations relevant to the problem at hand. Through examples, inverse solutions can be efficiently
found in this metric space using a simple stochastic search method. 相似文献
19.
通过对历史文献资料的收集整理,重建了清代江苏省冬季逐年冷暖等级序列,并利用Morlet复小波变换分析方法对序列进行了多时间尺度特征的综合分析。结果表明:(1)整个清代江苏省冬季气候变化大致可分为2个冷时段(1644—1730年、1821—1900年)和1个暖时段(1731—1820年);(2)重建的冷暖等级序列存在多尺度下的周期变化特征,其中有较明显的周期变化尺度是38～42 a、18～20 a、13～15 a和8 a,38～42 a和8 a特征时间尺度的周期变化相对具有全域性,18～20 a尺度的周期变化在1690—1790年之间比较明显,13～15 a尺度的周期变化在1720年之前和1830年之后比较明显;(3)重建序列的第1主周期为42 a,第2、3、4主周期依次是20 a、 8 a和3 a;在42 a尺度下,清代江苏省冬季气候可划分为6个偏冷时段和6个偏暖时段。 相似文献
20.
汤山温泉是中国四大著名温泉疗养胜地之一,阐明其成因模式对于该温泉区的进一步开发和热水资源的可持续利用具有一定意义。基于硅-焓图解法和水文地球化学方法对其进行了系统研究,结果表明该区热储温度为90℃,岩溶热水与岩溶冷水、孔隙潜水和地表水之间在水化学和同位素组成上存在明显差异,地热井深度越大,冷水混入相对较少,地热水温度相对较高。经分析,该地热系统成因上属于中低温对流型。其补给区主要来自汤山山体(宁镇山区)及句容盆地东侧茅山山脉,循环深度为2.6~2.9 km,地热水通过汤山-东昌街断裂在浅部与区内NW向断裂、NE向断裂交汇形成温泉水。 相似文献