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搭建了感应读出方式紫外光子计数成像系统,详细介绍了该系统的组成、工作原理和分辨率性能测试.紫外光经过减光和滤光后入射微通道板,产生的光电子在微通道板内倍增后形成电子云,由呈高阻特性的半导体Ge薄膜收集后,通过电荷耦合感应到Ge膜衬底背面的位敏阳极.阳极输出的信号经过电荷灵敏前置放大器、整形放大器后由计算机进行数据采集和处理,最后得到不同位置的光子计数图像.通过分辨率板,测得了该系统分辨率为150 μm,并通过对比试验和分布式RC网络理论模型分析了Ge膜电阻及其衬底厚度对系统性能的影响.该系统在生物超微 相似文献
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在陶瓷基底上利用电子束蒸镀方法制备了Si薄膜,用作感应读出方式光子计数成像系统的电荷感应层,并研究了薄膜的结构特征和表面形态.X射线衍射(XRD)测试和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)图像表明,沉积的Si薄膜为无定形态,由于陶瓷晶界的存在,薄膜较粗糙.搭建了相应的实验系统,对比了采用不同厚度Si薄膜时系统的空间分辨率、计数率、脉冲高度分布曲线等,发现薄膜的厚度对探测器的计数率影响较大.此外,实验还对比了采用相同电阻值的Si薄膜和常用的Ge薄膜时系统的性能.研究表明,采用Si薄膜时系统的畸变较小、计数率高 相似文献
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ICESat-2卫星搭载先进的光子计数式激光雷达ATLAS,使用全新的测量方式获取海量的光子点云数据.光子计数激光点云由于受海洋表面噪声以及水中穿透性较强等因素影响,现有的去噪算法在浅海区域海面去噪上存在一定的局限性.针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于改进DBSCAN参数的去噪算法,通过利用点云数据集自身分布特性生成候选Eps参数,自动寻找最优Eps参数,改进现有的DBSCAN去噪算法,并在南海两处岛礁区域进行实验验证.实验表明该算法在浅海区域的去噪精度达到98％,优于传统算法的去噪精度,该研究可为ICESat-2海面点的去噪工作提供参考. 相似文献
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作者从一维波动方程反问题的数学模型出发,经拉氏变换,根据Sondhi-Gopinath法,导出了分布参数系统一维声阻抗反问题的解析式.该解是一个称为脉冲响应参量的函数,它可由地面观测波场和位移速度来确定. 相似文献
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海底冷泉泄漏是全球碳循环过程中重要的一环,该系统分布的广泛性、机制的复杂性、与水合物资源的关联性及相关科学问题的重要性,使之成为海洋科学调查和研究的前沿领域.本研究评述了冷泉泄漏活动涉及到的几个碳循环问题,包括作为甲烷厌氧氧化反应(AOM)产物的碳酸盐在碳循环中的地位、大陆坡深源碳在冷泉泄漏中的贡献以及冷泉泄漏与金属矿产资源的关系等,藉此加深人们对该系统的理解.同时,本研究还介绍了在当前关于碳循环研究过程中,对海底冷泉探测常用的几种重要方法,包括以多波束探测气泡羽流,以坐底式探测器对冷泉泄漏活动进行原位、实时、持续地观测以及一系列近期开展的海底观测网计划.最后讨论了该领域未来发展的趋势及相关的重点问题,以期给相关研究提供一些有益的参考. 相似文献
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利用皮秒Nd:YAG脉冲激光器作为激发光源,测量出光子能量介于1.36 μm (0.912 eV)—1.80 μm (0.689 eV)之间的硅间接跃迁双光子吸收系数谱.尽管此波段范围内的激光光子能量小于硅间接带隙,但当激光辐照在硅基光电二极管受光面时,在二极管两电极端仍然探测到了显著的脉冲光伏信号.光伏信号峰值强度与入射光强呈二次幂函数关系,表明其是双光子吸收过程.采用pn结等效结电容充放电模型,将光伏响应信号峰值与入射光强相关联,从中提取出硅的间接跃迁双光子吸收系数,改变入射波长得到系数谱.研究表明: 相似文献
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将两光子晶体单模波导平行、邻近放置构成一个光子晶体波导耦合结构.根据耦合和解耦合理论,设计了一种新型的高效异质结构四波长波分复用器.应用时域有限差分法模拟了该器件的效率,并通过改变一排介质柱的折射率,实现了较高的透射率.进一步发现在入射口处添加三对介质柱,可以有效地降低系统的反射,实现了四个波长的高效传输,四个波长的透射率均超过了90%.该器件不仅具有较高的透射率,而且其尺寸仅为36 μm×17 μm,在未来的光子集成回路中具有潜在的应用价值. 相似文献
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海洋CSEM法因其对海底高阻体反应灵敏,可用于探测和识别海底天然气水合物储层,然而,由于海底天然气水合物成因和成藏规律复杂,一些区域横向块状分布或是垂向多层分布的成藏模式加大了探测难度和成本,对于探测分辨能力也提出了更高的要求。为了在实际CSEM探测中进行高阻异常的现场快速评估,借鉴地震勘探共中心点道集的转换方式,将二维模型的海洋CSEM响应在CMP域单元内转换为一维模型的响应,进而实现二维模型CSEM资料在CMP域内的近似一维反演,针对不同电阻率模型讨论勘探参数对异常体分辨能力的影响。结果表明,海洋CSEM资料的CMP域反演对横向和纵向上相邻的水合物储集体具有一定的分辨能力,这为海洋CSEM法探测复杂成藏模式的水合物提供理论依据。 相似文献
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针对海洋石油管线探测多波束剖面声纳的高速、大容量的实时信号处理任务,以及声纳系统进一步扩展的需求,设计并实现了一种基于IP网络互连的、以并行DSP为处理节点的多波束剖面声纳系统.该系统应用于海底石油管线探测与定位,系统中的每个处理节点与数据采集转换部分采用TCP/IP网络连接,可以通过物理上添加一个或多个处理节点成倍的提高系统的信号处理能力,而在软件上无须大的改动.通过电联调与水槽试验,验证了系统的可行性和稳定性,该设计为高速水声阵列信号实时处理系统提供了一种全新的解决思路. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献