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湖相碳酸盐岩高精度层序地层学探析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
目前湖相碳酸盐岩是国内外沉积学研究的薄弱环节。应用层序地层学方法,以济阳坳陷沾化凹陷埕东地区沙一段的湖相碳酸盐岩为例,详细探讨湖相碳酸盐岩的层序地层学发育模式、层序地层单元划分级次以及控制因素等问题,重点对湖相碳酸盐岩准层序的类型、识别标志、形成机理以及对比模式进行了研究。研究表明,湖相碳酸盐岩可总结为陡坡和缓坡2种层序地层学发育模式;其高精度层序地层单元可划分为层序、体系域、准层序组、准层序、微层序5级;准层序类型可划分为陡坡型、缓坡型和深洼型3大类和L-M型、滩坝型、滑塌型、深水蒸发型4小类,不同类型的准层序形成的主控因素各不相同;准层序的对比模式可总结为陡坡突变和缓坡第变2种模式,在不同模式中准层序发生有规律的变化。 相似文献
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采用地震约束测井、测井标定和校正地震,二者相互动态调整的方法,对冀东高尚堡油田深层地层进行了深入的层序地层学研究:将Es23+3地层划分为1个层序、2个体系域、6个准层序组和16个准层序;总结了层序界面特征,将Es23和Es43顶部大套厚层泥岩作为目的层段层序研究的一般标志层,但是陆相沉积特有的复杂性,使得其识别难度很大;探讨了地层层序特征,认为目的层有两处沉积中心,其总体延伸方向近东西向。下部湖退体系域形成于湖盆收缩期,以G35-1、G62井区和G82井区沉积为中心,地层最厚;上部湖进体系域形成于湖盆大面积扩张时期,其沉积中心(G30-28井区以及G13-13井区)相对于下部体系域两个沉积中心,分别向北和东迁移。 相似文献
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KT-I是滨里海盆地M区块盐下重要含油层系,该层灰泥频繁互层,相带类型多样,非均质性严重,储层展布认识不清。本文应用高频层序地层学研究思路,提出碳酸盐岩高频层序及超层序划分体系域的可行性及思路,以及淹没不整合面作为碳酸盐岩层序界面的重要作用。在此基础上,岩-电-震相结合,通过淹没不整合面和暴露间断面等层序界面的分级识别与分析,首次将研究区KT-I含油层系划分为3个四级层序、9个五级层序,并对高频层序进行体系域划分;建立了研究区快速海侵（对应淹没不整合）和慢速海侵条件下对应的高频层序体系域发育模式,理清研究区地层发育特征及储层展布规律。进而讨论淹没不整合及高频层序体系域在碳酸盐岩油气勘探中的应用。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地柯坪地区中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩露头层序地层学研究 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
在前人岩石地层、生物地层、年代地层研究基础上,作者运用层序地层学理论结合沉积微相分析,对柯坪地区中下奥陶统露头碳酸盐岩进行了层序地层解剖。研究区共识别出二种界面类型 (暴露层序不整合界面和淹没层序不整合界面 )、三种准层序组构特征 (潮坪、浅滩和滩下陆棚 )和两种主要类型的体系域构成 (海侵体系域和高位体系域 ),在此基础上把该套碳酸盐岩划分为 7个三级层序,其中Sq1～ 2对应于蓬莱坝组地层、Sq3～ 6对应于鹰山组地层和Sq7对应于大湾沟组地层。Sq1～ 2三级层序由潮坪旋回的藻纹层白云岩、细粉晶白云岩和灰岩组成;Sq3～ 4三级层序由潮坪旋回的藻纹层灰岩和颗粒灰岩组成;Sq5～ 6三级层序由潮下浅滩相旋回的颗粒灰岩组成;Sq7三级层序由滩下陆棚环境藻灰岩和泥质瘤状灰岩组成 相似文献
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浙江长兴煤山剖面Griesbachian期旋回地层研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
浙江长兴煤山剖面Ｇｒｉｅｓｂａｃｈｉａｎ期地层由一系列多级泥—灰岩层束旋回所组成,层束的结构型式和空间叠置关系是层序地层中层序和体系域识别和区分的良好标志。旋回层束中碳酸盐岩含量变化的时间序列分析表明,其形成机制与米兰柯维奇天文气候周期密切相关,从而将地层研究的分辨率提高到了万年级（１０４年）。 相似文献
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探讨了马家沟组碳酸盐岩－蒸发岩地层层序与微相之间的关系,并尝试性地提出了用于层序界面识别的微相方法,可用于本区碳酸盐岩－蒸发岩地层层界面识别的主要微相方法有：微相类型的突然变化、特殊微相类型、特殊显微樗及准层的堆叠方式等。层序旋回中的海进体系域、高水位体系域、低水位体系域分别具有各自不同的微相构成。由于构造沉降及海平面升降变化的周期性,使各种微相类型在垂向序列上呈规律性重复叠置,从而在空间上构成有 相似文献
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采用地震约束测井、测井标定和校正地震,二者相互动态调整的方法,对冀东高尚堡油田深层地层进行了深入的层序地层学研究：将Es2+33地层划分为1个层序、2个体系域、6个准层序组和16个准层序;总结了层序界面特征,将Es23和顶部大套厚层泥岩作为目的层段层序研究的一般标志Es43层,但是陆相沉积特有的复杂性,使得其识别难度很大;探讨了地层层序特征,认为目的层有两处沉积中心,其总体延伸方向近东西向。下部湖退体系域形成于湖盆收缩期,以G35-1、G62井区和G82井区沉积为中心,地层最厚;上部湖进体系域形成于湖盆大面积扩张时期,其沉积中心（G30-28井区以及G13-13井区）相对于下部体系域两个沉积中心,分别向北和东迁移。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩层序分析的微相方法——以鄂尔多斯东部奥陶系马家沟组为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了马家沟组碳酸盐岩—蒸发岩地层层序与微相之间的关系,并尝试性地提出了用于层序界面识别的微相方法。可用于本区碳酸盐岩—蒸发岩地层层序界面识别的主要微相方法有:微相类型的突然变化、特殊微相类型、特殊显微标志及准层序的堆叠方式等。层序旋回中的海进体系域、高水位体系域、低水位体系域分别具有各自不同的微相构成。由于构造沉降及海平面升降变化的周期性,使各种微相类型在垂向序列上呈规律性重复叠置,从而在空间上构成有规律的生储盖组合。本区与烃源层有关的微相主要形成于海进期和高水位早期,与盖层有关的微相主要形成于低水位期,与储集层有关的微相则主要与低水位期对先成沉积层的成岩改造有关。各种微相类型在纵向上的叠置组合与侧向上的相变可与构造作用相配合,构成有利的油气圈闭类型。 相似文献
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As a useful approach for hydrocarbon exploration,the sequence stratigraphy has been commonly accepted.The concepts of sequence and parasequence provide a state-of -the-artframe-work for studying the distribution and characters of depositional system,and analyzing the occurrence,distribution,characteristics of source,reservoir and seal-play elements.The newly-developed geochemical -sequence stratigraphy focuses mainly on the occurrence,distribution and characters of source rocks and reservoir hydrocarbons within a chronostratigraphic framework,Integrated with sequence wtratigraphy,geochemistry can be used to study the surce rock potential within a sequence wtratigraphic framework and to describe the characteristics of hydrocarbons accumulated in reservoirs,which were predicted by way of sequence stratigraphy.The concept of geochemical-sequence wtratigraphy was proposed by Peters et al.(2000).Constructing a reliable sequence stratigraphic framework is the basis of geochemical-sequence wtratigraphic study although it is not the main goal.High-resolution biomarker analysis is critrical to the construction of a geochemical-sequence stratigraphic model.The geochemical-stratigraphic study involves mainly:(1) the distribution and geochemical characteristics of source rocks with relative sea (lake)-level change;(3) to prodict if these reservoirs bear hydrocarbons and their geochemical features;(4) to be used to construct the time-stratigraphic framework.This paper also summarizes the lake basin types,and introduces their facies associatons,source potential and organic geochemical features.At the end,the authors offer some suggestions about how to carry out geochemical-sequence stratigraphic study in ladcustrine strata. 相似文献
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华北石炭-二叠纪层序地层格架及其特征 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造由两部分组成,下部为碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩构成的含煤建造,上部为硅质碎屑岩红色建造。根据不整合面及其它识别层序界面的标志,该沉积建造可划分为５个沉积层序。ＤＳ１、ＤＳ２、ＤＳ３层序属陆表海型层序,其底界面为Ⅰｅ型层序界面,层序内仅发育海侵体系域和高位体系域;ＤＳ４层序为过渡型层序,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;ＤＳ５层序为湖泊型层序,包括低水位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域。盆地充填超层序（ＤＳ１-ＤＳ５）的发育受控于全球二级相对海平面变化,而沉积层序的发育则与区域性造山作用引起的三级海平面变化有关。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘二叠—三叠纪原型盆地性质与沉积环境演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地南缘(简称"准南")二叠—三叠纪原型盆地性质与沉积环境演化一直以来备受争议。通过准南6个地层小区18条典型剖面野外实测、岩相和沉积环境分析以及区域地层对比,认为准南西部(88°E以西)和准南东部(88°E以东)二叠—三叠纪在岩石组合、地层序列、沉积特征和沉积环境等方面存在差异:准南西部以碎屑岩、火山岩和火山碎屑岩组合为特征;准南东部以碳酸盐岩、火山岩和碎屑岩组合为特征。准南西部早—中二叠世地层普遍缺失或被埋藏,晚二叠世—早三叠世为陆相冲积扇—扇三角洲的粗碎屑岩沉积,中—晚三叠世发育滨浅湖相细碎屑岩。准南东部晚石炭世发育深水浊流,早—中二叠世以滨浅海相细碎屑岩为主,中二叠世后期以芦草沟组潟湖相油页岩和碳酸盐岩发育为特征;晚二叠世,普遍进入河湖相演化阶段,以细至粗碎屑岩为主;中—晚三叠世发生湖泛,主要发育三角洲和滨浅湖相碎屑岩。研究表明,准南及邻区二叠—三叠纪为裂谷盆地,经历了断陷—坳陷沉积演化阶段,准南西部和东部伸展程度的差异性导致沉积特征的不同。 相似文献
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JOSÉ F. GARCÍA-HIDALGO JAVIER GIL MANVEL SEGURA CARMEN DOMÍNGUEZ† 《Sedimentology》2007,54(6):1245-1271
The Late Cenomanian–Mid Turonian succession in central Spain is composed of siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in a variety of coastal and marine shelf environments (alluvial plain–estuarine, lagoon, shoreface, offshore‐hemipelagic and carbonate ramp). Three depositional sequences (third order) are recognized: the Atienza, Patones and El Molar sequences. The Patones sequence contains five fourth‐order parasequence sets, while a single parasequence set is recognized in the Atienza and El Molar sequences. Systems tracts can be recognized both in the sequences and parasequence sets. The lowstand systems tracts (only recognized for Atienza and Patones sequences) are related to erosion and sequence boundary formation. Transgressive systems tracts are related to marine transgression and shoreface retreat. The highstand systems tracts are related to shoreface extension and progradation, and to carbonate production and ramp progradation. Sequences are bounded by erosion or emergence surfaces, whose locations are supported by mineralogical analyses and suggest source area reactivation probably due to a fall in relative sea‐level. Transgressive surfaces are subordinate erosion and/or omission surfaces with a landward facies shift, interpreted as parasequence set boundaries. The co‐existence of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments and environments occurred as facies mixing or as distinct facies belts along the basin. Mixed facies of coastal areas are composed of detrital quartz and clays derived from the hinterland, and dolomite probably derived from bioclastic material. Siliciclastic flux to coastal areas is highly variable, the maximum flux postdates relative sea‐level falls. Carbonate production in these areas may be constant, but the final content is a function of changing inputs in terrigenous sediments and carbonate content diminishes through a dilution effect. Carbonate ramps were detached from the coastal system and separated by a fringe of offshore, fine‐grained muds and silts as distinct facies belts. The growth of carbonate ramp deposits was related to the highstand systems tracts of the fourth‐order parasequence sets. During the growth of these ramps, some sediment starvation occurred basinwards. Progradation and retrogradation of the different belts occur simultaneously, suggesting a sea‐level control on sedimentation. In the study area, the co‐existence of carbonate and siliciclastic facies belts depended on the superimposition of different orders of relative sea‐level cycles, and occurred mainly when the second‐order, third‐order and fourth‐order cycles showed highstand conditions. 相似文献
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根据海平面升降而对海洋碳酸盐岩沉积划分的不同沉积体系域,和其准同生成岩作用之间存在着相关性,这种相关性可以通过不同体系域所发育的成岩作用类型体现出来。文章以塔里木盆地轮南古隆起下中奥陶统碳酸盐岩为例,把准同生成岩作用放在层序地层学格架范畴内来研究,总结了不同体系域内发育的成岩作用类型和特征,认为海侵体系域主要发育方解石胶结作用和白云石化作用,高位体系域主要发育有方解石胶结作用和大气淡水溶蚀作用等。在层序地层格架下进行成岩作用对比的结果表明,高位期以及海侵期下伏的前期高位期沉积,是有利的成岩作用改造层位,并在物性统计数据中得到了证明,为有利储集体的评价、预测提供了新的途径。 相似文献
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《Sedimentary Geology》2005,173(1-4):233-275
The lacustrine Ermenek Basin evolved as a SE-trending intramontane graben affected by strike–slip deformation, with the initial two lakes merging into one and receiving sediment mainly through fan deltas sourced from the basin's southern margin. The northern margin was a high-relief rocky coast with a wave-dominated shoreline. The Early Miocene lacustrine sedimentation was terminated by a late Burdigalian marine invasion that drowned the basin and its surroundings. The lacustrine basin-fill succession is up to 300 m thick and best exposed along the southern margin, where it consists of four sequences bounded by surfaces of forced regression. The offshore architecture of each sequence shows a thin lowstand tract of shoreface sandstones overlain by a thick transgressive systems tract of mudstones interbedded with sandy tempestites and delta-derived turbidites, which form a set of coarsening-upward parasequences representing minor normal regressions. The corresponding nearshore sequence architecture includes a thick lowstand tract of alluvial-fan deposits overlain by either a well-developed transgressive systems tract (backstepping parasequence set or single fan-deltaic parasequence) and poorly preserved highstand tract; or a thin transgressive tract (commonly limited to flooding surface) and a well-developed highstand tract (thick fan-deltaic parasequence). The sequences are poorly recognizable along the northern margin, where steep shoreline trajectory rendered the nearshore system little responsive to lake-level changes. The resolution of local stratigraphic record thus depends strongly upon coastal morphology and the character of the depositional systems involved.The sequential organization of the basin-fill succession reflects syndepositional tectonics and climate fluctuations, whereas the lateral variation in sequence architecture is due to the localized sediment supply (deltaic vs. nondeltaic shoreline), varied coastal topography and differential subsidence. The study points to important differences in the sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine and marine basins, related to the controlling factors. A crucial role in lacustrine basin is played by climate, which controls both the lake water volume and the catchment sediment yield. Consequently, the effects of tectonics and the dynamics of changes in accommodation and sediment supply in a lacustrine basin are different than in marine basins. 相似文献
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F. SURLYK L. ARNDORFF† N.-E. HAMANN‡ L. HAMBERG§ P. N. JOHANNESSEN¶ E. B. KOPPELHUS L. H. NIELSEN¶ N. NOE-NYGAARD G. K. PEDERSEN H. I. PETERSEN¶ 《Sedimentology》1995,42(2):323-354
Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of paralic successions is complicated by the complex interfingering of marine and continental strata. The successions may also include terrestrial extensions of marine parasequences and completely independent lacustrine parasequence analogues. Failure in recognizing the possible interbeddding of these two independent parasequence types may lead to construction of sequence stratigraphic schemes based on incompatible data sets. We have studied a Lower Jurassic paralic section from the Baltic island of Bornholm, situated in the Tornquist Zone, which demarcates the transition from the stable Precambrian Baltic Shield to the subsiding Danish Basin and Danish-Polish Trough. The Hettangian-Sinemurian Sose Bugt Member (Rønne Formation) of Bornholm includes lacustrine, fluvial and restricted marine, estuarine deposits reflecting the basin-margin position. Biostatigraphic resolution is poor and a sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the paralic succession is far from straightforward. A multidisciplinary approach including facies analysis, recognition and lateral trading of key surfaces, palynostratigraphy, palynofacies, coal petrography, palaeopedology, clay mineralogy and source rock geochemistry is applied in order to obtain a high degree of precision in the interpretation of the paralic facies. In this way four sequences are recognized in the overall backstepping lacustrine to estuarine succession. Marine and marginal marine parasequences are distinguished from their purely lacustrine analogues, and an internally consistent sequence stratigraphic scheme is proposed. This is compared and tentatively correlated with fossiliferous marine sediments in the Danish Basin and with published eustatic cycle charts. 相似文献
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从准层序到米级旋回——层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
层序地层学的基本单位是层序。准层序和准层序组构成了层序的基本结构单元,它们在层序内有规律的空间叠置样式是识别体系域的客观标准。准层序被定义为以海泛面为界的向上变浅序列,但是准层序是一个比较松散的概念,存在问题是对其成因机制研究不足。米级旋回作为旋回地层学的基本单位,定义为数厘米至数米厚的向上变浅的岩相序列,是高频率海平面升降变化的产物,其形成时限为相应的米兰柯维奇天文旋回周期。作为旋回地层学的基本单位,米级旋回以其明确的沉积学涵义和有规律的天文成因机制,是对层序地层学概念体系中的"准层序"的良好补充,对其进行深入研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。从准层序到米级旋回这一概念体系的演变,代表了层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带。最后介绍旋回地层学的最新进展亚米兰柯维奇旋回,它对精确数字定年具有重大意义。 相似文献