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《地学前缘》2017,(6):60-67
海山或火山岛链俯冲与洋壳俯冲具有明显不同的动力学和岩浆效应,主要表现在俯冲带的地貌、发生地震的频度和烈度及火山弧岩浆作用和资源效应。西准噶尔地区泥盆纪—石炭纪火山岩分布有限,多以夹层产出,岩性主要为玄武岩和安山岩,地球化学特征显示:钙碱性和碱性系列均有发育,具有E-MORB或OIB特征,较高的Nd/Sm及~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb比值,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti,具有岛弧岩浆特点。结合西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩中不断识别出OIB特征玄武岩并认为其形成于大洋板内海山的地质事实,提出泥盆纪—石炭纪火山岩具有E-MORB和OIB特征很可能是受早期形成海山在俯冲带内部部分熔融的影响,即为海山俯冲的地质效应,而这种海山俯冲的地质效应可能在整个古亚洲洋的演化过程中都存在,然而需要后续进一步工作。海山俯冲模式的提出不仅丰富了西准噶尔火山岩成因理论,而且为研究西准噶尔构造岩浆事件提供了新思路。 相似文献
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西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩中洋岛玄武岩研究新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
洋岛玄武岩(OIB)起源研究是当代固体地球岩石学及地球化学最基本问题之一,通常被认为源于地幔柱。西准噶尔位于中亚造山带的西南缘,该地区发育多条蛇绿混杂岩带,主要包括唐巴勒、玛依勒、达尔布特及克拉玛依蛇绿混杂岩带,它们组成相似,主要为蛇纹岩、蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、二辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩、铬铁矿、辉石岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩(拉斑质和碱性)、硅质岩及斜长花岗岩。随着研究的不断深入,在西准噶尔蛇绿混杂岩带中不断有不同时代OIB被识别。这些玄武岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,具有高TiO2和FeOt,低MgO,强烈富集轻稀土元素特征,没有明显Nb、Ta负异常,与日喀则及夏威夷洋岛玄武岩地球化学特征极为相似,可能形成于大洋板内的海山或洋底高原,认为其成因与地幔柱相关,表明在西准噶尔(洋)的演化过程中,不仅是洋内俯冲系统,还伴有地幔柱活动。结合前人研究,认为中亚造山带可能是洋内俯冲+地幔柱复合的演化模型。同时,对中亚造山带中的OIB及OIB型玄武岩形成时代进行系统总结发现,它们不仅时代宽度大,并且具有连续发育的特点。对正确认识地幔柱活动在显生宙中亚造山带地壳增生过程中的贡献提供新的资料和证据。 相似文献
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西准噶尔克拉玛依OIB型枕状玄武岩地球化学及其地质意义研究 总被引：14，自引：14，他引：14
克拉玛依西山的枕状玄武岩与浊积岩-凝灰岩共生,厚度大于400米的枕状玄武岩层被火山角砾岩-安山岩-硅质岩-凝灰岩覆盖,岩枕之间充填着硅质泥岩。锆石 SHRIMP 定年结果表明,枕状玄武岩可能在早寒武世形成(>517Ma,这套地层曾经一直被认为属于石炭系)。枕状玄武岩的稀土元素含量(117.4×10~(-6)～153.6×10~(-6))和配分模式与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)基本一致。枕状玄武岩中大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Pb 和 Sr)的含量变化较大(明显偏离 OIB),高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti 和 P)相对 OIB 和原始地幔没有表现出明显异常[e.g.,(Nb/Ta)_(PM)=0.92～0.98,(Zr/Hf)_(PM)=1.08～1.18]。西准噶尔地区存在这套 OIB 型海相火山-沉积建造说明古亚洲洋在西准噶尔地区于寒武纪就已经存在。这套海相玄武岩岩枕中存在大量古元古代—新太古代(1883～2536Ma)岩浆锆石的事实说明,早古生代洋岛玄武岩岩浆源区存在古老大陆地壳物质。 相似文献
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西准噶尔玛依勒地区枕状玄武岩年代学、地球化学及岩石成因 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对造山带内洋岛玄武岩的时代及地球化学性质研究,不仅可以进行古海山/大洋高原的识别,而且还可以进行古洋盆演化及古构造格局恢复。笔者等最新在西准噶尔玛依勒山北侧识别出一套枕状玄武岩,其与火山碎屑岩、硅质岩共生。枕状玄武岩斜长石微晶普遍发育中空骸晶结构,是在水下熔岩急剧萃冷条件下迅速结晶的产物。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得枕状玄武岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为437.2±2.2Ma,该年龄的获得填补了志留纪碱性玄武岩的空白。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,玛依勒枕状玄武岩为碱性玄武岩系列,岩石具有中等Si O2(44.89%~47.81%),高Ti O2(3.28%~4.12%)及P2O5(0.50%~0.70%),低Mg O(3.49%~6.79%),轻、重稀土元素分异较为明显((La/Yb)N=5.5~7.3),无明显Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.96~1.06),相对富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Ba、K、Sr,没有明显Nb、Ta负异常,这些地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)极其相似。微量元素含量及反映源区性质的比值表明,枕状玄武岩来源于富集地幔源区,主要组成为尖晶石和石榴石二辉橄榄岩,并发生了5%±的部分熔融,其形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋岛屿环境。结合前人研究,认为西准噶尔乃至古亚洲洋在中古生代洋内俯冲的同时,大洋板内可能存在地幔柱活动。 相似文献
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西准噶尔是近年来中亚造山带的研究热点地区之一,发育多条蛇绿混杂岩带。随着研究的深入,蛇绿岩混杂岩带中不断有碱性洋岛玄武岩被识别出来。本文对克拉玛依及达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩中的晚泥盆世枕状玄武岩进行详细的岩石地球化学及Sr?Nd同位素组成研究。结果表明西准噶尔晚泥盆世枕状玄武岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,岩石具有高TiO2 （2.3%～3.8%）及P2O5 （0.38%～0.91%）,低MgO （2.41%～4.97%）,轻、重稀土元素分异较为明显,(La/Yb)N = 5.1～14.5,无明显Eu异常（Eu/Eu* = 0.96～1.1）,相对富集Rb、Th、U,亏损Ba、K、Sr,没有明显Nb、Ta负异常,这些地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）极其相似。克拉玛依及达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩中枕状玄武岩具正εNd(t)值（3.3～4.4）及年轻的模式年龄（0.83～0.72 Ga）,表明其来源于亏损地幔源区,通过同位素及微量元素研究认为源区可能为富辉石的橄榄岩,或不含橄榄石的辉石岩和角闪石岩,克拉玛依及达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩中的晚泥盆世枕状玄武岩形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋岛屿环境。这些明显不同于大陆板内具有富集特征的塔里木大火成岩省,它们分别属于两个明显不同的同位素地球化学省,即以富集型地幔为同位素组成的南部省及以亏损型地幔为同位素组成的北部省。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地西北部克-夏基性火山岩地球化学特征及其构造环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对准噶尔盆地西北部克-夏基性火山岩进行了系统的矿物学、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素和同位素地球化学研究。结果显示，克-夏基性火山岩为亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列，以低Ti、贫REE、LREE弱富集及LILE相对HFSE明显富集为特征，与岛弧拉斑玄武岩地球化学特征一致。克-夏基性火山岩正的εNd（t）（＋7．2～＋7．4）和较低的（87^Sr86^Sr）；（0．703717～0．704520）、明显较低的HFSE／LILE以及比大洋玄武岩和OIB陡的206^Pb／204^Pb-207^pb／204^pb相关线斜率，说明其是古洋盆闭合初期由俯冲洋壳之上亏损的岩石圈地幔楔较高程度部分熔融的结果，它形成于洋内弧环境。克-夏基性火山岩与西准噶尔洋盆洋壳的俯冲消减有直接的成因联系，说明西准噶尔弧-盆系向东延伸至盆地内部，盆地西部基底为洋-陆俯冲形成的岛弧型增生地体。 相似文献
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地处中亚造山带西南缘的准噶尔盆地周缘发育多条蛇绿混杂岩带。初步研究表明,在西准噶尔克拉玛依,东准噶尔卡拉麦里及北天山巴音沟蛇绿混杂岩中除典型蛇绿岩组合之外,还存在海山或大洋岛屿岩石组合,即玄武岩、灰岩、泥岩和硅质岩。这些玄武岩属于碱性玄武岩系列,具有高TiO_2和TFeO,低MgO,强烈富集轻稀土元素特征,无明显Nb、Ta负异常,与日喀则及夏威夷洋岛玄武岩地球化学特征极为相似,可能形成于大洋板内的海山或洋底高原,认为其成因与地幔柱相关,表明在古亚洲洋演化过程中,不仅是洋内俯冲系统,还伴有地幔柱活动。 相似文献
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东准噶尔地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩分布广泛,规模巨大,目前对其形成时代及构造背景的认识还存在着较大的争议。以火山岩中的玄武岩、玄武安山岩为研究对象,进行了岩石学、岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素地球化学方面的研究。结果表明,该套火山岩属高钾钙碱性火山岩系,微量元素和稀土元素特征相似,(143Nd/144Nd)i变化幅度小,εNd(t)和T2DM近乎相同,具同源岩浆演化特征和良好的封闭条件。利用Sm-Nd等时线定年方法获得的玄武岩全岩等时线年龄为(319.7±5.9)Ma,(143Nd/144Nd)i=0.512414±0.000006,MSWD=0.34,与区域地质构造背景和已有化石证据基本吻合,代表了火山岩的形成时代。准噶尔地区晚古生代区域构造背景复杂。位于西伯利亚板块和哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块之间的古亚洲洋存在双向俯冲消减过程。南向俯冲带位于扎河坝-克拉玛依一线,俯冲作用至少延续至(319.7±5.9)Ma。持续的南向俯冲造就了东准噶尔地区扎河坝下泥盆统托让格库都克组火山岩代表的岛弧和卡拉麦里蛇绿岩代表的卡拉麦里不成熟弧后盆地的形成。东准噶尔地区石炭系巴塔玛依内山组火山岩就是该过程中不成熟弧后盆地的产物,成岩过程可能是:古亚洲洋持续南向俯冲,导致卡拉麦里地区幔源物质大量上隆并引起弧后扩张,并在消减沉积物和(或)俯冲洋壳脱水产生的流体作用下发生部分熔融,形成的玄武质岩浆不断底侵至壳幔边界,引起少量主体由古生代残余洋壳和岛弧体系组成的年轻下地壳物质部分熔融生成岩浆,并发生相互较完全的混合,而后随着混合岩浆的不断聚集和构造伸展作用的进一步持续,岩浆沿构造薄弱带快速上升至地表,喷发成岩。319.7~311 Ma左右的中亚造山带持续南向增生导致了卡拉麦里弧盆北侧古亚洲洋的消亡,并最终迫使卡拉麦里弧盆北向俯冲消减而闭合。 相似文献
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新疆西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿岩E-MORB型镁铁质岩的地球化学、年代学及其地质意义 总被引：28，自引：12，他引：16
新疆西准噶尔地区是古生代经过俯冲-增生形成的复合造山带,该地区分布有多条蛇绿岩带,其中之一的西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿岩被认为是最大的一条蛇绿岩带,可能代表了古亚洲洋壳的残余。本文的资料显示蛇绿岩带内的镁铁质岩呈现出N-MORB、E-MORB和似OIB的地球化学特征,通过对阿克巴斯套岩体中的浅色辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石年龄测定,获得达拉布特蛇绿岩E-MORB型镁铁质岩的年龄为302±1.7Ma。鉴于达拉布特蛇绿岩中E-MORB和似OIB型镁铁质岩成因的复杂性,结合前人研究成果,对辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄所代表的意义存在两种可能性：（1）E-MORB型和似OIB型镁铁质岩可能是弧后盆地扩张后期的产物,代表蛇绿岩的年龄,其表明西准噶尔地区可能晚石炭纪还有洋盆存在;（2）E-MORB型镁铁质岩是蛇绿岩消亡阶段由于扩张脊和俯冲带碰撞作用而形成的弧前海山,形成时代晚于达拉布特主体蛇绿岩,但其成因与蛇绿岩的演化密切相关。本文侵向于第二种可能性,认为新疆北部晚石炭-早二叠可能仍存在活动陆缘,俯冲作用仍然存在,扩张脊俯冲形成的板片窗效应导致地幔楔、俯冲板片和沉积物等熔融促使基性岩浆向长英质酸性岩浆转变,从而引发了二叠纪大规模玄武质岩浆底侵,导致了该时期的构造-岩浆-成矿-造山作用的发生。 相似文献
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蛇绿岩记录了大洋岩石圈形成、演化、消亡的全过程,是刻画区域板块构造和洋 陆格局演化的关键证据。本文通过系统梳理前人相关研究,总结西准噶尔蛇绿岩最新研究成果,探讨大陆地壳增生方式、恢复古大洋演化历史,从而对西准噶尔构造体制转化提供新制约。西准噶尔地区发育多条震旦纪—石炭纪被构造肢解的蛇绿岩带,具有典型的岩块 基质结构,绝大多数蛇绿岩包括正常洋壳组分和海山/大洋高原残片,其中基性岩具有MORB和OIB的地球化学特征。基于前人研究,本文认为在西准噶尔古大洋发育过程中,发育不同时代与地幔柱有关的海山/大洋高原,同时存在增生型和侵蚀型两类汇聚板块边界。另外,大洋高原增生不仅是大陆地壳增生的有效途径之一,还可能诱发俯冲极性反转和传递。而在大洋高原形成初期,还可能存在地幔柱诱发俯冲起始机制。 相似文献
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古海山是缝合带的关键组成部分,中亚造山带西段的天山造山带内已发现多处古海山,而北山地区却鲜有报道,古海山的发现可以弥补该地区海山研究的不足.通过在北山中部野马泉开展地质调查、测制剖面,发现了一套原始层序完整、以玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩和大理岩为主的地层,具有火山岩基座和碳酸盐岩顶盖的结构,二者原始接触关系为整合接触,符合海山的沉积特征.依据地层中的岩石组合和沉积构造,确定其形成于海山斜坡相.野马泉古海山残骸呈NWW-SEE向延伸,东南部更接近海山顶.该海山中的玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素,具有岛弧玄武岩的特征.该海山为洋内弧型海山,野马泉一带位于海山斜坡,其被构造肢解后呈NWW-SEE向分布. 相似文献
15.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1278-1293
ABSTRACTZircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical analyses are reported for a suite of the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks from West Junggar (Northwest China), southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), with the aim to investigate the sources, petrogenesis, and tectonic implications. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb analysis from an andesite yielded concordant weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 345 ± 3 Ma, indicating the presence of early Carboniferous volcanic rocks in West Junggar. The early Carboniferous volcanic rocks consist of basalt, basaltic andesite, and andesite. Geochemically, all the samples bear the signature of ocean island basalt (OIB), and are characterized by alkaline affinity with minor variations in SiO2 compositions (45.13–53.05 wt.%), high concentrations of Na2O + K2O (5.08–8.89 wt.%) and TiO2 (1.71–3.35 wt.%), and LREE enrichment and HREE depletion ((La/Yb)N = 7.1–12.4), with weak Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.9–1.1) and no obvious Nb, Ta, and Ti negative anomalies. These features suggest that the early Carboniferous volcanic rocks were derived from an OIB-related source that consists of oceanic lithosphere with ~1–3% degree partial melting of garnet lherzolite. From these observations, in combination with previous work, we conclude that the early Carboniferous alkaline volcanic rocks in Karamay region formed by upwelling of asthenospheric mantle through a slab window in a forearc setting during consumption of the West Junggar Ocean. Meanwhile, seamounts, which formed in the Late Devonian and were accreted and subducted in Karamay arc, also brought geological effects in the subduction zone. 相似文献
16.
西南三江造山带火山岩—构造组合及其意义 总被引：67，自引：0，他引：67
岩石构造组合是指表示板块边界或特定的板块内部环境特征的岩石结合。中国西南“三江”造山带的火山岩可划分为五种火山岩－构造组合：洋脊型／准洋脊型组合，岛弧及陆缘弧组合，碰撞型组合，碰撞后组合及陆内拉张型组合。阐述了各种火山岩－构造组合的特点及构造含义。对在造山带火山岩岩石－构造组合分析中经常遇到的一些问题，如“构造岩片”研究方法、地球化学判别图解的使用条件、准洋脊型火山型组合的构造含义、蛇绿岩带－火山弧的成对性、岩浆作用的同步性和滞后性、以及火山岩的深部“探针”作用等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
17.
Zhaochong Zhang Gang Zhou Timothy M. Kusky Shenghao Yan Bailin Chen Li Zhao 《Gondwana Research》2009,16(2):201
The Eastern Junggar terrane of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt includes a Late Paleozoic assemblage of volcanic rocks of mixed oceanic and arc affinity, located in a structurally complex belt between the Siberian plate, the Kazakhstan block, and the Tianshan Range. The early history of these rocks is not well constrained, but the Junggar terrane was part of a Cordilleran-style accreted arc assemblage by the Late Carboniferous. Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the northern part of the east Junggar terrane are divided, from base to top, into the Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Formation (Fm.), Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm., Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm., Early Carboniferous Nanmingshui Fm. and Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. We present major element, trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of 64 (ultra)mafic to intermediate volcanic rock samples of these formations. All Devonian volcanic rocks exhibit remarkably negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies on the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams, and are enriched in more highly incompatible elements relative to moderately incompatible ones. Furthermore, they have subchondritic Nb/Ta ratios, and their Zr/Nb and Sm/Nd ratios resemble those of MORBs, characteristics of arc-related volcanic rocks. The Early Devonian Tuoranggekuduke Fm., Middle Devonian Beitashan Fm., and Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. are characterized by tholeiitic and calc-alkaline affinities. In contrast, the Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. contains a large amount of tuff and sandstone, and its volcanic rocks have dominantly calc-alkaline affinities. We therefore propose that the Jiangzierkuduke Fm. formed in a mature island arc setting, and other Devonian Fms. formed in an immature island arc setting. The basalts from the Nanmingshui Fm. have geochemical signatures between N-MORB and island arcs, indicating that they formed in a back-arc setting. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the Batamayineishan Fm. display geochemical characteristics of continental intraplate volcanic rocks formed in an extensional setting after collision. Thus, we propose a model that involves a volcanic arc formed by northward subduction of the ancient Junggar ocean and amalgamation of different terranes during the Late Paleozoic to interpret the formation of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in the Eastern Junggar terrane, and the Altai and Junggar terranes fully amalgamated into a Cordilleran-type orogen during the end of Early Carboniferous to the Middle–Late Carboniferous. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(3):319-332
The Kermanshah ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex that is located in western Iran and belongs to the Zagros orogenic system. The igneous rocks of this complex consist of both mantle and crustal suites and include peridotites (dunite and harzburgite), cumulate gabbros, diorites, and a volcanic sequence that exhibits a wide range in composition from subalkaline basalts to alkaline basalts to trachytes. The associated sedimentary rocks include a variety of Upper Triassic to Lower Cretaceous deep- and shallow-water sedimentary rocks (e.g., dolomite, limestone, and pelagic sediments, including umber). Also present are extensive units of radiolarian chert. The geochemical data clearly identifies some of the volcanic rocks to have formed from two distinct types of basaltic melts: (i) those of the subalkaline suite, which formed from an initial melt with a light rare earth elements (LREE) enriched signature and incompatible trace element patterns that suggest an island arc affinity; and (ii) those of the alkaline suite with LREE-enriched signature and incompatible trace element patterns that are virtually identical to typical oceanic island basalt (OIB) pattern. The data also suggests that the trachytes were derived from the alkaline source, with fractionation controlled by extensive removal of plagioclase and to a lesser extent clinopyroxene. The presence of compositionally diverse volcanics together with the occurrence of a variety of Triassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks and radiolarian chert indicate that the studied volcanic rocks from the Kermanshah ophiolite represent off-axis volcanic units that were formed in intraplate oceanic island and island arc environments in an oceanic basin. They were located on the eastern and northern flanks of one of the spreading centers of a ridge-transform fault system that connected Troodos to Oman prior to its subduction under the Eurasian plate. 相似文献
19.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the largest accretionary orogens in the world. The mechanism of continental growth and tectonic evolution of the CAOB remain debated. Here we present an overview of Early Paleozoic ophiolitic mélanges, calc-alkaline intrusions, and metamorphic rocks in West Junggar with an aim to provide constraints on the time and mechanism of subduction initiation in the Junggar Ocean, a branch of the southern Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). The Early Paleozoic ophiolitic mélanges are composed of ultramafic-mafic rocks, cherts, pelagic limestones, basaltic breccias and tuffs. The mafic rocks from these ophiolitic mélanges are divided into MORB-like and OIB-like types. The MORB-like rocks were formed in a fore-arc setting, but the OIB-like mafic rocks were formed by the intra-plate magmatism related to mantle plume activities. The Early Paleozoic intrusions are occurred as small stocks with a dominant composition of diorite, trondhjemite, and granodiorite. These granitoids display (high-K) calc-alkaline affinities, and have high and positive εNd(t) and εHf(t) values, formed in an arc-related setting. The metamorphic complex is mainly composed of blueschist and amphibolite blocks with metamorphism ages ranging from ~500 Ma to ~460 Ma. Their protoliths are calc-alkaline andesite and tholeiitic and alkaline basalts, formed in an arc related and seamount setting, respectively. It is clearly show that the West Junggar was under an intra-oceanic subduction regime during the Early Paleozoic, and the initial subduction of the southern PAO might have occurred in the Early Cambrian. Based on our observations, and in combination with previous work, we propose the plume-induced subduction initiation model for the Early-Middle Cambrian tectonic evolutionary of the Junggar Ocean. Our new model not only shed light on subduction initiation dynamics of the southern PAO, but also contribute to tectonic evolution of the CAOB. 相似文献