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经典的CBD内部产业空间布局理论源于西方,在新时期背景下需对其在中国的适用性进行实证检验。本文使用机器学习分类的2000—2018年微观企业数据,通过分析产业结构、集聚程度、空间分布特征等,探寻中国典型城市中心CBD——南京新街口地区的服务业时空演变及空间集聚特征。研究发现：① 南京市新街口服务业产业结构演变表现为生产性服务业数量持续领跑,流通性服务业增速趋缓,与消费性服务业、信息服务业差距拉大,总体未出现专业化趋势;在与全市对比中,消费性服务业有更强的比较优势,且优势随时间推移而扩大。② 行业集聚程度分化,各行业集聚程度演变表现为消费性服务业、社会性服务业与信息服务业总体集聚,其中餐饮、娱乐与居民服务业的集聚程度最高;零售业呈分散趋势,与前者形成倒挂;生产性服务业两极分化,金融业偏集聚,而研发设计服务业偏分散。③ 空间分布上演变整体呈现双圈层收缩趋势,生产性服务业与消费性服务业高度耦合,社会性服务业集聚中心趋于内核,流通性服务业与信息服务业集聚在外圈层。 相似文献
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转型期广州市金融服务业的空间格局变动 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
以广州市1984年第三产业普查数据和1996年、2001年基本单位普查数据为主要数据源,结合其他社会经济统计数据和实地调查资料,采用定性与定量相结合的对比、评估和解释方法,对转型期广州市金融服务业空间格局变动过程及原因进行了研究。结果显示：① 转型期广州市金融服务业向城市新区扩散和向城市中心区集聚并存,“集中于越秀”的初始空间格局变为“中心区多点集聚”的现状空间格局,金融服务业集聚地段的生成表现为一个“由南而北、由西往东”的时空运动过程。② 社会经济体制和金融管理体制转型、金融机构行为变化以及城市空间扩张分别是金融服务业空间格局变动的前提条件、微观基础和空间张力;城市化集聚经济效应促进各区金融服务业差异化增长,递次集中兴建的城市办公活动空间吸引金融机构在城市特定地段集聚。③ 研究时段内广州市金融服务业缺少西方国家城市那样的高端金融服务总部集聚中心,也没有观察到西方大都市CBD衰退现象和金融服务“废弃型”城市空间。 相似文献
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基于空间统计分析法和GIS技术,使用经济普查的银行、证券和保险机构数据,对大陆31个省份金融产业结构的时空演变进行分析。结果表明：从时间来看,中国金融产业的演变具有明显的阶段性、跳跃性、非同步性和非平稳性的特征。从空间来看,各省金融发展不平衡。服务于低端金融需求的银行机构在空间上的分布渐趋均衡,而与投资和保险紧密相关的高端金融机构在空间分布上差异则不断扩大。随着金融安全与投资、融资需求的增加,未来中国金融系统中保险和投融资的金融机构比例将会不断扩大,中国区域金融系统在空间上将呈现部分行业空间差异不断扩大及另一部分行业空间分布差异不断缩小的两种状况同时并存的趋势。 相似文献
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中国石化产业空间组织的演进历程与机制 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文研究了中国石化产业空间组织的演进及格局,探讨了其影响因子及作用机制。研究认为,中国石化产业空间组织经历了内陆分散布局、沿海局部快速集聚及沿海全面加速扩张三个阶段。经过60年发展,中国已形成了“十大石化产业基地”.原材料、市场和政策因素是影响中国石化产业空间组织的三大主导因素,各因素在不同阶段的作用强度存在差异。在石化产业发展的早期,原材料是影响石化产业布局的主要因素,在此因素的影响下,中国石化产业主要布局在原油丰富的东北和西北地区。改革开放以来,随着工业化和城市化进程的加快,市场成为影响石化产业空间布局的主导因素,中国石化产业开始向沿海局部地区布局。2000年以来,在原材料、市场、政策等多种因素驱动下,石化产业加速向沿海地区集聚,沿海石化产业带初步形成,无序扩张态势初现端倪。 相似文献
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《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1212-1248
For some two millennia Istanbul has been one of the world's greatest cities, and is today classified as an "Alpha-" world city in the Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) group's 2010 rankings. Istanbul is an emerging global city that is facilitating Turkey's transnational integration into the global economy, and as of June 2009 the city had the second largest office stock among all Southeast European countries. This paper investigates the determinants of office rent levels in the city's Central Business District (CBD) and the spatial variation of rents in a polycentric metropolis. The paper uses a stepwise regression and a Mamdani-type fuzzy rule-based model to estimate office space rents, and compares empirical results with those of a conventional OLS regression analysis. Rents are driven not only by physical characteristics and locational services, but also the terms of lease contracts. New CBD locations that command the highest rents on spacious, high-rise office spaces with comparatively few employees conform well with contemporary accounts of world-city financial districts, and confirm the significance of urban office infrastructures for globally oriented financial elites beyond the familiar roster of Global North world cities. The traditional center retains the core purpose identified nearly a century ago, in Marshall's analysis of centralization during the most vibrant period of the industrial age. Despite all the transformations of transnational urbanist polycentricity, the traditional CBD is still the place with the most diverse mix of activities, and the greatest variation in rents. 相似文献
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内陆区域中心城市金融产业集聚的演化机理——以郑东新区为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于演化和制度经济地理学,构建了区位机会窗口、金融机构衍生、区域产业分叉、制度厚度“四位一体”的分析框架,以郑州为案例,以郑东新区金融产业集聚区为对象,通过问卷调查和深度访谈,研究了中国内陆区域中心城市金融产业在特定空间的集聚过程与演化机理。研究发现：在金融产业集聚起步阶段,郑东新区开发建设为金融业发展打开了区位机会窗口;在快速发展阶段,金融机构衍生是金融业集聚和集群化发展的重要内生动力;在全面提升阶段,区域产业分叉是金融业态创新和高端要素集聚的主导力量;在郑东新区金融业集聚演化的全过程中,持续改进的政府支持与制度安排使制度厚度不断加厚,自增强机制使制度空间的粘性作用不断增强。与制造业的企业衍生、产业分叉过程不同,金融业集聚演化缺乏从大学实验室、科研机构、已有产业衍生和分叉出以技术为纽带的相关企业的实践,但对制度空间的粘性作用有更强的依赖。 相似文献
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Elaine McKewon 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(3):297-310
This paper charts major changes in the locational distribution of female prostitution in the Perth metropolitan area during the twentieth century, and aims to explain why these changes took place. The study confirmed that there is a positive relationship between changes to law enforcement policy and changes to the spatial distribution of the sex industry. Factors that affect law enforcement policy (and thus the location of prostitution) include the social stigma associated with prostitution, economic forces that compete for urban space and political pressures to contain and occasionally relocate the trade. At the same time, and despite a number of major spatial redistributions caused by changes to law enforcement policy in Perth, the central city area has remained the sex industry's geographical focus throughout the twentieth century. This strong preference to be centrally located is related to the sex industry's primary locational imperatives, being access to major client catchments and availability of appropriate operational premises. The paper argues that a complex set of endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to the locational behaviour of prostitution, and that these forces and their associated dynamics need to be understood in order to successfully integrate the sex industry into an equitable and orderly town planning process. 相似文献
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Phillip Raskall 《The Australian geographer》2002,33(3):281-299
Equity issues associated with Sydney's engagement with prosperity, especially over the last decade, are examined. Sydney is positioned within the historic contexts of major national economic change and of globalisation, noting especially the rise in importance of the financial, property and business services sectors. These sectors are concentred in inner Sydney and have helped position Sydney as Australia's leading global city, thereby generating jobs and growth in incomes. At the same time, however, there have been major shifts in patterns of income distribution across the Sydney metropolitan area and between Sydney and other parts of Australia. In particular, we note the 'revitalisation' of Sydney's inner-urban areas and their association with new forms of Central Business District (CBD) workforce growth and a significant realignment of journey-to-work patterns. Using Australian Taxation Office income data, the dynamics and some of the equity outcomes of 1990s prosperity within the Sydney metropolitan area are examined, paying particular attention to the impact of change in and around the Sydney CBD and the City of Sydney local government area. We find that there has been a complex shift in the nature of inequality across the Sydney metropolitan area, including a widening in incomes in some instances and a major geographic shift in Sydney's income-divide axis. The paper concludes by arguing that ongoing economic prosperity in Sydney will depend on the extent to which social cleavage can be avoided by a more equitable sharing of the benefits of prosperity. 相似文献
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Matthew Himley 《Geographical review》2014,104(2):174-191
This paper examines how the past is constructed and mobilized within contemporary Peruvian mining politics. Beginning with an exploration of tensions existing within the mining industry's relationship to its history, I analyze how mining proponents have sought to both naturalize today's mining expansion by locating it within a national history of extraction, while also working to break free from certain negative aspects of the industry's past. The paper then examines how the past is remembered and invoked within the context of on‐the‐ground struggles at a large‐scale gold mine in the region of Ancash. I address the contradictory ways in which local history is constructed in these struggles and document how memories of past experiences with mining inform how area residents understand and critique the “new” mining economy. This paper underscores the need to understand the complicated, selective, and often‐contradictory ways in which the past is made present in extractive industry conflicts. 相似文献
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以张家界为例,分析了旅游投资决定机制的演变;运用旅游产业响应强度模型,分析武陵源区对旅游投资的时间响应特征,并阐述了在政府和市场作用下张家界旅游产业的空间响应和重构。结果显示：① 从投资决定机制演变看,投资制度安排决定了张家界旅游发展不同时期的投资主体差异,并随制度的演变,凸显了阶段性旅游投资分工格局。② 从时间响应看,在出现期,响应系数由1989年的0.1282增加到1992年的0.1341;在生成期,由1993年的0.1631提高到1999年的0.8511;在发展期,再从2000年的0.8767提高到2012年的1.1214,反映出旅游投资力度的强弱直接影响响应系数的大小。③ 从空间响应看,在政府、世界遗产管理制度和市场共同作用下,形成了以武陵源和天门山两个5A级景区为核心的空间格局,以及“景区游,城区住”的产业布局;经过重构后,旅游服务密度的排序为：桑植县<慈利县<永定区<武陵源区。 相似文献
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改革开放以来,伴随中国制度变革的不断深化,长沙市制造业实现了快速发展,其制造业空间也在转型中得到重构。论文以长沙市都市区为例,基于长沙市工业用地矢量数据,采用空间分析、测度指标评估等研究方法,将制度变迁纳入城市制造业空间动态分析,深入探讨改革开放以来,制度变迁对制造业空间演变的影响作用。基于此,构建了制度体系作用下的制造业空间演变解析框架。研究发现,长沙都市区制造业空间郊区化迁移明显,并在开发区内形成集聚,整体呈现出“大分散、小集聚”的空间格局特征;长沙制造业空间演变很大程度上受到土地制度、开发区制度、环境保护制度和产业制度等的综合影响。其中,土地制度加速了制造业空间郊区化;开发区制度吸引了制造业园区集聚;环境保护制度约束了制造业发展规模;产业制度影响了制造业产业组织结构。 相似文献
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中国城市群金融服务业发展水平及空间格局 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
城市群成为国家经济建设的重要载体,满足城市群产业发展和基础设施建设资金需求,优化金融资源在城市群之间合理配置,摸清城市群金融服务业发展水平状况,显得尤为重要.本研究采用金融相关比率、金融发展效率、保险密度和保险深度等指标体系,通过多指标综合评价方法,定量分析23 个城市群银行、保险和证券等金融服务业发展水平的空间差异和格局.结果表明：① 城市群内金融服务业综合发展水平差异性较大,在空间上形成东部沿海高于西部和中部的空间格局,其中,长三角城市群、京津冀城市群、珠三角城市群发展水平较高.② 城市群金融发展水平滞后于城市群发育水平.其中金融发展效率和保险密度是影响金融服务业综合发展水平的主要因素之一,而金融服务业从业人员多少和城乡居民储蓄额大小影响较小;另外,区域产业结构,特别是上市产业(可交易产品) 结构与城市群金融服务业发展水平相关性大.③ 银行、保险和证券服务业在城市群内部差异较大,京津冀城市群、长三角城市群和珠三角城市群金融资源拥有量占到23 个城市群的50%以上,影响和主导着中国金融业发展. 相似文献
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上海及周边主要城镇城市用地扩展空间特征及其比较 总被引：45，自引：10，他引：35
基于多时段TM遥感影像资料,运用缓冲分析法对上海市区及其周边主要城镇城市用地扩展的时空特征进行了分析和比较。研究结果表明:1)区域城市土地利用扩展过程主要受距中心市区(CBD)的距离的影响;2)城市用地扩展在距CBD10km范围内主要表现为上海市区扩展的空间异向性,距CBD10km范围之外城市扩展的异向性则源于不同时期、不同方向上周边城镇的异速扩展过程,并受河流、渠系等小尺度地貌格局差异的影响;3)上海主要郊区城镇扩展可分为标准型、被动扩展型、平缓扩展型和不规则扩展型。 相似文献
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基于中国土地市场网的2010—2018年土地供应结果数据,运用空间分布重心、区位基尼系数和核密度估计法以长江经济带为例开展了各工业行业用地供应规模的时空演化研究,并探究了不同发展阶段下工业用地供给特征。结果表明：（1）长江经济带各行业用地规模均呈波动性下降态势,而工业配套服务业用地却呈上升趋势。（2）长江上游地区各产业的用地规模增长受到了限制。长江中游地区工业化发展模式正在发生改变,由土地宽供应保增长的发展模式转变为依靠基础设施的拉投资保增长。长江下游地区的各产业处于转型升级形成新集聚阶段,开始了新一轮的产业生产。（3）研究期间,采掘业、其他工业和原材料加工业用地空间上相对集聚演变,能源供应工业、高新技术工业、工业配套服务业、食品轻纺业和现代制造业用地空间上相对均衡演变。（4）处于工业化中期和工业化后期的区域出让工业用地受政治经济环境的影响较大;不同发展阶段的区域平均供地规模和供地行业不同,区域发展阶段越高,对工业用地的需求越大。 相似文献
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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):469-483
Since 1983, Ghana has been undergoing World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) sponsored Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). The implementation of the SAPs, it is claimed, has arrested Ghana's economy from complete collapse, resulted in consistent growth in GDP averaging 6% over the past decade, reduced inflation levels, created budget surplus, and increased export earnings. Compared to the 1970s, these are the best of times indeed. But while these SAPs-derived improvements in the national economy have been recorded at the macro level, the benefits at the micro level are a matter of considerable debate. This study revisits the issue of socioeconomic and spatial disparities that have characterized Ghana since colonial times, emphasizing the period from 1983 when Ghana's SAPs began. It examines current patterns of socioeconomic disparities with emphasis on the distribution of, and access to, health, education, basic services, and the like. The study focuses on urban-rural as well as interregional disparities in the country. 相似文献
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Kwadwo Konadu‐Agyemang 《The Professional geographer》2000,52(3):469-483
Since 1983, Ghana has been undergoing World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) sponsored Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs). The implementation of the SAPs, it is claimed, has arrested Ghana's economy from complete collapse, resulted in consistent growth in GDP averaging 6% over the past decade, reduced inflation levels, created budget surplus, and increased export earnings. Compared to the 1970s, these are the best of times indeed. But while these SAPs‐derived improvements in the national economy have been recorded at the macro level, the benefits at the micro level are a matter of considerable debate. This study revisits the issue of socioeconomic and spatial disparities that have characterized Ghana since colonial times, emphasizing the period from 1983 when Ghana's SAPs began. It examines current patterns of socioeconomic disparities with emphasis on the distribution of, and access to, health, education, basic services, and the like. The study focuses on urban‐rural as well as interregional disparities in the country. 相似文献
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The causes and consequences of financial exclusion have become a policy concern in Britain in recent years. This paper analyses policy discourses around financial exclusion and considers the (social and economic) geographical issues surrounding one particular policy response – universal banking services. It examines the policy background which led to the introduction of these services, and the institutional role of the Post Office, before discussing their potential social and spatial consequences. 相似文献
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利用空间自相关分析法和地理加权回归模型，对1999—2015年中国大陆31个省区旅游投资水平的时空格局演变及其驱动因素进行了分析。结果表明：旅游投资规模水平和投资效率水平提升很快，但区域差异显著，东部依然处于主导地位，中西部跟进速度快；旅游投资水平呈现出较强的空间负相关性，即旅游投资水平高的省区与低的省区在空间分布上表现为大杂居、小集聚的态势；同时旅游投资空间相关性在减弱，体现为各省区旅游投资水平的空间集聚度在不断下降，旅游投资逐渐趋于空间上的离散布局，即高水平与低水平省区呈现出空间分散性与异质性；各因素对旅游投资水平的影响存在空间异质性，其中，经济增长与金融发展是旅游投资水平最关键的驱动因素，且前者贡献度高于后者。 相似文献