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系统介绍了地理信息系统(GIS) 技术及其发展现状,指出GIS技术目前已到了一个较高的发展阶段,在很多领域,GIS 技术将不再是限制其使用的第一因子,其使用将更多地受到所研究领域数据可得性及研究水平等的限制.并在回顾和分析GIS技术在区域水环境领域的几个典型应用案例的基础上, 指出了GIS技术在区域水环境领域应用的主要问题和发展方向. 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(6)
随着国家的发展,水文水资源领域研究工作受到广泛重视,对于现代化技术的应用要求也逐渐提高,在水文水资源领域中,科学应用GIS技术开展数据采集、提取、分析与管理等工作,对区域空间进行分析,发挥动态预测功能,将计算机与通讯技术等作为辅助,能大大提高水资源领域工作智能化程度。本文针对GIS技术在水文水资源领域中的应用功能及特点进行探讨,研究了GIS在水文预报与防洪、水文水资源空间管理与决策、水环境管理、水污染控制以及建设给水管网信息系统等方面的具体应用过程,同时对水资源领域中GIS技术的应用趋势发展进行预测,认为目前GIS对水文水资源空间数据进行处理后,均取得了良好的工作成效,大大提高数据准确性与可靠性,达到了预期目标。 相似文献
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国外GIS在地下水管理与研究中的应用和启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
GIS及其应用研究是水资源学科发展中的一个热点问题.本文在对国外GIS及其在地下水管理与研究领域的应用概况进行介绍的基础上,指出了GIS在地下水管理与研究领域的主要发展方向,并总结出GIS技术在国外地下水管理与研究领域的应用情况及其给我国带来的启示. 相似文献
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2l世纪全球环境问题将更加突出,人类将面临重大的挑战.采用高新技术研究和解决环境问题将是一项迫切的任务.GIS虽然已被广泛应用,但是由于它缺少强大的建模和模拟功能,其发展受到一定限制.模拟模型使用较早,但未形成系统.本文提出了环境模拟系统(EIS)的新概念和建立方法,该系统具有强大的建模功能和模拟功能.为使EIS与GIS的功能优势互补,作者建立了EIS-GIS联合系统,并以松嫩平原西南部土地碱质荒漠化的预警研究为例,阐述了EIS-GIS联合系统的应用方法.第四纪的研究内容非常广泛,在各类环境介质中存储了不同时空的、丰富的环境信息,如能应用EIS-GIS联合系统进行研究,将会获得新的进展,文章介绍了建立环境模拟指标体系的原则和方法,推荐了一些较适合的研究领域. 相似文献
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不透水面遥感提取及应用研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
不透水面信息的提取方法与应用是近年来城市规划、热岛效应分析、水环境监测和水资源管理等诸多领域的研究热点.遥感技术的发展使不透水面快速准确提取成为可能.从影像特征(光谱、空间几何、时间)选择、分类器(参数、非参数)选择和空间尺度(像元、亚像元尺度)选择3个方面归纳和总结了各种不透水面遥感提取方法原理、应用现状和存在问题,回顾了不透水面在城市化监测、人口估计、水环境监测、热岛效应分析、水文气候建模分析等领域的应用,指出了不透水面遥感提取和应用的发展方向. 相似文献
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空间分析方法、应用模型与GIS的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
首先阐述了空间分析和应用模型的基本概念，进而从地理信息处理系统的功能入手，分析了空间分析、应用模型和GIS的关系，最后指出加强应用模型与GIS的结合以及增强GIS的基本空间分析功能是增强GIS整体功能的二个最有效的方法． 相似文献
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WebGIS研究及其在城市环境中的应用 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
地理信息系统与网络结合形成的网络地理信息系统是目前地理信息系统发展的一个重要方向。在分析了当今WebGIS的开发技术后，提出了基于IMS的全新WebGIS构造系统，并对该系统的主要功能进行了介绍。 相似文献
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Applications of GIS to urban planning and management: Problems facing Japanese local governments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hiroyuki Kohsaka 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):271-280
Japanese local governments consist of about 3,380 municipalities in 2000. The total survey undertaken in 1997 says that GIS
was implemented in 455 (14.3%) out of 3,182 municipalities that answered to the survey. This paper considers GIS utilization,
especially focusing on urban planning and management in Japanese local government. Typical GIS applications in the urban planning
and management are divided into three businesses: inquiry on the content of urban plan decision, register management, and
planning. The most successful GIS application in the local government is an inquiry system on the content of urban plan decision.
‘Mappy’, Urban Plan Information Inquiry System developed by Yokohama City, is introduced as an example. The register management
treats the registers for urban planned road, urban park, and urban open space, and the receipt book for development permission
application. GIS can systematize their management based on maps. District diagnosis system using GIS performed two analyses
in Ichikawa City. One is the calculation of area and ratio for land-use. The other is the measurement of land-use purity.
GIS can calculate the degree of purity (namely occupancy rate) of specified land-use in the land-use zoning system. Most of
Japanese local governments implement GIS and obtain moderate results. However, it is reported that some municipalities that
paid huge amount of budget to implement GIS hardly used them. The final section will consider various issues in the use of
administrative GIS.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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基于数据中心的国土资源信息系统基础平台的构建及技术问题 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
国土资源信息化建设是我国今后几年的工作重点.国土资源信息化的基础是国土信息的集成.在国土信息集成的工作中, 主要存在3个方面的问题: (1) 不同GIS间的数据无法共享; (2) 不同种类的国土数据无法集成; (3) 不同行政级别单位间数据无法共享.不同GIS的数据共享可以通过在GIS的ODBC层和数据库之间加一层GIS格式转换层来解决; 将不同种类的国土数据划分成不同的图层, 以空间控制点方式对这些图层进行叠合, 以使它们在空间关系上成为一个比较一致的统一系统; 借鉴数据仓库的管理模式, 不同的行政单位对应于不同的比例尺的数据, 高级别单位数据的综合度高, 存放的数据少, 低级别单位数据的细节性强, 存放的数据多, 整体上呈现出金字塔结构, 金字塔中不同层次的数据通过空间控制点进行传送.国土信息集成的目的是构筑一个国土信息系统的基础平台.国土资源信息系统基础平台是一个基于数据中心的、能统一管理信息的、支持现有流行GIS访问的、能与上下级数据中心无缝互连的国土资源基础设施系统.它处于整个国土信息系统的底层, 目的是向上层的信息系统提供一个能满足各种格式的数据需求的、而与具体的信息系统无关的独立的数据平台. 相似文献
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M. R. Sauri-Riancho D. D. Cabañas-Vargas M. Echeverría-Victoria M. Gamboa-Marrufo R. Centeno-Lara R. I. Méndez-Novelo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(2):351-362
In this work, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were used in order to identify
the appropriate location for hazardous waste (HW) treatment facilities and final disposal sites in the State of Yucatan, Mexico.
For HW-treatment facilities, in addition to the distance to generators and treatment facilities, geographic conditions of
the site, such as vegetation, soil type, accessibility, distance to urban or rural communities, and all the boundary elements
as agricultural or livestock areas, were considered in GIS and MCDA. Final disposal was taken into account only for those
HW that could not be avoided or treated. In order to find the most suitable areas, the Mexican Official Norm NOM-055-SEMARNAT-2003
criteria were observed too. It was found that the most suitable zones for HW-treatment facilities were at the centre of the
State, whereas the most recommended areas for HW final disposal sites were at the south. 相似文献
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Bahram Malekmohammadi Majid Ramezani Mehrian Hamid Reza Jafari 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(7):1393-1405
One of the most important water-resources management strategies for arid lands is managed aquifer recharge (MAR). In establishing a MAR scheme, site selection is the prime prerequisite that can be assisted by geographic information system (GIS) tools. One of the most important uncertainties in the site-selection process using GIS is finite ranges or intervals resulting from data classification. In order to reduce these uncertainties, a novel method has been developed involving the integration of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), GIS, and a fuzzy inference system (FIS). The Shemil-Ashkara plain in the Hormozgan Province of Iran was selected as the case study; slope, geology, groundwater depth, potential for runoff, land use, and groundwater electrical conductivity have been considered as site-selection factors. By defining fuzzy membership functions for the input layers and the output layer, and by constructing fuzzy rules, a FIS has been developed. Comparison of the results produced by the proposed method and the traditional simple additive weighted (SAW) method shows that the proposed method yields more precise results. In conclusion, fuzzy-set theory can be an effective method to overcome associated uncertainties in classification of geographic information data. 相似文献
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Technologies such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have raised great expectations as potential means of coping with natural disasters, including landslides. However, several misconceptions on the potential of GIS are widespread. Prominent among these is the belief that a landslide hazard map obtained by systematic data manipulation within a GIS is assumed to be more objective than a comparable hand-made product derived from the same input data and founded on the same conceptual model. Geographical data can now be handled in a GIS environment by users who are not experts in either GIS or natural hazard process fields. The reality of the successful application of GIS within the landslide hazard domain seems to be somewhat less attractive than current optimistic expectations.In spite of recent achievements, the use of GIS in the domain of prevention and mitigation of natural catastrophes remains a pioneering activity. Diffusion of the technology is still hampered by factors such as the difficulty in acquiring appropriate raw data, the intrinsic complexity of predictive models, the lack of efficient graphical user interfaces, the high cost of digitisation, and the persistence of bottlenecks in hardware capabilities.In addition, researchers are investing more in tuning-up hazard models founded upon existing, often unreliable data than in attempting to initiate long-term projects for the acquisition of new data on the causes of catastrophic events. Governmental institutions are frequently involved in risk reduction projects whose design and implementation appear to be governed more by political issues than by technical ones. There is an unfortunate general tendency to search for data which can be collected at low cost rather than attempting to capture the information which most readily explains the causes of a disaster.If the technical, cultural, economic and political reasons for this unhealthy state cannot be adequately tackled, the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction will probably come to an end without achieving significant advances in the prediction and control of natural disasters. 相似文献