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1.
从我国高氟地下水的实际分布情况来看,北方地区是高氟地下水的主要分布地区,很多人因为饮用该种地下水而出现一定的疾病,对当地老百姓的生命健康产生不良影响。地下水的高度集中需要经过一系列较为复杂的化学过程。本文以鲁西南地区的水质调查为例,对高氟地下水的空间分布规律进行了分析,并进一步探讨了其形成的原因,以供相关工作人员参考。 相似文献
2.
在自然界,高氟、高砷、高矿化度劣质地下水(简称"三高地下水")一般多为伴生关系,且多赋存于以黏土、亚黏土等细颗粒为主的沉积岩地层中,细颗粒岩性及高矿化度地下水表现为低电阻率的地球物理特征。因此,通过圈定低电阻率值的分布范围划分出细颗粒岩性地层与高矿化度地下水的分布范围,从而达到在劣质地下水区中圈定出可饮用地下水分布范围的目的。文中通过对地层电阻率、地下水电阻率与地下水孔隙度、地下水矿化度之间数学关系的研究,建立了以高分辨率电法为主的在劣质地下水区勘查可饮用地下水的地球物理勘查模式,并在新疆等地进行了应用,取得了较好的效果,为在劣质地下水区勘查可饮用地下水提供了一种新的技术思路。 相似文献
3.
山东省临沂地区地处郯庐深大断裂的中段,4条主干断裂横穿全区。为了监视震情,临沂地区地震办公室充分发挥本区的优势,广泛开展横向合作,经过两年的努力,目前已初步建成了以深、浅井相结合的地下水观测网。这个地下水观测网分深井水动态观测和宏观水动态观测。深井水动态观测主要掌握深层地下水的变化情况,研究微动态及其变化规律;宏观水动态一般采用民用井、泉,面广、控制范围较大、建井的原则是:①把深部观测与较浅部的观测结合起来,以便了解应力的分布 相似文献
4.
降雨对汤坑群井水位动态影响的剖析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文详细调查汤坑盆地水文地质条件的基础上，系统分析了盆地内６口地震地下水动态观测井的水位年、月、日动态及其与相应时段的雨特征的关系，提出了该区深井承压水的水动力系统与水动态类型的多样性、井区降雨对不同频带的井水位动态影响的差异性与对不同井的水位动态影响的复杂性及降雨对深井水位动态影响是以水压力传导为主的认识与观点。 相似文献
5.
以贺兰山东麓断裂带内地下水为研究对象,运用Piper三线图、离子比值等方法对研究区内丰水期与枯水期地下水的水化学特征进行分析,探讨了断裂与水化学组成及地震活动的关系,并建立贺兰山东麓地区地下水成因模型。结果表明：(1)区域地下水总体偏弱碱性,阳离子以Ca2+和Na+为主,阴离子以HCO-3和SO2-4为主;(2)区域地下水主要受大气降水补给,补给高程为1.07～2.04 km。Na-K-Mg三角图显示,研究区地下水为“未成熟水”。绝大多数水样的矿物饱和指数SI<0,表明区域地下水中各个离子含量大体处于未饱和状态。利用温标法估算该区域地下水的热储温度为74.6℃～114.1℃,循环深度为1.7～2.8 km;(3)地下水样中的Sr、Ba、Li等微量元素富集因子EF>1,富集程度高,其余大部分微量元素含量较低,说明当地地下水为未成熟水,矿化度低,水岩反应程度不强。(4)研究区地下水出露点主要沿贺兰山东麓断裂展布,水温、矿化度、矿物饱和指数及水循环深... 相似文献
6.
冀中地区氟的水文地球化学特征及其与地震关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了冀中地区氟的水文地球化学特征。结果表明,基岩地下水中氟的含量与地下水温度和二氟化碳含量呈正相关趋势,说明除高氟的火山岩地区外,它们是影响地下水中氟含量的主要因素。由于氟与钙能形成难溶化合物氟化钙,因此地下水中钙离子的含量能制约水中氟的增加,只有低钙高钠的地下水才有利于氟离子在水中的富集。最后指出地震孕育过程有可能引起地下水中氟含量的变化,并列举了在某些地震前浅牛_6等井氟出现的可能的前兆变化。 相似文献
7.
黔西南高砷煤中砷存在形式的初步研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
利用电子探针、扫描电镜_能谱分析、X衍射分析、低温灰化、透射电镜、X射线吸收精细结构分析、化学成分分析结果对黔西南高砷煤中砷的存在形式进行了初步研究 ,高砷煤中的砷主要以 5价 (含砷磷酸盐和砷酸盐 )的形式存在 ,少量砷以含砷硫化物如含砷黄铁矿、毒砂、雌黄 ( ?)形式存在 .在砷含量最高的H2样品中可能主要以有机砷的形式存在 . 相似文献
8.
上覆水pH值和总磷浓度对含铁盐的高砷沉积物中砷迁移转化的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
含铁盐的高砷沉积物中,上覆水p H值和总磷浓度的变化对砷迁移的影响尚不明确.以含铁盐的高砷沉积物为研究对象,通过实验观测其暴露在不同p H值的上覆水及经过不同初始p H值、不同初始总磷浓度的溶液淋洗后,沉积物中砷的迁移规律.结果表明:当沉积物暴露在p H=10和11的上覆水时,分别在第11 d和第6 d后,沉积物中的砷溶出速度突然增大,说明当沉积物处于强碱性上覆水环境中,碱性越强,砷的溶出速度越快、溶出量越大.从室内实验条件的角度来看,上覆水的碱化有可能会增加沉积物中砷溶出的风险.而上覆水p H值在4~8之间时,上覆水的酸碱度对沉积物砷的迁移影响较小.此外,当上覆水总磷浓度不高于0.5 mg/L时,磷的竞争吸附对砷的迁移影响较小. 相似文献
9.
在新疆阿克苏地区水文地质调查基础上,根据当地地形、地貌条件,采用EH-4型电导率成像系统,在研究区域内做了面积性的水文物探工作,结合水文地质与地球物理场特征,根据剖面上纵横向电性特征以及深度切片资料,在当地的地质条件下,从水文地质的角度分析当地地下水赋存位置、埋深和类型,并查明地下水资源可开发利用情况,根据电阻率值的变化圈定和保护低矿化度地下水层位与区域,并指出可重点关注的区域,为当地政府规划解决人畜饮用高矿化度地下水问题提供了科学的依据. 相似文献
10.
本文首先对1987年冬春在吉辽蒙交界地区出现的大面积地下涌水现象进行了分析。认为:该区因1986年秋季大量集中降雨,使浅层地下水极度饱和,冬季上层冻结暂时变成隔水层,同时给下层以巨大的冻胀负荷压力成为承压状态,当温度稍高时,在薄弱部位形成岛状融化,下层水夺路而出,造成涌水现象,此现象随冻土层的消融而消失。其次,通过吉林省及辽吉蒙地区15口井,对区域地下水动态进行分析,特别对蛟河井水位趋势下降和四平井水位趋势上升进行重点解剖、认为该区井水位基本处于正常动态阶段,与区域构造活动关系不大。 相似文献
11.
A geochemical study was carried out in a small spa area (Onyang Spa, Korea) where intensive pumping of deep thermal groundwater (1 300 000 m3 year−1) is taking place. This has caused the deep fractures to lose their artesian pressure and the upper shallow fractures have been encroached by shallow, cold waters. To quantify the influence of long‐term heavy pumping on the quality of the geothermal water, groundwater sampling and chemical analysis, water‐level measurement, and well loggings were performed for the selected deep thermal wells and shallow cold wells. Chemical analysis results indicate a big contrast in water chemistry and origins between the two water types. Shallow groundwater shows a wider concentration ranges in solutes that are closely related to human activity, illustrating the water's vulnerability to contamination near the land surface. Plots of water chemistry as a function of fluoride reveal that the quality of the thermal water was greatly influenced by the shallow, cold groundwater and that intensive pumping of the deep thermal groundwater has caused the introduction of shallow groundwater into the deeper fractures. Although the deep and the shallow fractures were piezometrically separated to some extent, a mixing model based on fluoride and nitrate indicated that the cold‐water fractions in the thermal wells are up to 50%. This suggests that the thermal water is faced with water quality degradation by the downward flow of the shallow, cold water. Restriction on the total of all the pumpage permits per unit area is suggested to restore the artesian pressure of the deep thermal aquifer and to prevent cold‐water intrusion in the study area. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
The geology, hydrology and types of groundwater exploitation of the Amsterdam dune-water catchment area with artificial recharge of water from the river Rhine are briefly introduced. A classification of natural and artificial watertypes in the catchment is presented together with their genesis and distribution in space and time. The natural, vertical, hydrochemical zonation in fresh, brackish and salt groundwaters has been disturbed by decades of overdraft and the subsequent start of artificial recharge since 1957. Various mixed-water types resulted. A detailed case study of a part of the catchment area (around the Barnaart-Schuster Canal) covers a period of about 50 years. The decisive influence of geological inhomogeneities on the patterns of saltwater encroachment during the period of overdraft and on the patterns of infiltration of river water into the deep aquifer after the start of artificial recharge are demonstrated. The shifts in the subsurface positions of the various water types due to changes in the groundwater management of the catchment area are elucidated. They give an example of displacement and dispersion phenomena under field conditions. 相似文献
13.
Dramatic decreases in groundwater quality have raised widespread concerns about water supplies and ecological crises in China. In this study, hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, and graphical and multivariate statistical methods are integrated to identify hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the Yuncheng Basin, China. Our results show that groundwater with 21 variables (pH, temperature-T, total dissolved solid, major-trace elements, and stable isotopes) is chemically classified into three distinct clusters: fresh water [C1], brackish-saline water [C2], and saline water [C3]. Groundwater salinization is identified as the prime process in controlling groundwater quality for shallow groundwater and deep groundwater in the lowland areas. Large-scale As, F, or B contaminations found in groundwater are closely related to groundwater salinization, agricultural activity, and the exploration of geothermal water in the area. With respect to the risk of contamination, groundwater in the basin is spatially divided into the following: shallow groundwater with a high risk located in the north side of the Salt Lake, shallow groundwater with a moderate risk, and deep groundwater with a low to moderate risk. Nationally, the increasing demand on groundwater is threatened by a range of environmental and health pressures, including salinization and contaminations of nitrate, As, F, or B. Our study indicates that natural water-rock interactions and hydrogeological conditions are significant factors controlling these contaminations. Systematic management and regulation of existing groundwater resources are required to prevent further deterioration of groundwater resources. Policies should be made and implemented to ensure “green” exploitation of geothermal water. 相似文献
14.
Based on the study of groundwater isotope(2H and 18O, 34S, 15N, 3H, 14C) in Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou area, it is found that the deep confined groundwater has no pollution on the whole, whereas the shallow groundwater is polluted to a different degree in the area. The deep confined aquifers (main exploitation aquifers) in Changzhou area and in Wuxi and Suzhou area likely belong to two different aquifers. The main exploitation aquifers in Changzhou area are not connected with those in Wuxi and Suzhou area, or they are connected but not expedited. The lateral run-off of groundwater is at present directed to the exploitation center because of overexploitation of the deep groundwater for a long time, but the flowing speed of groundwater is still extremely slow. The deep confined groundwater is in a close to half close state. The 14C age of groundwater varies from 10000 a BP to 38000 a BP, with the oldest groundwater found at the nearest exploitation center (along the line of three cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou) and the youngest at the furthest exploitation center. 相似文献
15.
To identify the groundwater flow system in the North China Plain, the chemical and stable isotopes of the groundwater and surface water were analysed along the Chaobai River and Yongding River basin. According to the field survey, the study area in the North China Plain was classified hydrogeologically into three parts: mountain, piedmont alluvial fan and lowland areas. The change of electrical conductance and pH values coincided with groundwater flow from mountain to lowland areas. The following groundwater types are recognized: Ca? HCO3 and Ca? Mg? HCO3 in mountain areas, Ca? Mg? HCO3 and Na? K? HCO3 in piedmont alluvial fan areas, and HCO3? Na in lowland areas. The stable isotope distribution of groundwater in the study area also has a good corresponding relation with other chemical characteristics. Stable isotope signatures reveal a major recharge from precipitation and surface water in the mountain areas. Chemical and stable isotope analysis data suggest that mountain and piedmont alluvial fan areas were the major recharge zones and the lowland areas belong to the main discharge zone. Precipitation and surface water were the major sources for groundwater in the North China Plain. Stable isotopic enrichment of groundwater near the dam area in front of the piedmont alluvial fan areas shows that the dam water infiltrated to the ground after evaporation. As a result, from the stable isotope analysis, isotope value of groundwater tends to deplete from sea level (horizontal ground surface) to both top of the mountain and the bottom of the lowland areas in symmetrically. This suggests that groundwater in the study area is controlled by the altitude effect. Shallow groundwater in the study area belongs to the local flow system and deep groundwater part of the regional flow system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
A synthesis of groundwater ages, recharge rates and information on processes affecting groundwater quality in northern China highlights the major challenges faced for sustainable management of the region's groundwater. Direct recharge rates range from hundreds of millimetres per year in the North China Plain, to tens of millimetres per year in the Loess Plateau to less than 4 mm/year in the arid northwest. Recharge rates and mechanisms to deep semiconfined and confined aquifers are poorly constrained; however, on the basis of available data, these are likely to be mostly negligible. Severe groundwater level declines (0.5–3 m/year) have occurred throughout northern China in the last three to four decades, particularly in deep aquifers. Radiocarbon dating, stable isotope and noble gas data show that the most intensively extracted deep groundwater is palaeowater, recharged under different climate and land cover conditions to the present. Reservoir construction has reduced surface runoff in mountain‐front areas that would naturally recharge regional Quaternary aquifers in many basins. In combination with intensive irrigation practices, this has resulted in the main recharge source shifting from surface runoff and mountain‐front recharge to irrigation returns. This has reduced infiltration of fresh recharge at basin margins and rapidly increased nitrate concentrations and overall mineralisation in phreatic groundwater over wide areas (in some cases to >400 mg/l and >10 g/l, respectively). In some basins, there is evidence that poor quality shallow water has leaked into deep layers (>200 m) via preferential flow, mixing with palaeowaters stored in semiconfined aquifers. High concentrations of naturally occurring fluoride and arsenic (locally >8.5 and >4 mg/l, respectively) have recently lead to the abandonment of numerous supply wells in northern China, creating further pressure on stressed water resources. Increasing water demand from direct and indirect consumption poses major challenges for water management in northern China, which must consider the full water cycle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Prediction of Groundwater Quality Trends Resulting from Anthropogenic Changes in Southeast Florida 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of surface water flow system changes caused by constructing water‐conservation areas and canals in southeast Florida on groundwater quality under the Atlantic Coastal Ridge was investigated with numerical modeling. Water quality data were used to delineate a zone of groundwater with low total dissolved solids (TDS) within the Biscayne aquifer under the ridge. The delineated zone has the following characteristics. Its location generally coincides with an area where the Biscayne aquifer has high transmissivities, corresponds to a high recharge area of the ridge, and underlies a part of the groundwater mound formed under the ridge prior to completion of the canals. This low TDS groundwater appears to be the result of pre‐development conditions rather than seepage from the canals constructed after the 1950s. Numerical simulation results indicate that the time for low TDS groundwater under the ridge to reach equilibrium with high TDS surface water in the water‐conservation areas and Everglades National Park are approximately 70 and 60 years, respectively. The high TDS groundwater would be restricted to the water‐conservation areas and the park due to its slow eastward movement caused by small hydraulic gradients in Rocky Glades and its mixing with the low TDS groundwater under the high‐recharge area of the ridge. The flow or physical boundary conditions such as high recharge rates or low hydraulic conductivity layers may affect how the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in an aquifer will change when a groundwater flow system reaches equilibrium with an associated surface water flow system. 相似文献
18.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1149-1162
AbstractGroundwater quality problems have emerged in many geographical areas due to natural environmental processes and human intervention in the geosystems. Hydrogeochemical appraisal of fluoride contaminated groundwater in Mehsana District, Gujarat State, India is carried out by means of groundwater quality investigations together with X-ray diffraction analysis of soil samples in the delineated high fluoride areas. Results show that fluoride has negative relationships with calcium, whereas relationships with sodium, alkalinity and sulphate are positive. Results obtained from aqueous speciation modelling using PHREEQC reveal that the groundwater is undersaturated with fluorite and oversaturated with calcite. The factor analysis indicates that sodium plus potassium bicarbonate groundwater have high factor loading for fluoride, whereas that for calcium chloride and magnesium chloride groundwater is low. The plausible geochemical reactions in the study area are precipitation of calcite and dissolution of dolomite, carbon dioxide and sulphate minerals with ion exchange. 相似文献
19.
The area east of Varanasi is one of numerous places along the watershed of the Ganges River with groundwater concentrations of arsenic surpassing the maximum value of 10 parts per billion (ppb) recommended by the World Health Organization in drinking water. Here we apply geostatistics and compositional data analysis for the mapping of arsenic and iron to help in understanding the conditions leading to the occurrence of elevated level of arsenic in groundwater. The methodology allows for displaying concentrations of arsenic and iron as maps consistent with the limited information from 95 water wells across an area of approximately 210 km2; visualization of the uncertainty associated with the sampling; and summary of the findings in the form of probability maps. For thousands of years, Varanasi has been on the erosional side in a meander of the river that is free of arsenic values above 10 ppb. Maps reveal two anomalies of high arsenic concentrations on the depositional side of the valley, which has started seeing urban development. The methodology using geostatistics combined with compositional data analysis is completely general, so this study could be used as a prototype for hydrochemistry mapping in other areas. 相似文献