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本文介绍了黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀强度的模糊分析模型的构造原理和方法。利用模糊子集的理论建立了土壤侵蚀强度分级的隶属函数，构造了土壤侵蚀强度计算表，用该表计算得出了土壤侵蚀强度指数，并用模糊相容度的原理对土壤侵蚀强度进行分等定级。用该模型对陕北安塞县的土壤侵蚀进行了试验研究。试验结果表明，该模型的预测精度较高，能客观地反映黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀强度的动态变化。 相似文献
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基于SPOT 5和北京一号小卫星数据的北京北部山区土壤侵蚀变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2004年10月SPOT 5卫星影像及2007年9月北京一号小卫星多光谱和全色影像,以植被覆盖度、坡度、土壤可蚀性和土地利用4种影响因子作为辅助数据,进行土壤侵蚀信息提取。利用所提取的信息,分析2004~2007年北京北部山区土壤侵蚀在空间、面积上的变化状况、强度类型转化状况以及变化的驱动力。分析结果表明,北京北部山区土壤侵蚀主要为轻度侵蚀与中度侵蚀,以轻度侵蚀为主; 2004~2007年北京北部山区虽然局部地区土壤侵蚀强度增强,但土壤侵蚀总面积减少,大体上呈中度→轻度→微度发展趋势,总体状况得到明显改善。 相似文献
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针对神东矿区土壤侵蚀生态破坏及煤炭开采对矿井采区土壤侵蚀的影响问题,该文基于RUSLE模型,提出一种基于矿区和矿井尺度探究矿区土壤侵蚀演变特征并结合地理探测器进行驱动力分析的研究方法。结果表明:(1)矿区尺度上土壤侵蚀呈加重趋势,1989—2019年土壤侵蚀量增加30.28×10~5 t,空间上以微度和轻度侵蚀散布全区,中度和强度侵蚀次之,极强度和剧烈侵蚀最少;(2)矿井尺度上,补连塔、榆家梁矿井受到采矿的负面影响,大柳塔矿井受到生态措施的正面影响,活鸡兔、石圪台矿井受到的负面影响被正面影响消除;(3)各因子对土壤侵蚀的解释力为:坡度>土地利用类型>降雨量>植被覆盖度,因子交互作用的解释力强于单因子,坡度>35°,降雨为416.10～420.69 mm、植被覆盖度为0.5～0.6及未利用地的区域为土壤侵蚀高风险区。该研究方法可摸清矿区的土壤侵蚀变化规律以及矿井受采矿活动的干扰,为矿区实行生态管理提供决策支持。 相似文献
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土壤侵蚀的变化受到地表覆盖、植被覆盖度、地形地貌等多种因素的影响。本文选取新化县作为湖南省典型区域进行研究,基于土地利用数据、数字高程模型,依据土壤侵蚀面蚀分级指标、通用土壤流失模型、坡度因子,建立土壤侵蚀风险评价方案,完成2020年新化县土壤侵蚀强度计算,并结合2008年土壤侵蚀数据进行时空分析。结果表明：2020年新化县土壤侵蚀量略有增加,但均属于轻度土壤侵蚀;两个年度的轻度、强度、极强度、剧烈土壤侵蚀空间分布基本相同;相比2008年,由于荒山造林,2020年土壤侵蚀强度为强度、极强度、剧烈的地区得到了一定改善,同时由于灌木林和旱地面积的增加,2020年部分地区的中度水土流失加剧。本文方法利用遥感影像与土地利用数据可快速监测土壤侵蚀的变化趋势,为相关部门提供方法依据与数据支持,为生态环境改善提供有利服务。 相似文献
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孤山川流域近30年土壤侵蚀时空动态特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对区域水土保持效益评价、土壤流失治理的需求,选择黄土高原土壤侵蚀较为严重的孤山川流域为研究区,定量研究了孤山川流域近30a的土壤侵蚀时空变异特征。结果表明,1975~2006年间,研究区土壤侵蚀的变化分两个阶段。第一阶段为1975~1986年,土壤侵蚀强度加剧,侵蚀面积增加了138.13km2,流域东南部增加最多;第二阶段为1986~2006年,全流域土壤侵蚀强度减弱,侵蚀面积减少了163.09km2,1986年和1997年,东部地区减弱趋势更明显。中度以上的土壤侵蚀主要发生在高程1 070~1 300m处,都对应于18°~35°的陡坡地;1975年和2006年,中度以上侵蚀分别集中在900~1 150和1 300~1 800,单位为MJ·mm·hm-2·h-1。流域土壤侵蚀主要发生在耕地和林地。1975~2006年,耕地面积减少,林草地面积增加,土地利用向良性循环发展。可为认识黄土丘陵沟壑区I副区土壤侵蚀规律和该区土壤侵蚀防治宏观决策提供科学支撑。 相似文献
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针对定量分析土壤侵蚀在各坡度等级上的空间分布研究较少的现状,该文选用通用的土壤流失预报方程,对云蒙湖流域1986—2010年间的土壤水力侵蚀状况进行了定量的估算,以探讨不同坡度上的土壤侵蚀特征,并进一步分析了土壤侵蚀变化与人类活动的关系。分析得出:土壤侵蚀强度发生在人类活动比较频繁的区域上(8~25°坡度)更为严重;2010年比1986年强度以上所占比例在15°坡度等级上相对更低,在15°坡度等级上有所增加;云蒙湖流域主要土壤侵蚀量发生在25°坡度上;2010年比1986年耕地面积减少、林地和居民用地面积增加是土壤侵蚀降低的主要因素。 相似文献
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基于知识库和空间信息耦合模型的北川县震后土壤侵蚀分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于土壤水力侵蚀分级标准,考虑地震造成的特殊土壤侵蚀类型,构建了地震重灾区土壤侵蚀强度分级知识库;综合利用RS和GIS技术,结合专家知识判断,快速提取了四川省北川县土地利用、地面坡度、植被盖度、特殊侵蚀类型等土壤侵蚀因子空间信息;基于EcoHAT系统中的知识库和空间信息耦合型土壤侵蚀模型,快速完成了北川县震后土壤侵蚀强度的判定与分析.结果表明,地震使北川县土壤侵蚀加剧,相比2000年全国土壤侵蚀遥感调查成果,震后土壤侵蚀面积增加了275.13km2,增长量为23.83%;特殊侵蚀类型面积占北川县面积的2.48%;林地土壤侵蚀面积最大,占总侵蚀面积的一半以上;耕地土壤侵蚀比例为98.95%;坡度是北川县土壤侵蚀的主要贡献因子,植被则是主要控制因子,坡耕地治理是今后北川县土壤侵蚀控制的重点. 相似文献
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在地形破碎的黄土丘陵地区,利用航空遥感图像分析沟谷密度、沟谷发育阶段、地貌形态及其与土壤侵蚀强度之间的相关性,收到了良好的效果。研究表明,包括切沟在内的黄土丘陵区的沟谷密度值可高达20 km/km~2以上;黄土冲沟的发育阶段不同,其侵蚀强度也相应变化;切沟发育最活跃和最密集的地段,其侵蚀强度也最大。根据土壤侵蚀总量与侵蚀强度之间的相关,建立了土壤侵蚀模型,并利用遥感图像划分了土壤侵蚀综合类型,从而可用多元回归分析方法求算各侵蚀类型的侵蚀强度,为预测区域侵蚀总量开辟了新的技术途径。 相似文献
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近30年来密云水库上游水土流失动态监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用修正的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE,综合考虑降雨、土壤可蚀性、地形、土地覆盖和水土保持措施等因素,计算得密云水库上游地区1990年、2000年和2008年3期的土壤侵蚀数据,并对土壤侵蚀变化结果及其原因进行分析,发现：①研究区近20年水土流失状况经历由加剧到减轻的过程,但总体来说是减轻的,1990～2008年减轻区面积和加剧区面积分别为3083．11km。和2287．71km2;②研究区水土流失变化的原因主要为以土地利用类型变化为特征的人为因素,降雨也有影响,而与坡度没有关系。 相似文献
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Javed Mallick Yasser Alashker Shams Al-Deen Mohammad Mohd Ahmed Mohd Abul Hasan 《国际地球制图》2013,28(8):915-940
Soil erosion is the most important factor in land degradation and influences desertification in semi-arid areas. A comprehensive methodology that integrates revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and GIS was adopted to determine the soil erosion risk (SER) in semi-arid Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. Geoenvironmental factors viz. rainfall (R), soil erodibility (K), slope (LS), cover management and practice factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss. The high potential soil erosion, resulting from high denuded slope, devoid of vegetation cover and high intensity rainfall, is located towards the north western part of the study area. The analysis is investigated that the SER over the vegetation cover including dense vegetation, sparse vegetation and bushes increases with the higher altitude and higher slope angle. The erosion maps generated with RUSLE integrated with GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning/management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas. 相似文献
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Temporal and spatial relationships between soil erosion and ecological restoration in semi-arid regions: a case study in northern Shaanxi,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xin Wen 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(4):572-590
ABSTRACTTo assess the effects of the Grain for Green Program (GGP) on soil erosion is essential to support better land management policies in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Studies on the evaluation of the effects of the GGP on soil erosion have garnered heightened attention. However, few studies examined the efficiency of GGP on soil erosion control through spatial relationship analysis. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing the spatial variation relationship between soil erosion and GGP in northern Shaanxi, Chinese Loess Plateau, from 1988 to 2015. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to quantify changes in soil erosion at the regional and watershed scales, and the Geographically Weighted Regression model was used to analyze the spatial relationships between land use and land cover (LULC) and soil erosion. Our results indicated that the major characteristic of LULC change during the GGP was a rapid increase of vegetation area and a rapid decrease of cropland. Bare lands contributed to the most serious soil loss, followed by croplands and sparse grasslands. The GGP had a globally positive influence on the decrease in soil erosion over the study area, but the amount of soil erosion in western and northern regions maintained a severe level. Spatial heterogeneity in the nature of the relationships among different vegetation, croplands, and soil erosion was also observed. The change rate of wood and the change rate of soil erosion in northern sub-watershed represented a negative relationship, while the change rate of sparse grassland was negatively correlated to the change rate of soil erosion in 21 sub-watersheds, account for 72% of the study area. The GGP implemented in northern sub-watersheds were more effective for soil erosion control than southern sub-watersheds. We propose that current areas of vegetation can support soil erosion control in the whole northern Shaanxi, but local-scale ecological restoration can be considered in northern sub-watersheds. 相似文献
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The accurate assessment of soil erosion in the spatial environment can give valuable input in designing reservoirs and for preparing watershed management action plans. Rangit River in northeastern India is affected by severe soil erosion, causing reduction in its reservoir capacity. The main aim of the paper is to estimate the soil erosion in the Rangit catchment, India through a process-based soil erosion model that integrates remote sensing and field data in the geospatial domain, and also to identify the problem areas for further watershed management action plans. Various topographic parameters that were derived from land use, soil texture and a digital elevation model were used for the estimation of soil erosion. The Morgan, Morgan and Finny model was used to compute soil erosion. Based on the drainage pattern, the catchment was divided into eight sub-catchments for detailed study. Annual soil erosion was estimated for four years from 2002 to 2005 using the corresponding year’s meteorological data. Estimated soil erosion was compared with the field data in each year and found very good correlation. 相似文献
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R. L. Karale Y. P. Bali C. P. Singh 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》1976,4(1-2):29-36
Panchromatic vertical aerial photographs in the scale of 1: 15,000 were interpreted for assessment of erosion in the Bcas River Valley Project catchment, Himachal Pradesh in terms of the erosion intensity units. The erosion intensity units imply the relative quantum of sediment yield as deduced from the probable interaction of the significant parameters of erosion comprising physiography, slope, soil characteristics, Vegetation, land use and the visible erosion conditions. The procedure of photo-interpretation as also computation of sediment yield index for each of the different watersheds in the Beas RVP catchment is discussed. The survey revealed that out ofa total of 494 watersheds involving an area of 5.5 lakh ha, 132 watersheds comprising an area of 1.55 lakh ha, have silt yield index of over 1150 and need soil conservation measures on priority basis. Application of photo-interpretation has proved 2 times more efficient than the conventionai method that was followed in a piain area of Matatilla RVP catchment. In a more simpler terrain than Beas catchment and with ideal photographic scale of 1:60,000, the efficiency is expected to increase by 2-3 times than was achieved in Beas RVP catchment 相似文献
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长江上游小流域土壤侵蚀动态模拟与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以长江上游甘肃省尚沟流域为研究区,在遥感影像和GIS空间分析技术支撑下,根据USLE因子算法生成各因子栅格图,借助地图代数运算,估算了尚沟流域1998年和2004年的土壤侵蚀量,并对2004年土壤侵蚀与其环境背景因子进行叠加和空间统计分析。在此基础上,构建了与GIS软件平台集成的地理元胞自动机,模拟了该流域2004年、2010年和2020年土壤侵蚀空间演化情形。结果表明:研究区平均侵蚀量从1998年的6598.1t/km2下降到2004年的5923.3t/km2,侵蚀面积净减少172.3hm2,输沙量减少9.15×104t;1300～1400m的海拔高程带、25～35°坡度带、南坡和旱耕地是发生水土流失的主要区域;经模拟,2010年总侵蚀面积为93.49km2,侵蚀总量73.15×104t,侵蚀模数为5126t/km2,土壤侵蚀状况总体上将有所减缓。 相似文献
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Soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation in arid areas. Soil erosion models, e.g. the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE), use arithmetical expressions to explore relationships among various processes occurring in the terrain. The established model includes soil parameters, slope, climate and human activities to estimate the water erosion rate and sediment yield. In this study, an approach was adopted to integrate RUSLE model and geographic information system to detect erosion vulnerability and determine the soil erosion risk in the study area. The study area is situated in the Eastern Desert, Egypt. Ground truth data were examined to represent two regions: Luxor-Suhag and Suhag–ElMinya. These regions are exampled by four dry valleys named Sannor, Tarfa, Asyut and Qena, which are planned for agricultural development. The results indicate high risk of water erosion and sediment load discharge into the cultivated land in Luxor–Suhag region. The other region of Suhag–ElMinya is moderately affected by water and sediment load discharge. A higher soil erosion rate was found in Qena wadi followed by Asyut, then Tarfa and Sannur, respectively. 相似文献