共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
辐散风和瞬变的涡度通量的异常对定常波年际异常的强迫作用 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
研究了１９８２／１９８３年１２—２月对流层上层由辐散风和瞬变的涡度通量所产生的涡度源异常对定常波异常的强迫作用。结果表明，瞬变的涡度通量辐合的异常有抵消或耗散辐散风产生的涡度源异常的趋势；定常波的异常是在这两种强迫力的共同作用下维持的。同时还表明，对１９８２／１９８３年的情况，热带和赤道中东太平洋上的涡度源异常以及中纬度北太平洋上的涡度源异常都对太平洋／北美地区的大气环流异常起了重要的作用。 相似文献
2.
3.
利用位涡方程和热力适应原理，讨论了因非绝热加热的空间不均匀性导致的大气 动力特征的变化，进一步阐明了副热带地区的深对流凝结潜热加热的垂直非均匀性使副热带高压在中低空出现在热源区以东，在高空出现在热源区以西。在此基础上，深入研究了水平非均匀加热对大气环流的影响。结果表明加热区以北，虽然非绝热加热消失，但存在加热的水平梯度在西风环流的背景下在高低层造成深厚的负涡度强迫。因而高层热源北部边界附近的西风向南偏转进入加热区，造成加热区北部边界及其以北发生次级辐散；低层热源区的南风发生反气旋偏转，汇入加热区外的西风气流中，造成低层加热区北部边界及其以北发生次级辐合。结果该区域产生了垂直上升运动及负的涡度强迫源，对应着异常强烈的反气旋环流。该负涡度强迫源还通过能量频散，在西风带中以Rossby波的形式向中高纬传播，影响中高纬地区的异常环流型。 相似文献
4.
利用常规地面、高空观测、雷达及ERA5再分析等资料，对山东初冬一次极端降水、大风天气成因分析，结果表明：低槽东移发展，冷空气南压，低空切变线配合东北、西北地区地面高压坝形成的“阻挡”形势利于极端降水的产生。本次水汽条件具有较强的极端性，水汽通量辐合远强于气候平均态，925 hPa和700 hPa水汽通量辐合大值区分别与雨、雪区域配合较好。降雨时垂直上升运动中心在边界层，升至600 hPa时转为降雪，降雨时低层辐合、高层辐散，降雪时由低到高呈辐散-辐合-辐散分布。冷锋过境条件对称不稳定触发产生对流，随后在冷锋后侧逆温层上由锋生过程的上升支环流强迫产生高架对流。强冷空气扰动从内蒙古高原下滑至华北平原，与近地面冷平流汇合增强，产生较强变压风，同时促进了势能向动能转换和动量下传。地形强迫造成下沉运动增强，华北地区低层形成锋面次级环流，环流前部锋区暖界面为地转偏差辐合，冷界面为地转偏差辐散。环流内有水平动能和地转偏差大值区，偏北气流和下沉运动使水平动能向南、向下输送，导致地面极端大风。 相似文献
5.
热力适应、过流、频散和副高Ⅱ．水平非均匀加热与能量频散 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用位涡方程和热力适应原理，讨论了因非绝热加热的空间不均匀性导致的大气动力特征的变化，进一步阐明了副热带地区的深对流凝结潜热加热的垂直非均匀性使副热带高压中低空出现在低源区以东，在高空出现在热源区以西。在此基础上，深入研究了水平非均匀加热对大气环流的影响。结果表明加热区以北，虽然非绝热加热消失，但存在加热的水平梯度在西风环流的背景下在高低层造成深厚的负涡度强迫。因而高层热源北部边界附近的西风向南偏转进入加热区，造成加热区北部边界及其以北发生次级辐散；低层热源区的南风发生反气旋偏转，汇入加热区外的西风气流中，造成低层加热区北部边界及其以北发生次级辐合。结果该区域产生了垂直上升运动及负的涡度强迫源，对应着异常强烈的反气旋环流。该负涡强度迫源还通过能量散射，在西风带中以Rossby波的形式向中高纬传播，影响中高纬地区的异常环流型。 相似文献
6.
利用ECMWF资料对2001年6月1~5日东移出高原的低涡个例的动力结构进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)低涡东移过程中,闭合等高线或者闭合气旋式环流的垂直厚度随时间呈加厚趋势;(2)高原低涡在东移过程中,垂直方向上几乎都是正涡度,500hPa上正涡度随时间呈增强趋势;(3)在高原上时涡区明显低层辐合、高层辐散;移出高原后表现为微弱的低层辐合、高层辐散,甚至低层辐散、中层辐合、高层辐散。(4)处于高原上时涡区整层都为上升运动,移出高原以后上升运动微弱,中低空经常为下沉运动。(5)低涡处于高原上时,涡区在边界层始终有水汽辐合,移出高原以后在低空只有微弱的水汽辐合甚至辐散。涡区外围东南侧的槽前脊后区存在低空急流,是水汽通量和水汽辐合的大值区。 相似文献
7.
1998年夏季长江流域降水异常增多,发生了严重的洪涝灾害。本文利用1979-2011年的NCEP再分析月平均资料、Hadley中心的月平均海表温度资料和中国160站降水资料,分析了1998年夏季长江流域强降水的成因。结果表明：1998年夏季,印度尼西亚地区为非绝热加热正异常区,而其东北侧海域的非绝热加热为负异常或较小的正异常,由此形成了西南-东北向的异常加热梯度,使得印度尼西亚地区大气受到异常加热,低层辐合,高层辐散,而在热带西太平洋地区则为低层辐散,高层辐合,形成了西南-东北向垂直环流圈。热带西太平洋地区的低层异常辐散气流可作为异常涡度源,强迫出位于南海中国地区的反气旋性环流。同时,来自印度尼西亚北侧的扰动能量在南海地区辐合,有利于南海地区这一异常反气旋环流的维持。南海地区异常反气旋环流西北侧的西南气流,携带大量热带西太平洋及南海地区的水汽,输送到我国南方地区,并与控制中国东北地区的气旋性环流西南侧的西北气流交汇辐合于长江流域,有利于降水异常事件的产生。 相似文献
8.
利用１９８４年夏季ＥＣＭＷＦ／ＷＭＯ资料分析了低频涡度系统和低频辐散环流系统，讨论了两者之间的相互作用。结果表明西太平洋和南印度洋上的低频涡旋具有对流性天气系统的三维环流特征，低频速度势场在上述两区域表现为最大的辐合辐散强度和最宽广的辐合辐散区，低频散度波的能量频散激发和驱使印度洋至西太平洋区域内辐散环流呈现明显的准４０天振荡。 相似文献
9.
云南一次切变线上中尺度低涡扰动的结构分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用η中尺度数值模式模拟的时空高分辨输出、常规资料、GMS红外云图及TBB资料，对2002年6月25日切变线上中-α尺度低涡扰动的结构、形成过程及冷空气来源进行研究，结果表明，低涡环流的尺度属于中-α尺度，持续时间7小时左右，低涡成熟阶段，700hPa正涡度中心与低涡环流中心相重合，低空急流及强辐合中心位于低涡的东南象限；低涡环流由三股气流构成；低涡区上空存在超强散度柱、倾斜涡柱、深厚的上升运动区及特强垂直上升运动，超强散度柱与特强垂直上升运动互耦，强辐合、辐散中心发生在南、北风辐合、辐散且有强的υ分量垂直梯度处，低层正涡度中心的上方，存在一负涡度中心；最大的水汽辐合位于700hPa及550hPa；低涡区冷空气来自500hPa的滇缅高压；大暴雨中心位于低涡中心的东侧。 相似文献
10.
利用1980—2018年ERA-Interim全球再分析资料,对汉江上游汉中地区暴雨过程纬向风场及瞬变波活动Eliassen-Palm(下简称EP)通量特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:(1)尝试将瞬变波EP通量特征分析应用到汉江流域典型暴雨过程动力特征研究中,天气尺度瞬变波EP通量的辐散可以表征天气尺度扰动的强迫作用,根据热成风原理,角动量和热量的沉积耗散会进一步影响纬向环流的变化。大气中高层瞬变波活动特征可作为提前量反映汉江流域暴雨的发生。(2)暴雨发生前,30°N附近200 hPa有纬向风减速中心,对应200 hPa为EP通量辐散区,EP通量辐散区扩展加强有利于暴雨的发生,这种大气波动的垂直分布特征及其变化对暴雨发生有指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial structure and temporal variations of the stationary wave anomalies in the uppertroposphere during the Northern Hemisphere winter are studied with the ECMWF data of 1980—1988 and PCA(principal component analysis)method.The vorticity source anomalies of the mainteleconnection patterns are analyzed,and their roles in the maintenance of the stationary waveanomaly teleconnection patterns are investigated with the harotropic model.The results show thatthe anomalies of transient vorticity flux convergences tend to cancel the anomaly of vorticitysources generated by divergent winds.The stationary wave anomaly patterns caused by divergentwind anomalies only are very different from observations.However,if the anomalous transientvorticity flux convergences are also included in the vorticity sources,the simulated patterns will begreatly improved. 相似文献
12.
THE FORCING OF ANOMALOUS DIVERGENT WIND AND TRANSIENT VORTICITY FLUXES TO THE ANOMALY OF STATIONARY WAVES 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The forcing of anomalous divergent wind and transient vorticity fluxes to the anomaly ofstationary waves of DJF (December—January—February) 1982/1983 is studied.The results showthat the anomaly of the transient vorticity flux convergence tends to cancel or dissipate the anomalyof the vorticity sources generated by divergent wind.The stationary wave anomalies are maintainedby both of these forcings.It is also found that,for the DJF 1982/1983 case,both of the vorticitysource anomaly over the tropical and equatorial eastern Pacific and that over the midlatitude NorthPacific are important to maintain the atmospheric circulation anomaly over the Pacific/NorthAmerica region. 相似文献
13.
Regional anomalies of the surface climate over Europe are defined by a simultanous EOF-analysis of the normalized monthly mean sea level pressure, temperature and precipitation fields of 100 winters (December–February, 1887–1986) at 40 stations. The monthly amplitudes of the first EOF (about 25% of the total variance) are used as an index for the monthly winter climate anomaly. They characterize a high (low) pressure cell over central Europe associated with a positive (negative) temperature and precipitation anomaly over northern (central-southern) Europe as indicated by a northward (southward) shift of the tail end of the cross-Atlantic cyclone track. These patterns resemble the phenomenological anticyclonic (cyclonic) Grosswetter classification and the European blocking (enhanced zonal flow) regime. The second EOF is of similar magnitude and gives latitudinal corrections to these two basic flow regimes. The joint probability distribution of both amplitudes shows a weak bimodality mainly associated with the first EOF. Further insight into the underlying physical processes of the climate anomaly patterns in Europe is obtained from the extended Eliassen-Palm flux diagnostics of the barotropic transient eddy-mean flow interaction (Hoskins et al. 1983) and the stationary wave propagation (Plumb 1985). The diagnostics confined to the barotropic components and applied to the regression and the composite anomaly fields of the transient and stationary eddy flows of the 500 hPa geopotential (1946–87, north of 20°N) leads to the following results: (1) The bandpass filtered transient eddy variances of the 500 hPa geopotential show a shift of the cross-Atlantic storm track: In high (low) pressure situations over Europe the cross-Atlantic storm track intensity is enhanced (reduced) and its tail end is shifted northward (remains zonal); the North Pacific storm track extends further (less) eastward and thus closer to the west coast of North America. (2) The extreme high pressure system over Europe tends to be supported by an anomalous transient eddy forcing of the mean flow stream-function: it enhances the zonal wind to its north and generates anticyclonic vorticity about 10° upstream from its center. In the low pressure composite the anomalous cyclonic vorticity is generated reducing the zonal flow to its north. (3) The occurrence (lack) of a strong eastward stationary wave activity flux over the Atlantic is associated with the high (low) pressure situations over Europe. Finally, a positive feedback is conjectured between the stationary wavetrain modifying the tail end of the cross-Atlantic storm track and the transient eddies intensifying this anomaly. 相似文献
14.
The interannual variations of summer surface air temperature over Northeast China （NEC） were investigated through a month-to-month analysis from May to August. The results suggested that the warmer temperature over NEC is related to a local positive 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly for all four months. However, the teleconnection patterns of atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the monthly surface air temperature over NEC behave as a distinguished subseasonal variation, although the local positive height anomaly is common from month to month. In May and June, the teleconnection pattern is characterized by a wave train in the upper and middle troposphere from the Indian Peninsula to NEC. This wave train is stronger in June than in May, possibly due to the positive feedback between the wave train and the South Asian rainfall anomaly in June, when the South Asian summer monsoon has been established. In July and August, however, the teleconnection pattern associated with the NEC temperature anomalies is characterized by an East Asia/Pacific （EAP） or Pacific/Japan （PJ） pattern, with the existence of precipitation anomalies over the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. This pattern is much clearer in July corresponding to the stronger convection over the Philippine Sea compared to that in August. 相似文献
15.
Variability patterns of Rossby wave source 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mar��lia Harumi Shimizu Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque Cavalcanti 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(3-4):441-454
Rossby waves (RW) propagation due to a local forcing is one of the mechanisms responsible for wave trains configurations known as teleconnections. The term teleconnection refers to anomalies patterns that are correlated in several regions of the world, causing large-scale changes in atmospheric waves patterns and temperature and precipitation regimes. The aim of teleconnections studies is to provide a better understanding of atmospheric variability and their mechanisms of action in order to identify patterns that can be tracked and predicted. The purpose of this study was to characterize seasonal and spatial variability of atmospheric RW sources. The RW source at 200?hPa was calculated for the four seasons with reanalysis data of zonal and meridional wind. In the Northern Hemisphere (NH), the RW sources were located on East Asia, North America, North Atlantic and Pacific. The main RW sources in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) were located over Intertropical, South Pacific, South Atlantic and South Indian Convergence Zones. Extratropical regions were also identified, mainly to the south of Australia. The vortex stretching term (S1) and the advection of absolute vorticity by the divergent wind (S2) were analyzed to discuss the physical mechanisms for RW generation. In the NH, the source at East Asia in DJF changed to a sink in JJA, related to the dominance of S1 term in DJF and S2 term in JJA. In the SH, the vortex stretching term had the dominant contribution for RW source located to the south of Australia. The main forcing for RW sources at east of Australia was the advection of absolute vorticity by divergent flow. Over South America, both terms contributed to the source in DJF. The main modes of RW source variability were discussed by using empirical orthogonal functions analysis. RW variability was characterized by wave trains configurations in both hemispheres over regions of jet streams and storm tracks, associated with favorable and unfavorable areas for RW generation. 相似文献
16.
北半球大气对春季北极海冰异常响应的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在CAM3.0模式中,通过设计一系列数值模拟试验来研究北半球大气环流对北极海冰密集度(Sea Ice Concentration,简称SIC)强迫的响应.将海冰密集度EOF第二模态(EOF2)的时间系数回归到原场,并把这个空间异常场逐月的加到SIC春季气候态上,作为敏感性试验的外强迫.试验结果表明:在季节尺度上,大气环... 相似文献
17.
18.
Three Eurasian teleconnection patterns: spatial structures,temporal variability,and associated winter climate anomalies 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The Eurasian (EU) pattern is a distinct teleconnection pattern observed in boreal winter. Since the EU pattern was first identified, three types have been reported in the literature: the conventional EU pattern; the type 1 EU pattern, or Scandinavian (SCAND) pattern; and the type 2 EU pattern, or East Atlantic/West Russia (EATL/WRUS) pattern. Based on several reanalysis and observational datasets, the three EU patterns are extracted using the rotated empirical orthogonal function method. In order to provide a further distinction and understanding of the three EU patterns, a comprehensive side-by-side comparison is performed among them including their temporal variability, horizontal and vertical structure, related stationary Rossby wave activity, impact on climate, and possible driving factors associated with external forcing. The results reveal that all three EU patterns are characterised by a clear quasi-barotropic wave-train structure, but each has a distinct source and centre of action. Accordingly, their impacts on the precipitation and surface air temperature also differ from one other. Further evidence suggests that the conventional EU pattern is likely driven by anomalous sea surface temperatures (SST) over the North Atlantic, in which process the transient eddies are actively involved. The SCAND pattern is partly maintained by the vorticity source over Western Europe, which arises from the anomalous convergence/divergence over the Mediterranean and is efficiently driven by the tropical and southern Indian Ocean SST via divergent circulation. The EATL/WRUS pattern shows some linkage to the North American snow cover, and the involved process remains unclear and needs further investigation. 相似文献