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1.
岩体中的结构面对岩体的水力和力学性质有很大影响,因此,弄清岩体中结构面的发育规律是岩体稳定性评价的基础。当结构面的产状一致,其他性质不一致时,结构面的水力学特性和力学性质是不同的。而传统的结构面优势分组方法仅根据产状数据分组,无法分辨产状相同、其他性质不同的结构面。因此,提出了一种基于量子粒子群优化算法的多参数结构面的优势分组方法。该方法通过结构面的相似性度量建立目标函数,运用量子粒子群优化算法通过搜索目标函数的全局最优解来确定聚类中心,可用于结构面多个参数的优势分组。通过对计算机模拟的多参数结构面数据的分组,验证了该方法的可靠性。最后,将该方法应用于怒江松塔水电站坝址区实测的多参数结构面数据的划分,得到了符合实际的分组结果。 相似文献
2.
为了准确模拟岩体节理的空间分布,评价高放废物地质处置库围岩的稳定性,先通过调查露头节理数据,运用概率统计理论进行节理几何特征模拟,再利用Monte-Carlo法来模拟节理空间分布特征,并以高放废物地质处置新疆预选区天湖地段花岗岩体为研究对象,通过钻孔电视调查不同深度节理几何特征,划分钻孔岩体结构均质区,提出钻孔节理产状、大小、密度的统计方法和计算公式,以均质区建立节理三维网络模型并通过数据对比法进行模型验证。结果表明：1）利用列联表卡方检验和重叠窗口法可将天湖钻孔岩体划分为0~90、120~240、270~360和390~600 m等4个均质区;2）利用SPSS软件以及基于节理直径、迹长和隙宽之间的数量关系得出节理产状服从正态分布,节理直径服从负指数分布;3）通过数据对比法得出模型统计和现场测量的节理平均产状数据相差±3°以内,平均直径相差±1 m以内,平均面密度相差±0.01 m-2以内,从而验证了Monte-Carlo法建立的节理三维网络模拟的准确性。 相似文献
3.
一个区域某一构造运动时期的应力分布状态,一般是用测量到的同一应力场作用所形成的共轭剪节理的产状求解出三个主应力轴的空间方位来表示,这是反演古构造应力场时经常应用的方法.目前利用极射赤平投影的方法来分析古构造应力场仍是一种行之有效的手段.本程序即按极射赤平投影原理,根据共轭剪节理的产状用PC-1500随机BASIC语言来求解三个主应力轴的产状及绘制主应力图解的. 相似文献
4.
土性指标概率模型参数的确定是进行岩土工程可靠度分析和设计的基础。为了更好地推行岩土工程可靠度设计,应该首先建立地区土性参数的概率模型。作为反映土性指标自相关特性的相关距离,研究其区域分布特性,建立其概率分布模型是必要的。本文收集了西安黄土的176个钻孔CPT数据,利用其端阻值qc作为样本,采用递推空间法计算了各层西安黄土的相关距离。研究了计算结果的统计特性,并对其均值进行了单侧置信区间估计,提出了各层西安黄土相关距离的代表值。建立了西安各层黄土相关距离的概率模型,对模型参数进行了估计,采用皮尔逊-卡方检验法对模型进行了拟合优度检验,检验结果认为其符合Beta分布。 相似文献
5.
土性指标概率模型参数的确定是进行岩土工程可靠度分析和设计的基础。为了更好地推行岩土工程可靠度设计,应该首先建立地区土性参数的概率模型。作为反映土性指标自相关特性的相关距离,研究其区域分布特性,建立其概率分布模型是必要的。本文收集了西安黄土的176个钻孔CPT数据,利用其端阻值q c作为样本,采用递推空间法计算了各层西安黄土的相关距离。研究了计算结果的统计特性,并对其均值进行了单侧置信区间估计,提出了各层西安黄土相关距离的代表值。建立了西安各层黄土相关距离的概率模型,对模型参数进行了估计,采用皮尔逊-卡方检验法对模型进行了拟合优度检验,检验结果认为其符合Beta分布。 相似文献
6.
多参数岩体结构面优势分组方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在岩体力学和水力学分析中,搞清岩体结构面的分布规律是一项重要的基础工作。当岩体结构面的产状一致,而其他性质不一致时,岩体结构面的力学和水力学性质是不同的,而传统的方法仅根据岩体结构面的产状进行分组,这势必存在缺陷。提出了一种基于变尺度混沌优化算法的多参数结构面数据的优势组划分方法,通过度量结构面之间的相似性建立目标函数,运用变尺度混沌优化算法搜索目标函数的最优解来确定聚类中心,可同时考虑结构面的多个参数,把具有相似性质的结构面归并成组。通过计算机模拟的结构面数据验证了此算法的正确性,最后将此算法应用于实际工程中测量的多参数结构面数据的优势组划分,得到了清晰可靠的分组结果。 相似文献
7.
节理岩体结构面产状的动态聚类分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
节理岩体结构面的优势产状是进行Mnote-carlo模拟和岩体稳定性分析的基础。玫瑰花图、等密度图等传统的图形分析方法比较粗糙,其结果只是相对的优势组数划分,无法准确地给出结构面的优势产状,使得分组结果在实际中应用不便。为弥补上述不足,采用改进的动态聚类分析方法,构造空间直角坐标系,以结构面的单位法向量表示其产状,并根据球面上两点之间的球面距离对结构面产状进行分类判定。将该方法应用于三峡库区巴东新县城铜盆溪桥东头高切坡结构面优势产状分析中。结果表明,采用改进动态聚类分析方法结果可靠,分类合理,可以较准确地确定结构面的优势产状。 相似文献
8.
臧秀平 《水文地质工程地质》1992,19(4):47-50
本文提出了结构面产状分组的动态聚类分析方法,该方法以结构面组间的倾向距下限c_1和倾角距下限c_2为基本参数,进行结构面产状分组。与传统的分析方法相比,该方法具有分析结果更具有代表性、可以完全计算机化、可以在分组的同时区分各结构面组的样本,为进一步分析各结构面组的统计特征提供原始数据等优点。 相似文献
9.
岩体结构面优势分组是研究岩体力学性质与水力特性的基础,通常的分析方法是只根据产状进行划分。鉴于结构面其他特征对岩体力学性质的重要影响,考虑结构面倾向、倾角、迹长、张开度、表面形态5个特征参数,提出了基于人工蜂群算法的岩体结构面多参数优势分组方法。以样本总体离差平方和为目标函数,建立岩体结构面多参数优势分组的数学模型,应用人工蜂群优化算法求解,以目标函数值最小时的解作为聚类中心,并自动确定分组边界。对人工生成的结构面数据的计算结果验证了该方法的正确性,该方法的求解精度是令人满意的。最后,将该方法应用于怒江松塔水电站坝址区岩体结构面多参数优势组的划分,得到了较为合理的分组结果,进一步验证了此方法具有较高的运行效率与工程实用性。 相似文献
10.
岩体不连续面迹长、产状、空间组合形态等的不确定性和复杂性,使结构面整体几何形态研究存在困难。利用岩体内大量随机展布的不连续面所具有的统计相似性,结合具有统计意义的数学方法进行结构面参数描述,是岩体随机不连续面三维网络模拟的基础,也为岩体稳定性评价提供可靠依据。本文基于数字近景摄影测量技术对长春市净月开发区东升采石场坡面进行调查研究,获取高精度的大量岩体结构面迹长、产状、间距、张开度等几何参数。利用Matlab编制Kolmogorov-Smirnov（K-S）检验程序,实现结构面参数的K-S法概率分布检验,分析了结构面参数所服从的概率分布类型;同时用SPSS软件检验程序正确性,并引入最优拟合度,选取符合多种概率分布参数的最优拟合概率模型。结果表明：研究区内结构面迹长、间距服从对数正态分布规律,产状服从伽马分布规律。 相似文献
11.
混凝土喷层支护节理岩体等效力学模型及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
考虑喷层在节理面局部的限剪和限裂作用,提出喷层支护节理岩体流变模型,在此基础上推导出喷层支护节理岩体的本构关系,建立了一种喷层支护节理岩体等效力学模型。采用该模型进行结构有限元计算,喷层、节理均不需要离散网格,进行等效模拟;当实际节理裂隙的数量与方向或喷层的厚度变化时,也不需要变化计算网格,从而可降低前处理工作量,为大型复杂结构的计算分析提供较大便利。最后,通过算例和实际工程验证了该模型的有效性--不仅具有离散模型便于模拟喷层真实作用机制的优点,而且具有等效模拟简单易行的优点,具有较好的工程应用前景。 相似文献
12.
M. Singh 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2000,33(2):141-147
Summary ?Deformational behaviour of jointed rocks is governed both by the properties of the joints and the intact rock. The applicability
of a constitutive model to predict the stress-strain behaviour of a jointed block mass is discussed in this note. The stress-strain
curves predicted by the model are compared with the experimental curves from physical model tests. It is observed that the
model predicts the tangent modulus of the mass very closely. The failure strains are, however, underestimated, which may be
due to the constant value of shear stiffness, resulting in linear stress-strain response by the model. The non-linear response
of stress-strain curves can be obtained by using a variable value of the shear stiffness of the joints. A simple approach
has been presented to assign variable stiffnesses, based on direct shear test results on joints. It is found that by assuming
a variable stiffness the axial strains can also be predicted accurately. The transverse strain, however, remains highly underestimated
by the model. 相似文献
13.
节理的存在是岩体明显区别于岩石的一个重要特征,也是导致岩体具有非均质性及各向异性的一个重要因素。节理岩体在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的破坏特征不仅是岩体力学研究的一个热点问题,也是岩石爆破领域经常遇到的一个工程问题。目前,常用的有限元和离散元等数值方法都不能很客观地反映岩体中节理分布的实际规律,而最新出现的数值流形方法则完全能够按照岩体中节理的实际分布规律进行建模,并能够很好地模拟岩体在外力作用下新裂纹的产生及已有节理的开裂。对3种不同节理岩体,即无节理岩体、均布水平节理岩体、均布垂直节理岩体等在均布垂直于圆周方向上的冲击荷载作用下的破坏过程进行了模拟。由模拟结果可以明显看出,节理的存在对岩体的破坏型式起到了关键性的控制作用。对于完整岩体,其破坏型式呈现出了很好的对称性;而对于水平及垂直节理岩体,其破坏型式在很大程度上受到节理分布的控制。研究结果对岩石爆破工程设计具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
14.
Prof. M. Oda T. Yamabe Y. Ishizuka H. Kumasaka H. Tada K. Kimura 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1993,26(2):89-112
Summary An elastic stress-strain relation is formulated in terms of crack tensors which makes it possible to take into account explicitly the effect of joints on elastic behavior of rock masses. The present study is to discuss some related topics which may be encountered in its practical application. Two problems are solved by incorporating the elastic stress-strain relation into a program for three-dimensional finite element analyses; i. e., stress concentration by surface loading and displacement by excavation of an intersecting tunnel. Validity of the results is checked by comparing them with a laboratory model test and a field test, with the following conclusions: The overall distribution of stress definitely depends on a joint stiffness ratio (i. e., normal stiffness to shear stiffness). If the ratio is chosen as unity, the stress concentration occurs mainly in the direction parallel to major joints. If the ratio is high, say 10, then the stress concentrates along the perpendicular as well as the parallel directions to major joints. It can be said, on the basis of the fairly good agreement of the calculations using the high stiffness ratio with the field and laboratory measurements, that the elastic solution by crack tensors provides a practical tool for estimating the stress and strain in strongly jointed rock masses. 相似文献
15.
16.
针对目前节理岩体损伤本构模型中仅考虑节理等宏观缺陷造成的损伤,而没有考虑岩块中微裂纹等微观损伤的不足,提出了综合考虑宏微观损伤的节理岩体本构模型。其中微观损伤模型采用基于应变强度理论和岩石微元强度服从Weibull分布假定的统计损伤模型,把其应用于被节理切割而成的岩块。而宏观损伤模型主要基于连续介质力学原理,把节理对岩体性质的劣化作为损伤来考虑。在考虑节理传压及传剪系数的基础上,提出了综合考虑宏微观复合损伤的节理岩体本构模型。算例表明宏观节理的存在大大削弱了岩体的强度,降低了其刚度,增大了其柔性。所提出的模型能够较好地反映宏微观两类损伤对岩体应力-应变关系及强度的影响,较为合理。 相似文献
17.
Propagation of elastic waves in discontinuous media is studied in this paper by the scattering matrix method (SMM). An electromagnetic transmission line analogy is also used to set up the mathematical model. The SMM operates in the frequency domain and allows for all wave polarizations (P, SV and SH). Rock masses are examples of discontinuous media in which the discontinuities (fractures or joints) influence wave propagation. Both elastic and viscoelastic joints are considered and the latter are described by Kelvin–Voigt, Maxwell and Burgers models. Rock joints with Coulomb slip behavior are also analyzed, by applying the averaging principle of Caughy (J Appl Mech 27:640–643, 1960). The evaluation of the effects of periodic discontinuities in a homogeneous medium is presented by introducing the concept of Bloch waves. The dispersion curves of these waves are useful to explain the existence of frequency bands of strong attenuation, also in the case of lossless (perfectly elastic) structures. Simple expressions of transmission and reflection coefficients are obtained. Finally, the SMM results are compared with those computed via the distinct element method (DEM). The comparisons are performed on a medium with joints with Coulomb slip behavior and the agreement is satisfactory, although the SMM must be applied in conjunction with the equivalent linearization technique. Even if the DEM is much more general, the SMM in these simple cases is extremely faster and provides a higher physical insight. 相似文献
18.
A numerical study on 2-D compressive wave propagation in rock masses with a set of joints along the radial direction normal to the joints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An explosion in a borehole or an accidental explosion in a tunnel will generate a two-dimensional (2-D) compressive wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass. For the problem of 2-D compressive wave propagation in a rock mass with parallel joints in the radial direction normal to the joints, parametric studies on the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are performed in universal distinct element code. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength is generalized into a characteristic curve, which can be used as a prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is obtained in charts. The charts can be used as a prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio. The proposed prediction models for estimating the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are applied to a field explosion test, Mandai test in Singapore. The minimum possible values of peak particle velocity (PPV) at the monitoring points are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio along the radial direction normal to the joints. On the other hand, the maximum possible values of PPV are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio along the same radial direction. The comparison shows a good agreement between the field-recorded PPVs and the estimated range of PPVs given by the minimum possible PPVs and the maximum possible PPVs at the monitoring points in Mandai test. The good agreement between the estimated and field-recorded values validates the proposed prediction models for estimating peak particle velocity in a rock mass with a set of joints due to application of a compressive wave at the boundary of a tunnel or a borehole. 相似文献
19.
Rock joint modeling using a visco-plastic multilaminate model at constant normal load condition 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Reza Mahin Roosta Mohammad Hossein Sadaghiani Ali Pak Yaser Saleh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1449-1468
Rock joints play an important role in the behavior of rock masses under normal and shear loading conditions. Numerical simulation
of the behavior of jointed rock masses is not an easy task due to complexities involved in the problem such as joint roughness,
joint shear strength, hardening and softening phenomenon and mesh dependency. In this study for modeling purposes, a visco-plastic
multilaminate model considering hardening and softening effects has been employed. For providing the necessary data for numerical
simulation, a series of laboratory experiments have been carried out on regular tooth-shape asperities made by gypsum, under
constant normal load conditions. Shear stress–shear displacement and normal displacement–shear displacement of artificial
joint specimens are simulated using the proposed numerical model at constant normal load condition (CNL). The results indicate
the capability of the model for simulating rock joints behavior in both strength and deformation field. Although the numerical
model has been developed for simulating the behavior of artificial joints, the concept of the method can also be used for
natural rock joints. 相似文献
20.
利用二维颗粒流程序生成5种不同粗糙程度的节理模型,并对5种节理模型进行了5种不同法向恒定荷载作用下的直剪试验,从细观角度分析了不同粗糙程度的节理模型在法向荷载下的形貌损伤情况和裂纹演化机制。与此同时,分析了节理JRC值和节理面颗粒摩擦系数对节理抗剪强度影响,并反推出了节理面抗剪强度参数Cj与?j与JRC值的关系。结果为：法向恒定荷载越大时,节理峰值抗剪应力越大,剪胀现象越小,节理形貌损伤范围越大。随着剪切的进行,上下节理面接触范围减小,微裂纹开始主要沿节理面产生,随着剪切位移的继续增加微裂纹数量显著增加,并且不局限于节理面附近而深入到模型内部。随着节理粗糙程度（JRC值）和节理面颗粒摩擦系数的增加节理峰值抗剪应力也增大。节理抗剪强度参数Cj与?j随着JRC值的增大而增大。所得结果可以为室内试验和工程应用提供参考和依据。 相似文献