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Because of the complex geological conditions of the seabed, submarine pipelines buried beneath the ocean floor become suspended over the seabed under the long-term scour of waves eroding the surrounding sediment. Further, most oil fields were built in offshore areas while the country was developing. This gives the waves seen in shallow water obvious nonlinear features, and the abnormal characteristics of these waves must be considered when calculating their hydrodynamic forces. Particularly under such conditions, these suspended spans of submarine pipelines are prone to damage caused by the action of the external environment load. Such damages and eventual failures may result not only in great property losses but also pollution of the marine environment. The span length of these areas is a key predictive factor in pipeline damages. Therefore, determining the allowable span length for these submarine pipelines will allow future projects to avoid or prevent damage from excessive suspended span lengths. Expressions of the hydrodynamic loads placed on suspended spans of pipeline were developed in this work based on the first-order approximate cnoidal wave theory and Morison equation. The formula for the allowable free span length was derived for the common forms of free spanning submarine pipeline based on the point where maximum bending stresses remain less than the material’s allowable stress. Finally, the allowable free span length of real-world pipelines was calculated for a subsea pipeline project in Bohai Bay. This research shows that, with consideration for the complicated marine environment, existing suspended spans are within allowable length limitations. However, continuing to limit the length of these submarine pipeline spans in the Nanpu oil field will require ongoing attention. 相似文献
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海底管道对海上油气田安全生产有着非常重要的作用,对东方1-1海管进行了连续6年的无人有缆遥控水下机器人(remote operatedvehicle,ROV)调查,根据调查数据,分析了海管悬跨的分布特征以及变化情况,按海管悬跨严重程度进行了风险等级分区。结果表明在受水动力影响最大的深水平坦区海管悬跨分布密集,并有逐年加剧趋势,安全风险较大。并对悬跨形成机理和极限悬跨长度进行了分析和阐述。介绍了沙袋支撑和局部抛石填埋悬跨治理方法的原理和优缺点,对比分析了治理效果情况,认为局部抛石治理方法效果优于沙袋治理。 相似文献
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Owing to the complex environmental conditions, suspension could induce complicated forces on submarine pipelines and even cause vortex-induced vibration, resulting in fatigue damage of pipelines. Through aiming at the 28-inch submarine pipeline in the East China Sea, the pipeline was segmented according to the similarity, considering the factors of pipe assembly, typhoon, current, wave and seabed topography. The effects of span length on natural frequency in each section of submarine pipeline were analyzed by finite element model. The maximum safe span length allowed by each pipeline section was verified by fatigue cumulative damage theory, and the fatigue life of each pipeline section were predicted. The results showed that each order natural frequency of the pipeline decreased with the increase of span length. The calculated results of empirical formulas were much smaller than those of the FEM analysis. The increase of the gap between the suspended pipeline and the seabed was beneficial to enhance the fatigue life of the suspended pipeline. 相似文献
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Study on Model Tests and Hydrodynamic Force Models for Free Spanning Submarine Pipelines Subjected to Earthquakes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A test rig is built to model the dynamic response of submarine pipelines with an underwater shaking table in the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China. Model tests are carried out to consider the effects of exciting wave directions and types. Based on the experimental results, two hydrodynamic force models derived from Morison equation and Wake model are presented respectively. By use of hydrodynamic force models suitable for free spanning submarine pipelines under earthquakes, discretized equations of motion are obtained and finite element models are established to analyze dynamic response of free spanning submarine pipeline subjected to multi-support seismic excitations. The comparison of numerical results with experimental results shows that the improved Morison and Wake hydrodynamic force models could satisfactorily predict dynamic response on the free spanning submarine pipelines subjected to earthquakes. 相似文献
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Non-linear probability distributions for Morison-type wave loading are used to indicate the effect of drag forces on the expected fatigue damage and the expected extreme response of quasi-statically responding (members of) offshore structures. Results are compared with those from commonly used equivalent linear methods of analysis. It is found that the expected fatigue damage and the expected extreme response based on non-linear methods are approximately equal to results from linear methods when inertia is the dominant force. However, in the event of the drag forces forming a considerable part of the total wave loading, both fatigue damage and extreme response can significantly exceed those predicted by linear methods. The difference between the two methods is quantified in terms of a drag-inertia parameter, which is directly related to the sea state under consideration. 相似文献
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平台坠物、船舶抛锚等第三方活动引起的冲击损伤是近海管道失效的主要原因,时刻威胁中国海洋油气开发系统的安全性。为保障近海油气管道安全运行,围绕冲击荷载作用下管道损伤及失效评估这一中心问题,从管道损伤机理研究、含冲击损伤管道安全评估、管道工程项目风险评估3个方面总结了国内外研究发展现状,明确了影响结构安全的关键问题,并对未来研究工作提出建议。挖沟埋深为管道防护冲击损伤的有效手段,土体强度是防护效果关键因素,应重点关注土体强度空间变异性问题;管道冲击损伤主要为平滑凹陷和弯折凹陷,对于后者应进一步确定其在内压荷载下的剩余强度及疲劳强度;风险评估中失效判据对于结果有显著影响,需构建考虑多种安全性评估准则的失效判据体系。 相似文献
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- With the rapid development of the offshore oil industries, submarine oil / gas pipelines have been widely used. Under the complicated submarine environmental conditions, the dynamic characteristics of pipelines show some new features due to the existence of both internal and external flows. The paper is intended to investigate the vortex-induced vibration of the suspended pipeline span exposed to submarine steady flow. Especially, the effects of the flow inside the pipeline are taken into account. Its influences on the amplitude of pipeline response, and then on the fatigue life, are given in terms of the velocity of the internal flow. 相似文献
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海底管道悬空防护与治理措施浅谈 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了治理一直困扰茂名30万t单点码头的海底管道悬空问题,首先分析了海底管道埋藏状态的识别方法,对国内外海底管线各种悬空治理措施的优缺点和适宜海域进行汇总。在对茂名30万t单点码头海底管道开展了多次路由调查的基础上,针对悬空路段,分别采用人工海草、沉排、碎石回填等不同的防护措施。结果表明,人工海草确实具有明显的降低流速和促进泥沙淤积的功能,但潜水员水下作业工作量较大,不宜在水深大于40 m的海域进行,应避开拖网捕捞海域。水泥沉排在水下较稳定,可有效保护海底管线免受外来损害,但是回淤促淤缓慢。当海床承载力足够时,采用碎石回填办法进行海管维护比较有效,冲刷坑填埋充实,可广泛用于修正悬空。 相似文献
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As there are no specific guidelines on design of subsea pipelines crossing active seismic faults, methods for land buried pipelines have been applied to. Taking the large seismic fault movement into account, this paper proposes improved methods for seismic designs of subsea pipelines by comprehensively investigating the real constraining of soil on the pipelines, the interaction processes of soil with the pipeline, the plastic slippage of the soil, and the elastic-plastic properties of the pipeline materials. New formulas are given to calculate the length of transition section and its total elongation. These formulas are more reasonable in mechanism, and more practical for seismic design of subsea pipelines crossing active faults. 相似文献
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Free spanning analysis of offshore pipelines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. S. Choi 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(10)
A rigorous procedure was established on the free span analysis of offshore pipelines. The closed form solutions of the beam–column equation, considering tension and compressive force, were derived for the various possible boundary conditions. The solutions can be used to find the natural frequencies of the free spans using the energy balance concept. The results can be applied to improve the current design codes. The improved procedure will yield more realistic calculations of the allowable free span lengths of offshore pipelines. Some calculations are included to present the sensitivity of the axial forces on the allowable free spanning lengths. 相似文献
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Seismic load has a significant effect on the response of a free spanning submarine pipeline when the pipeline is con-structed in a seismically active region. The model experiment is performed on an underwater shaking tahle to simulate the response of submarine pipelines under dynamic input. In consideration of the effects of the terrestrial and submarine pipeline , water depth, support condition, distance from seabed, empty and full pipeline, and span on dynamic response, 120 groups of experiments are conducted. Affecting factors are analyzed and conclusions are drawn for reference. For the con-trol of dynamic response, the span of a submarine pipeline is by far more important than the other factors. Meanwhile, the rosponse difference between a submarine pipeline under sine excitation and that under random excitation exists in ex-periments. 相似文献
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Offshore pipelines are critical infrastructures and any possible damage may have devastating financial and environmental consequences. Earthquake-related geohazards (such as strong ground motion, active seismic faults, submarine landslides and debris flows) consist crucial threats that an offshore pipeline has to overcome. The main aim of the current study is to examine analytically a seabed-laid offshore pipeline subjected to a lateral kinematic distress due to a submarine landslide or a debris flow. Extra emphasis is given on the impact of pipe-soil interaction on the pipe response, by the realistic representation of the soil resistance via a tri-linear model. Firstly, the proposed analytical model is validated with a numerical model utilizing the finite-element method. Subsequently, various combinations of soil parameters and loading conditions that affect the examined problem are investigated with realistic input data taken from the offshore section of the high-pressure natural-gas pipeline TAP (Trans Adriatic Pipeline) in the Adriatic Sea. Finally, useful conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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内流对海底管线涡致振动与疲劳寿命的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在复杂的海洋环境条件下，管道的动力学特性受到内外部流体的作用而呈现出新的特点。本文通过对处在海底平稳流动作用下的悬跨管道的涡致振动进行分析，特别地考虑到管道内部流动的作用，给出了内流速度对管道响应幅度的影响，进而指出其对管道疲劳的意义。 相似文献
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波浪作用下孔隙海床-管线动力相互作用分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
波浪作用下海床中的孔隙水压力与有效应力是影响海底管线稳定性的主要因素。然而,在目前的海床响应分析中一般将管线假定为刚性,并不能合理地考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,同时也没有考虑土体和管线加速度对海床动力响应的惯性影响,从而无法确定由此所引起的管线内应力。为此考虑管线的柔性,分别采用饱和孔隙介质的Biot动力固结理论和弹性动力学理论列出了海床与管线的控制方程,进而采用摩擦接触理论考虑海床与管线之间的相互作用效应,基于有限元方法建立了海床-管线相互作用的计算模型及其数值算法。通过变动参数对比计算讨论了管线几何尺寸、海床土性参数对波浪所引起的管线周围海床孔隙水压力和管线内应力的影响。 相似文献
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At present, most researches on the vortex-induced vibration of submarine free spanning pipelines ignore the effect of internal flowing fluid; furthermore, there are no research reports considering the coupling effect of internal and external fluid with the free span. In this paper, combining Iwan‘s wake oscillator model with the differential equation derived for the dynamic response of submarine free spanning pipelines with inclusion of internal flow, the pipe-fluid coupling equations are developed to investigate the effect of internal flow on the vortex-induced vibration of the free spans. The finite dement approximation is implemented to derive the matrix equations of equilibrium. The Newmark method combined with simple iteration is used to solve the system of equations. The results indicate that the internal fluid flow may cause the shift of resonance band to the lower frequency and a slight decrease in the peak value; the effect will be mare pronounced with the increase of the span length and can be weakened in the presence of the axial tension. 相似文献