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为了探讨泥炭藓共生细菌和泥炭表层沉积物细菌群落的垂向变化以及它们在湿地生态系统中的作用,对大九湖泥炭湿地泥炭藓植株的不同部位和下伏泥炭沉积物进行了分层采样.利用克隆文库和荧光定量PCR技术对样品中的细菌进行了定性和定量分析.结果表明,尽管细菌的16S rRNA基因拷贝数在同一个数量级(108个拷贝/克样品),并以变形菌和酸杆菌占优势,但细菌群落组成由泥炭藓上部至下部再到泥炭沉积物不同深度存在显著的空间变化.泥炭藓上部以蓝细菌(Cyanobacteria)和a变形菌门(alpha-Proteobacteria)为主,中部则以酸杆菌门(Acidobateria)为主,泥炭藓下部和最表层泥炭以?变形菌门和酸杆菌门为主,地表以下的泥炭样品以酸杆菌门占优势.细菌组成的这种空间分布规律与细菌的生态功能密切相关.泥炭藓上部的蓝细菌通过光合作用与泥炭藓共生.酸杆菌门的细菌一方面能适应泥炭湿地低pH的环境条件,另一方面还在泥炭藓植株的降解及泥炭的形成中发挥重要作用,并可能参与泥炭湿地酸性条件的形成.在泥炭藓不同部位均发现了甲基胞囊菌科(Methylocystaceae)的克隆,暗示甲烷氧化不仅局限于泥炭藓死亡的透明细胞中,而是在泥炭藓的整个植株中均可能存在着活跃的甲烷氧化过程.这一工作对深刻理解和定量研究泥炭地的微生物地球化学过程,特别是甲烷通量以及甲烷循环具有重要意义. 相似文献
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地表糙度是衡量地表径流形成的一个重要指标．以东北区典型泥炭沼泽——金川泥炭沼泽为例,考虑地表坡度影响,用链条法对不同群落中糙度系数指标进行计算,并以泥炭沼泽中物种多样性、踏头个数以及踏头形态差异变率系数为主,初步分析泥炭泥泽地表糙度的变化机制,结果表明：在芦苇-臌囊苔草群落、臌囊苔草群落和油桦-臌囊苔草-泥炭藓群落三个植物群落中,糙度系数指标的变化与群落中物种丰富度和生物多样性变化相一致;糙度系数变化与踏头个数呈负相关关系,与踏头形态差异变率系数呈正相关关系说明物种多样性越小,生态优势度越大,优势种植物越少,踏头个数越多,踏头形态变率系数越小,微地貌形态发育相对较一致,糙度系数越小;反之,则地表糙度系数越大。 相似文献
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通过对云南滇池泥炭的考察和分析,阐述了滇池泥炭的基本特性和赋存特征.进而讨论了滇池泥炭形成的古地理环境,它不仅在成炭理论上具有意义,而且对普查和勘探泥炭资源方面也有一定的参考价值.滇池为我国西南地区最大的淡水湖泊,位于云南高原的中部,昆明市西南郊,海拔1890m.滇池也是昆明断陷盆地的沉降中心.盆地的全新统及现代沉积中有泥炭聚积,其下部更新统地层中则有褐煤赋存.因此,对全新世以来泥炭沼泽及其形成的古地理环境的研究,不仅可从一个侧面了解滇池现代演变过程以及成炭机理,而且为云南高原其它类似地区寻找和勘探泥炭资源亦有实际意义。 相似文献
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不同的构造环境,物源基础和保存环境形成矿床在观测结果上表现为不同的地球物理属性,地球物理探测方法利用密度、磁化率、极化率、电阻(导)率、波阻抗等物性差异进行地下地质体探测.利用地球物理方法进行成矿系统探测需要剖析从局部到区域矿物矿床形成的物源、通道和富集以及保存的完整过程,以便在不同的尺度范围内完成地球物理多属性结构成像,指导下一步具体找矿任务.区域地球动力演化、物质和能量源区控制着成矿始端,成矿流体富集成矿以及保存条件控制着成矿末端,流体迁移的通道将成矿始端和成矿末端连接,形成一个完整的成矿系统.本文从成矿系统始端和末端两方面分别阐述各个地球物理探测方法的发展历程和适用范围,最后通过长江中下游成矿带庐枞矿集区泥河铁矿找矿实例论述多尺度地球物理探测方法在成矿系统始端和末端应用效果. 相似文献
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凹山铁矿是宁芜火山盆地内重要的玢岩矿床之一.为进一步厘定该矿床的成矿年龄,分析其成矿动力学背景,本文对凹山铁矿含矿辉石闪长玢岩和磁铁矿样品进行了详细的稀土元素地球化学分析,并对辉石闪长玢岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定.测年结果显示凹山铁矿成矿母岩的形成时代为127.6±4.4 Ma,属早白垩世,该年龄可代表凹山铁矿床的成矿年龄.成矿岩浆源自于地幔或下地壳玄武岩;盆地岩石圈减薄诱发地幔成矿物质进入地壳,成矿时代对应岩石圈减薄的高峰期. 相似文献
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泥炭地是一种水-陆过渡型的湿地生态系统。水体沼泽化过程中,植被等生物群落也随之改变,进而影响泥炭地碳埋藏和发育过程。作为泥炭地生态系统重要的次级生产者,摇蚊群落结构变迁可以为追溯泥炭地环境演变和发育历史提供关键线索。泥炭地在发育过程中将经历各种不同阶段,然而,现有的泥炭地摇蚊群落调查仅限于泥炭生境或泥炭地中开阔水域,较短的生境梯度不足以提供更为全面的摇蚊群落变化信息。神农架大九湖湿地包含泥炭地、湖泊、临时性水体等多种生境,本研究选择该湿地公园作为研究区域,通过采集不同生境的表层沉积物及水体样品,提取底泥亚化石摇蚊头壳,分析大九湖湿地中不同生境下的摇蚊群落结构差异,并对其与环境因子间的关系进行探讨。结果表明:1)大九湖湿地不同生境中摇蚊优势种迥异,泥炭藓藓丘生境中Limnophyes、Psilometriocnemus、Pseudosmittia等半陆生种类为主要优势种,湖泊生境中则以典型静水种Polypedilum nubeculosum-type为主要优势种,而过渡性水域(泥炭地洼地、沟渠及水洼生境)中,静水种与半陆生种共存;2)烧失量、水位埋深和pH是塑造不同生境类型下摇蚊群落结构的显著环境因子,水文条件主要通过改变碳积累过程等其他环境条件间接影响生物群落组成;3)沿水生-半陆生生境梯度,有机质含量和类型均发生显著变化,而摇蚊群落也由静水种、静水/半陆生共存转变为以半陆生种为主,摇蚊群落对生境变化表现出良好的响应过程。本研究揭示了不同生境条件下摇蚊群落的结构差异及影响摇蚊群落结构的潜在因子,为未来基于摇蚊的长时间尺度上泥炭地发育过程分析提供参考依据。 相似文献
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本文基于流-固耦合模型对研究区主要控矿构造的发育演化过程和控矿机制进行数值模拟研究.根据研究区不同构造期次下形成的最大主应力、体积应变、剪切应变、岩层渗透率变化、孔隙压力以及流体流动样式等成矿地质环境的定量结果,分析个旧超大型成矿系统的构造-岩浆-流体要素的相互作用机制.模拟结果显示,在成矿期构造应力场作用下,在先存背斜构造部位形成了强烈的张应力环境,构成了一系列沿北北东走向的有利侵位通道和空间.岩浆反复侵位于此并产生巨大浮力作用,控制了背斜构造发育并形成了低压力、高渗透的扩容空间,促进矿液长效聚集成矿.另一方面,根据东西向断裂组的应力-应变状态及共轭剪切断裂成生发育情况,剖析了该组断裂的形成机制以及在成矿期的性质、运动状态及导矿容矿作用. 相似文献
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新疆额尔齐斯金矿带的成矿作用及其与中亚型造山作用的关系 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
额尔齐斯金矿带在泥盆纪－早石炭世处于沟弧盆体系之喀拉通克岩浆弧与克兰弧后盆地的交界处,前人因此套用活动大陆边缘的成岩成矿模式研究和解释额尔齐斯构造带的金矿形成与分布．但是,大量同位素测年和地质研究均表明成矿事件明显晚于洋壳俯冲体制,而发生于晚石炭－早二叠世的碰撞造山过程中,尤其是挤压－伸展转变期．通过分析典型金矿床的成矿时代、构造背景、矿床地质、成矿流体性质和成矿物质来源等,确证它们与碰撞造山体制的矿床特征一致,成矿物质主要来自矿区南侧地层或地体,因此运用碰撞造山成矿模式重新解释了金矿带的形成,指出了找矿方向． 相似文献
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本文是对吉林榆树周家油坊二级阶地沉积进行孢粉分析的总结。从孢粉资料可以说明,沉积物堆积时期的古植被属森林草原类型,气候寒冷较湿。通过孢粉组合对比,二级阶地形成的时代为晚更新世晚期。 周家油坊在吉林省榆树县西南18公里,因该处二级阶地盛产第四纪哺乳动物化石,所以该地不仅成为东北地区第四纪的“标准”地层之一,也尝有“榆树动物群”之称。但因化石层位欠清,所以在地质时代等问题上仍存争议。为了探讨“榆树动物群”的生活环境及阶地沉积的地质时代,建立该区第四纪孢粉地层层序,在二级阶地采集了一些样品进行孢粉分析 相似文献
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The main aim of this paper is to present the pitfalls connected with the construction of reliable chronologies for anthropogenically disturbed peatlands over the last two millennia based on 210Pb and 14C dating, i.e. the period of the strongest human impact on these ecosystems. The following hypotheses have been formulated: i) parts of peatlands suspected to be affected by peat extraction may possess traces of mechanical disturbances undetectable using different analyses based on biota proxy; ii) failure to consider information included in radionuclide date inversions may contribute to the establishment of misleading chronologies. To test these hypotheses, different scenarios of chronology based on high resolution 210Pb and 14C dating from a peat core retrieved from the Puścizna Krauszowska bog (southern Poland) have been analysed. Nowadays, this mire is intensively exploited by humans; however, it contains remains of dome considered undisturbed, from which the core presented in this paper was collected. The set of dates revealed the presence of marked 14C date inversions (mechanical disturbances) which, if inappropriately interpreted before the age–depth modelling process, may lead to the establishment of misleading chronologies, and thus an incorrect interpretation of biota proxy records, e.g. pollen. Those sections of peat profiles with prominent age inversions and/or strong discrepancies between the peat accumulation rate and bulk density should be rejected from age–depth modelling, even if interpretable chronologies can be obtained. 相似文献
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CUI Qiao Yu Marie-José GAILLARD Fredrik OLSSON Annica GREISMAN Geoffrey LEMDAHL Ganna ZERNOVA 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(2):195-210
We present the major results from studies of fire history over the last 11000 years(Holocene) in southern Sweden, on the basis of palaeoecological analyses of peat sequences from three small peat bogs. The main objective is to emphasize the value of multiple, continuous sedimentary records of macroscopic charcoal(macro-C) for the reconstruction of local to regional past changes in fire regimes, the importance of multi-proxy studies, and the advantage of model-based estimates of plant cover from pollen data to assess the role of tree composition and human impact in fire history. The chronologies at the three study sites are based on a large number of 14 C dates from terrestrial plant remains and age-depth models are achieved using Bayesian statistics. Fire history is inferred from continuous records of macro-C and microscopic charcoal counts on pollen slides. The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm(LRA) for pollen-based quantitative reconstruction of local vegetation cover is applied on the three pollen records for plant cover reconstruction over the entire Holocene. The results are as follows:(1) the long-term trends in fire regimes are similar between sites, i.e., frequent fires during the early Holocene until ca. 9 ka BP, low fire frequency during the mid-Holocene, and higher fire frequency from ca. 2.5 ka BP;(2) this broad trend agrees with the overall fire history of northwestern and western Europe north of the Mediterranean area, and is due to climate forcing in the early and mid-Holocene, and to anthropogenic land-use in the late Holocene;(3) the LRA estimates of plant cover at the three sites demonstrate that the relative abundance of pine played a primordial role in the early and mid-Holocene fire history; and(4) the between-site differences in the charcoal records and inferred fire history are due to local factors(i.e., relative abundance of pine, geomorphological setting, and anthropogenic land-use) and taphonomy of charcoal deposition in the small peat bogs. It is shown that continuous macro-C records are most useful to disentangle local from regional-subcontinental fire history, and climate-induced from human-induced fire regimes, and that pollen-based LRA estimates of local plant cover are more adequate than pollen percentages for the assessment of the role of plant composition on fire history. 相似文献
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A recently exposed section across a ?rst‐order valley buried beneath the regional blanket peat on hillside slopes in the upper Liffey valley, Co. Wicklow, is described. The section shows two alluvia within a shallow valley form underlain by an extensive boulder and stone line over regional till and weathered granite. 14C dates from wood in the alluvia indicate the older alluvium to have formed between 4324 ± 53 BP and 4126 ± 45 BP and the younger between 3217 ± 53 BP and 2975 ± 53 BP . The basal layer of the overlying peat yielded a date of 2208 ± 61 BP . The younger alluvium shows the effects of soil paludi?cation prior to the peat expansion. Dated pollen analyses elsewhere in the upper catchment con?rm the spread of blanket peat over most areas above 350 m after 4000–3600 BP . The buried valley was contributing sediments to the mid‐Holocene ?oodplains in the upper Liffey valley prior to the extension of blanket peat over the catchment after which sediment yields from it and the other catchment slopes declined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Characteristics of an early Holocene climate and environment from lake sediments in Ebinur region, NW China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
WU Jinglu SHEN Ji WANG Sumin JIN Zhangdong & YANG Xiangdong Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(2):258-265
The characteristics of climatic environment in the early Holocene epoch were studied through analyzing environmental proxies from the sediments in the Ebinur Lake——a closed one in the arid region. The pollen assemblage and other geochemical indices showed that, the temperature was somewhat low in the period (8.0-11.5 cal kaBP) as a whole, but in the early period (11.5-10.6 cal kaBP) the temperature was higher, in company with more precipitation. In the conversion period from the early Holocene epoch to the middle Holocene epoch (8.9-8.0 cal kaBP) the climate fluctuated remarkably. Particularly the three layers of peat sediment revealed the strong instability of climate in the early Holocene epoch in the Ebinur region. All information on the development of peat and the experimental data of pollen and stable isotopes implied that, the climatic condition at 8.2, 8.6 and 10.5 cal kaBP was characterized by noticeable cold and humidness, and could be regarded as three cold and humid events in the early Holoc 相似文献
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Climate changes in East China since the Late-glacial inferred from high-resolution mountain peat humification records 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
High-resolution peat humification records were obtained from Dajiuhu of the Shennongjia Mountains and Qianmutian of the Tianmu Mountains to study climate changes in East China. The analyses of pollen, organic matters, TOC, and Rb/Sr indicate a high degree of peat humification and thus strong decomposition of organic matter when climate was dry. Conversely, when climate was humid, the degree of humification is low because peat was preserved in a waterlogged condition. Peat humification from Dajiuhu occurred not only during the Younger Dryas (about 11.4–12.6 cal ka BP), the Bølling-Allerød Warm Period (12.6–15.2 cal ka BP), and the Oldest Dryas (about 15.2–16.0 cal ka BP), but also during the early Holocene (about 11.4–9.4 cal ka BP), the 8.2 cal ka BP cold event, and the Holocene Optimum (about 7.0–4.2 cal ka BP). Both peat humification records since nearly 5 ka BP are consistent, showing that mountain peatland has synchronous responses to the East Asia monsoon-induced precipitation. The LOI data confirm the above observation. The monsoon precipitation since nearly 5 ka BP recorded in these two peat profiles can be divided into three phases. During 4.9–3.5 ka BP, precipitation amount was high but fluctuated greatly. During 3.5–0.9 ka BP, precipitation amount was low. During 0.9–0 ka BP, degree of humification reduced gradually, indicating the increase of monsoon precipitation. Contrast to other high-resolution records from East China monsoon region shows that the monsoon precipitation records of the two peat profiles since nearly 16 ka BP are controlled by a common forcing mechanism of summer solar radicalization in the Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献
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QI Huawen HU Ruizhong & QI Liang . Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang China . Department of Earth Science Nanjing University Nanjing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1411-1417
Since Goldschmidt discovered unexpectedly high concentration of Ge in coal in 1930[1], many research- ers have studied the characteristics of Ge-bearing coal, the existing form or mode of occurrence and the dis- tribution characteristics of Ge in coal[2―13], but little was known about the pathway and the physical- chemical conditions of Ge entering the coal[7]. Al- though Ge exists mainly in the organic form in coal[8,9], the organic Ge in natural water is stable and does not participate in… 相似文献