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1.
Potassium chlorate—hydrochloric acid is compared to ascorbic acid—hydrogen peroxide, aqua regia, and nitric—perchloric as a sulphide-selective leach for bedrock geochemistry. Results obtained on granodiorite samples containing copper sulphides indicate that the procedure is probably more selective than the other leaches and has the advantages of rapidity and simplicity. 相似文献
2.
A method based on the linearization of the limit state functions (LSFs) is applied to evaluate the reliability of series geotechnical systems. The approach only needs information provided by first order reliability method (FORM) results: the vector of reliability indices, β, of the LSFs composing the system; and their correlation matrix, R. Two common geotechnical problems—the stability of a slope in layered soil and a circular tunnel in rock—are employed to demonstrate the simplicity, accuracy and efficiency of the suggested procedure, and advantages of the linearization approach with respect to alternative computational tools are discussed. It is also found that, if necessary, the second order reliability method (SORM)—that approximates the true LSF better than FORM—can be employed to compute better estimations of the system’s reliability. 相似文献
3.
Natural Hazards - The Mahi—one of the major rivers in Western India—is subject to frequent major flooding, which severely affects the local economy and infrastructure. Little has been... 相似文献
4.
Recently, FFT techniques are frequently applied for local gravity field modeling. Compared to FFT wavelet transformation has some advantages: — higher numerical efficiency, — data compression.The disadvantage of wavelets for gravity field modelling is that the resulting equations are sparse, but not diagonal, as in the FFT case.This paper is to show, how this drawback can be overcome by the use of different systems of orthogonal base functions for data analysis and solution synthesis. 相似文献
5.
A closed-form analysis for elastic—plastic response of a circular hole in an infinite Mohr—Coulomb medium under axisymmetric loading shows the effect of repeated loading on the stress and displacement fields around the hole. Examples show how repeat-load closure increment is affected by working load, internal pressure, material compressive strength and internal friction. The solution is used to predict results of a laboratory test performed on a rock simulant specimen that contained a reinforced hole. Analytical and laboratory results are similar: at small closures (a few per cent, but well into the plastic response range), the closure increment from an unload—reload cycle is small compared with the initial closure. Closure increments for each of several cycles are comparable and cumulative. 相似文献
6.
Vasil’chuk Yu. K. Vasil’chuk J. Yu. Alexeyev S. V. Budantseva N. A. Alexeyeva L. P. Vasil’chuk A. C. Kozyreva Ye. A. Svetlakov A. A. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2019,489(2):1456-1460
Doklady Earth Sciences - This paper reports on the nature and history of the mineral-rich frost heave mounds—lithalsas—developed on the first terrace of the Sentsa River in Okinsky... 相似文献
7.
P. NIELSEN R. SWENNEN† J. A. D. DICKSON‡ A. E. FALLICK§ E. KEPPENS 《Sedimentology》1997,44(1):177-195
Spheroidal dolomite crystals occur in the karstified top of a Dinantian dolomite sequence in eastern Belgium. The spheroidal dolomite crystals are best developed at the base of the karst system. The dolomite crystals are characterized by a spherulitic or dumb-bell inclusion pattern, and are overgrown by dolomite cements with a rhombohedral outline. They are considered to be bacterially related precipitates based on, (1) textural similarities with documented bacteriogenic precipitates, (2) the presence of ‘bacterial’microspheres and framboidal pyrite embedded within the dolomite, and (3) their general geological setting. The geochemical characteristics of the dolomites and associated minerals support a bacterial origin. The ubiquity of framboidal pyrite, depleted in 34S (δ34S=— 22.4 to — 25.5%oCDT), testifies to a period of bacterial sulphate reduction. The isotopic composition of the spheroidal dolomites (δ13C=— 2.4 to - 3.2%oPDB and δ18O=— 3.8 to - 3.4%oPDB) suggest a contribution from oxidized organic carbon produced during bacterial sulphate reduction. Sulphate reduction may also result in a concomitant 18O depletion if the system is nearly closed. It is however, evident from the sulphur isotopic composition of associated framboidal pyrite that the system was fairly open. The 18O depletion of the spheroidal dolomite crystals (δ18O=— 3.8 to — 3.4%oPDB) and their occurrence adjacent to, and within karst cavities suggests a mixing zone origin, with a significant proportion of freshwater in it. The rhombohedral cement-overgrowths have calculated δ18O values in the range of 0 to +5.3%oPDB, which reflect precipitation from normal to slightly evaporated contemporaneous seawater. 相似文献
8.
Phillip J. Murphy 《Geology Today》2020,36(3):109-112
The town of Colne in Pennine east Lancashire, northern England—once a centre of the textiles trade—is now best known locally as the home of Boundary Mill ‘shopping experience’. But there is more to the town than meets the eye, including three significant geologists. 相似文献
9.
The protection of critical infrastructure from natural and intentional events is a key component of any national security agenda. Protection schemes need to be readily identifiable and adaptable to complex changing environments. In this paper, we identify strategic geographic characteristics that impact the location of detection resources (e.g. sensors) towards the defense of regional critical infrastructure. Specifically, we seek to estimate the relationship between the results of a variation of the traditional shortest path network interdiction problem and geographical characteristics of the transportation infrastructure and the urban environment. Experiments conducted on three distinct transportation networks of different shapes and granularities (New York City—grid, Houston—radial, Boston—hybrid) underline the importance of geographic characteristics such as the proximity to resource location, attacker entry points as well as network coverage. Insights gained from this work are relevant to policy and decision makers to facilitate the development of analytical and decision-support tools capable of identifying resource allocation strategies. We discuss a heuristic-based framework that prioritizes the selection of detection resources, reflecting the importance of geographic characteristics. The findings underline the importance of geographical characteristics for the allocation of resources in a regional setting. 相似文献
10.
Kuei-Hsien Liao 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):723-750
Despite massive investment in flood control infrastructure (FCI), neither cities nor rivers have been well served—flooding continues to challenge cities around the world, while riverine ecosystems are degraded by FCI. Although new flood hazard management concepts have shifted the focus away from FCI, many cities continue to count on FCI to prevent flood damage. It is assumed that existing built-up areas can only count on FCI, as large-scale retreat is often impossible. However, flood adaptation—retrofitting the built environment to prevent damage during flooding—as an option is often ignored. This paper argues against the continual use of FCI to prevent flood damage by reviewing FCI’s established problems. The paper examines human–river interactions associated with FCI, focusing on the feedback mechanisms in the interactions, with a case study on the Lower Green River (LGR) valley in King County, Washington, USA. An urban ecology research model is employed to organize the case study, where interactions between floodplain urbanization, FCI, flow and sediment changes, flood risk, and riverine ecosystem are explored and two feedback mechanisms—river adjustment and flood risk perception—are explicitly addressed. The resulting complex dynamics, in terms of cross–scale interactions, emergence, nonlinearity, and surprises, are synthesized and limitations of FCI outlined. Flood adaptation is explored as a plausible alternative to flood control to nurture flood resilience. A management scenario of flood adaptation for the City of Kent—the largest municipality in the LGR valley—is developed to discuss the implications of flood adaptation on flood risk and river restoration. 相似文献
11.
Production of dietary feed supplements enriched in microelements in a pilot plant biosorption system
Z. Witkowska P. Rusek A. Witek-Krowiak K. Chojnacka Ł. Tuhy M. Samoraj 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(4):1089-1098
In this work, biosorption was used as a method to enrich biomass (soybean meal) with microelements [such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Fe(II)] that are essential in livestock nutrition to produce dietary feed supplements. The biosorption process was carried out in a specially designed pilot plant system with two-column reactors according to the principles of the eco-friendly effluent-free technology. The applicative parts of products and innovative biological feed supplements were produced for zoo-technical tests on animals (hens, goats and fatteners). Multielemental analysis showed a multiple increase in the content of each microelement in the soybean meal after biosorption [of Zn(II)—168 times, Cu(II)—179 times, Mn(II)—62 times and Fe(II)—50 times]. The process was analyzed in terms of technological indicators and preliminary economic analysis, including the cost of materials, labor costs and depreciation of the equipment used. It was found that the cost of supplementation of 1 kg of feed for laying hens and fattening pigs with the new preparation enriched with Cu(II) and manufactured on a technical scale was around $0.393. 相似文献
12.
YANG RuidongDepartment of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu ZHAO Yuanlong Guizhou University of Industry Guiyang Guizhou 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(3):329-333
Recently a rich and well-preserved crinoid community including Traumatocrinus and Encrinus has been found in the Late Triassic Zhuganpo Formation in Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou province, China. Among the fossils Traumatocrinus is the richest, and most of it occurs as clusters, with each cluster containing 3-42 crinoid branches. Study of the stem and calyx of Traumatocrinus shows that the number of stem-joints (columnals) is equal to the total stem length × K (5.85 per cmx stem-diameter). There are about 376 first- and second-order columnals on the whole stem. This number seems to coincide with the number of days in a year at that time. According to the present study of the palaeoecological environment of the crinoid community, it is considered that the reproduction and preservation of the crinoid community were controlled by the Late Triassic regression and the restricted bay of an interior sea behind the S-shaped shoal zone. 相似文献
13.
The authors have studied an Albian glauconite—phosphate—carbonate ore in the Sierra de Espuña (Murcia), situated in the betic Cordilleras, nappe of Malaga. The geochemical data concern 76 samples from which the following elements were titrated by spectro-photometric methods: P, Fe, Ti, Al, Mg, Mn, Ca, Na, K, Zn, Li, Ni, Cr and Sr.The percentages of SiO2, P2O5, Al2O3, K2O and total Fe with respect to the insoluble fraction and the CaCO3, Mn, P2O5 amounts permit of partly explaining the phosphate—glauconite bond. The pH and Eh conditions, deduced from vertical variations in the chemistry, are associated with the mineralogic evolution of the glauconites.The authors define the paleoenvironment of this glauconite—phosphate ore deposit. They clearly separate the environment of the genesis from that of sedimentation of the grains. The sedimentation of carbonate—phosphate—glauconitic particles occurred in a confined environment without continental debris. These grains were formed in proximity of the shelf edge.The phosphate and carbonate supplies are attributed to upwelling of deep waters. 相似文献
14.
为提升变化环境下澜沧江-湄公河(简称澜湄)流经国对干旱的抵御能力, 亟需对流域未来干旱趋势进行科学研判。本研究选取了CMIP6的5个GCM模式, 使用3种共享社会经济路径-典型浓度路径组合情景下的驱动数据, 采用分布式水文模型CREST-Snow, 预估了2020—2050年澜湄径流演变和气象、水文干旱发展趋势, 量化了澜沧江梯级水库调度对未来径流的调节作用。结果表明: 2020—2050年, 澜湄流域整体呈湿润趋势, 但极端干湿事件发生频率增加, 其中2020—2029年干旱频发, 2030—2050年更偏湿润, 老挝、泰国2020—2050年干旱发生的频率和强度比流域内其他国家更高; 澜沧江梯级水库可有效提升下游干季径流量, 增幅从上游(99%)至下游(68%)递减, 在缓解湄公河干季旱情方面具有重要作用。未来有待进一步加强澜湄水资源合作, 优化水库调度方式, 促进澜湄流经国水旱灾害防治。 相似文献
15.
‘Community geography’ is a growing sub-field that leverages academic resources to facilitate spatial research in partnership with local communities. The Mapping Prejudice Project and the CREATE Initiative, two interdisciplinary projects at the University of Minnesota, demonstrate some of the opportunities and challenges associated with practicing community geography. Mapping Prejudice is leveraging community crowdsourcing to build the first comprehensive spatial database of racially restrictive housing covenants in the United States. CREATE is co-developing research on critical problems at the intersection of environment and equity through collaboration with community partners. These two projects incorporate a methodological commitment to place-based and historically grounded research that seeks to make knowledge in—and in relation to—a specific place. Incorporating earlier feminist and critical GIS theory, these projects have adopted an iterative research model that places under-resourced communities at the forefront of the research process. Their work produces a fluid, responsive, and co-creative approach that has the capacity to legitimate its knowledge claims through responsiveness to community needs and collective experience.
相似文献16.
Vincenzo Pane Diego Bellavita Manuela Cecconi Alessia Vecchietti 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(2):765-780
The paper presents a methodology aimed at reducing—or even avoiding—the risk of heave and uplift failures of reinforced concrete diaphragm walls. The method is based on the simple concept of increasing the drainage capacity of the embedded portion of the retaining walls. The behaviour of a strutted excavation in a cohesionless soil below groundwater is examined by means of two distinct series of numerical analyses, respectively focused on the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of the retaining system. It is shown that, for some frequent cases, such methodology is capable to improve the safety of the retaining system with respect to both hydraulic and geotechnical limit states. 相似文献
17.
赋存于花岗岩中的金矿床在我国金矿资源中的地位极其重要，并形成我国独具特色的金矿类型。我国含金花岗岩的时代，绝大多数为燕山期，其次是华力西-印支期及加里东期；含金花岗岩体分布广泛，特别集中出露在中朝板块东缘的胶东地体内和北缘广大地区，在北方陆壳增生区及华南扬子板块内亦有分布；研究表明，含金花岗岩类以Ⅰ型花岗岩为主，其次是A型和S型；在同一地区含金花岗岩的金丰度明显高于不含金花岗岩。 相似文献
18.
江西冷水坑银铅锌矿田构造地球化学的若干问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文重点对冷水坑银铅锌矿田构造发育特征和构造地球化学的若干问题进行了初步探讨。运用裂隙统计、显微构造和组构分析方法对矿田NE向、NW向和近EW向断裂的力学性质和活动方式作了概略性论述。研究了银路岭矿床三个构造地球化学剖面的分析结果,其中主要成矿元素和伴生元素的分布和丰度变化与构造发育的关系,显示出本区构造地球化学场具有一定的分布规律。矿田F_1断裂是有一定区域意义的重要的成岩成矿和控岩控矿断裂,本次工作中选择了茶田剖面对F_1断裂带构造地球化学特征进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
19.
内蒙古海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组孢粉组合 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
海拉尔盆地大磨拐河组自下而上可以划分出两个孢粉组合 :哈氏三角孢 -微细云杉粉 ( Deltoidospora hallii-Piceaepollenites exilioides)组合和澳洲无突肋纹孢 -卵形光面单缝孢 ( Cicatricosisporites australiensis- L aevigato-sporites ovatus)组合 ,分别分布于大磨拐河组一段和二段 ,组合特征明显 ,可以作为研究区内地层划分对比的生物地层学依据之一。两个孢粉组合中见有属种繁多的海金沙科孢子及其他繁盛于早白垩世的孢子花粉 ,结合在数以千计的岩心样品中没有发现可靠的早期被子植物花粉的情况分析 ,推测产这两个孢粉组合的大磨拐河组的地质时代为早白垩世凡兰吟期—欧特里沃期 ( Valanginian— Hauterivian) ,不排除部分进入巴列姆期 ( Barrem ian)的可能 相似文献
20.
海拉尔盆地海参1井伊敏组孢粉组合的地层意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海参1井伊敏组孢粉化石异常丰富,自下而上可以划分出3个孢粉组合:Impardecispora-Cyathidites-Clavatipollenites组合,Stereisporites-Deltoidospora-Asteropollis组合,Appendicisporites-Asteropollis-Tricolpites组合,分别分布于伊敏组一段、二段和三段,组合特征明显,是海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷划分伊敏组与大磨拐河组的重要生物依据之一,更是伊敏组内三段划分和井间对比的生物依据之一。3个孢粉组合中见有属种繁多的海金沙科孢子及其他繁盛于早白垩世中晚期的孢子花粉,结合在绝大多数样品中发现的早期被子植物花粉的情况分析,推测含这3个孢粉组合的伊敏组地质时代为早白垩世巴列姆期—早阿尔必期(Barremian—Early Albian)。 相似文献