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秦巴山区马尾松林和油松林的空间分布及亚热带与暖温带界线划分 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
秦岭不仅是中国南北的地理分界线,也是中国亚热带和暖温带的气候分界线,在中国地理生态格局中占有重要的地位和作用。由于过渡带的复杂性、过渡性和异质性以及划分指标、研究目的的不同,学术界关于这一南北地理—生态分界线的具体位置一直有争论。为了进一步揭示秦巴山区过渡带的特征,明确中国南北地理—生态分界线的位置,本文选择马尾松（Pinus massoniana）林和油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）林这两类分别代表中国南方亚热带针叶林和北方温带针叶林的植被,结合研究区SRTM地形数据、气温和降水数据等,以年降水、最冷月（1月）气温、最热月（7月）气温和年均温为气候指标,详细分析了这两类植被在秦巴山区的空间分布及二者分界线处的气候条件。结果表明：① 马尾松林和油松林的分界线及相应位置的气候指标可以作为亚热带与暖温带界线划分的植被—气候指标之一。秦巴山区亚热带针叶林（马尾松林）与温带针叶林（油松林）的分界线位于伏牛山南坡至汉中盆地北缘一线（秦岭南坡）海拔1000~1200 m处;分界线处气候指标稳定：年降水750~1000 mm,年均温12~14 ℃,最冷月气温0~4 ℃,最热月气温22~26 ℃。② 通过综合的植被—气候指标来划分秦巴山区亚热带和暖温带的界线,能更科学地确定气候带分界线的位置及过渡带的特征,更全面地反映地表植被—气候格局的变化。此外,秦巴山区亚热带与暖温带的界线应该是由亚热带与暖温带针叶林分界线、阔叶林分界线、灌丛分界线等组成的一个过渡带。本文的研究结果为亚热带与暖温带划分指标的选取提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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Pinus taiwanensis is a species endemic to China. This study selected four typical plots of Pinus taiwanensis in the natural secondary forest around Macheng City, in order to reveal the characteristics of and the relationships between different diameter classes (determined based on the diameter at breast height or DBH), forest densities and species diversity, as well as the similarities of species diversity of different plots within the community. The result showed that Pinus taiwanensis was the dominant species in the community. The ratio of Pinus taiwanensis trees of diameter class IV reached a peak of 19.46% of the total followed by diameter class VII at 18.92%. The study recorded 156 species of vascular plants from 130 genera of 71 families; Pinus taiwanensis was the dominant species in the community. When the forest density was 1200 trees ha -1 with the largest average diameter of DBH=36.779±4.444 cm, the diversity (Shannon index H'=1.6716) and the evenness (Pielou index E=0.6727) of the tree layer was the highest. When the forest density reached 1525 trees ha -1 with the lowest average diameter of DBH=18.957±5.141 cm, the richness (Dma=5.4308), the diversity (H'=2.9612) and the evenness (E=0.8985) of all shrub layers climbed to the maximum. When the forest density was 1325 trees ha -1, the richness (Dma=5.8132), the diversity (H'=3.0697) and the evenness (E=0.9025) of all herb layers peaked. In terms of vertical structure, the average diversity indexes were herb layer>shrub layer>tree layer. High canopy density weakened light intensity in the community, causing a reduction in the species diversities of herbs and shrubs. The average similarity coefficient between the sample plots was 0.3356, which was at the medium dissimilarity level. External disturbances and improper management were major contributors to the low species diversity of the community. The implementation of scientific management measures is urgently needed to optimize the forest structures of Pinus taiwanensis, create a benign community environment, and promote species diversities and establish a stable forest community structure. 相似文献
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天柱山黄山松群落特征及其环境功能评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用样方法,通过野外实地调查、数理统计,分析了天柱山黄山松群落特征和物种多样性;采用因子分析法、专家评价法和模糊评价方法,评价了天柱山黄山松群落环境功能及价值。结果表明:天柱山黄山松群落物种组成较复杂,科属分散,共有52科105属,区系成分多样,覆盖了9个种子植物科的分布区类型,具有明显的从北亚热带常绿阔叶林向暖温带落叶阔叶林过渡的特点;物种多样,乔木层、灌木层、草本层的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为1.9814、2.3175、2.1077,但由于人类活动的影响,乔木层黄山松的相对密度和优势度较大,多样性指数相对较低;群落顺行演替,环境服务功能多样,保护价值较重要。 相似文献
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黄土高原子午岭林区油松林种子雨强度及时空动态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过布设种子收集器（接种框）,对黄土高原子午岭林区的油松密林、油松林缘和单株油松（孤立木）的种子雨强度、种子雨历时、种子散播的时空分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）油松林内、林缘、孤立木输入地面的种子总量分别为85.5、191.5、178.0粒·m-2,不同母树类型种子雨强度有明显差异;（2）油松种子降落从10月初开始,11月初结束,种子雨历时约32 d;种子雨在10 d左右达到峰值;（3）林内种子雨强度有较大的空间异质性,种子分布呈聚集分布格局（扩散系数C=33.618）;（4）种子雨过程中不同类型种子的消长趋势及所占比重不同,完整种子在种子雨初期占有优势,未成熟种子在种子雨后期急剧增加,而残缺种子在整个种子雨过程中占的比重变化不大,完整、未成熟和残缺种子累积总量与种子雨强度呈线性相关;（5）林缘和孤立木的种子雨集中在距母树1～3 m的冠幅范围内,这说明油松种子雨扩散以重力传播为主。 相似文献
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在云南哀牢山西麓川河河谷残存有较大面积的季风常绿阔叶林,其周围分布着思茅松林.采用典型取样法,对季风常绿阔叶林及思茅松林的物种组成与群落结构进行了调查和分析,结果表明:季风常绿阔叶林乔木层的优势种主要是红木荷(Schima wallichii)、高山栲(Castanopsis delavayi)、密花树(Rapanea neriifolia),而思茅松成熟林以思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)为绝对优势.在季风常绿阔叶林的29株样树树干上共调查到附生植物共36种,但在思茅松林中几乎找不到附生植物.季风常绿阔叶林和思茅松成熟林的香农-威纳多样性指数分别为3.32和1.70;相对于思茅松林,季风常绿阔叶林物种组成和群落结构都更复杂,具有较高的生物多样性和稳定性.由于该区域的季风常绿阔叶林受到了较为严重的人为干扰和破坏,因此,需要进一步加强对山地森林植被的保护与管理,尽量减少人为干扰,并采取适当的人工抚育措施,促进该区山地森林资源的保护和恢复. 相似文献
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基于地理探测器的中国亚热带北界探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
暖温带与亚热带的分界线,是自然区划中一条重要的自然界线,它的划分问题曾引起诸多学科学者的争论。由于早期综合自然区划研究多以定性、专家集成方法为主,同时区划目的、使用指标等多有不同,导致不同学者所划分的自然区多存在一定的差异。本文基于空间分异性思想,使用地理探测器定量探测气候指标对中国亚热带北界的影响,选择其中q值较大的指标如日均温≥0℃天数、最冷月1月均温、年降水和湿润指数等作为主导因子并参考植被、土壤数据探讨亚热带北界界线的位置。结果表明：① 地理探测器法可以快速、准确地筛选自然区划的主要气候指标,并确定分界线的准确位置,提高了自然区划研究的技术水平和区划界线的客观性。② 使用地理探测器划分的新界线在研究区西部位于秦岭南坡1000~1600 m的位置,与以往界线相比略偏南;在研究区东部河南东部、安徽北部比以往界线略偏北。在保持自然要素完整性的同时,新界线具有更大的q值,表明新界线可以很好的反映暖温带与北亚热带2个区划带之间的差异,划分结果具有合理性。 相似文献
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沙地彰武松在不同基质上扦插生根性状研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
彰武松在3种基质中插穗生根性状存在显著差异。综合分析生根率、生根性状和根系效果指数等三个因素,发现蛭石基质最好,草炭基质次之,细沙基质较差。草炭基质虽生根率较高,但根系效果指数却没有蛭石好。生根能力较差的细沙基质,生根性状离散度最大。彰武松插穗生根性状的相关分析表明,侧根数、不定根（插穗底部切面不同位置上长出的主根）数、最长不定根长分别与根总长度存在极显著正相关,侧根数、不定根数及最长不定根长相互存在极显著正相关,最长不定根长与最长不定根粗有显著负相关关系。 相似文献
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Climate response and radial growth of Pinus tabulaeformis at different altitudes in Qilian Mountains
In order to test whether the relationship between climate and the radial growth of trees is affected by altitude, altitude variability and time stability of climate-influenced radial growth of a dominant conifer, Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), in the eastern Qilian Mountains were studied against the background of climate change using dendrochronology. Results show that 1) droughts at the end of the growing season of last year and during the early and middle growing season of the current year were the main limiting factors for the radial growth of Chinese pine at two altitude gradients; this was determined by analyzing the relationship between tree-ring width chronologies and climate factors. 2) The sensitivity of the radial growth of trees to climate change gradually decreased and was affected more by drought stress at a lower altitude. 3) An unstable divergence response was observed in the radial growth at the two altitudes, in response to controlling climatic factors; this observation was based on the moving correlation analysis of growth/climate relationships, and the aggravation of drought stress caused by increasing temperature was the main reason. 4) The growth rate of Chinese pine at the two altitudes increased at first and then decreased, as measured by basal area increment (BAI) modeling. Future temperature rises may have significant effects on mountain forest ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. Effective management and protection measures should be taken, according to the response patterns of trees to climate change at different altitude gradients. 相似文献
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气候变暖对中国亚热带北界位置的影响 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
在全球气候变暖的背景下,中国气候带也有相应的变化。亚热带北界是暖温带与北亚热带的交界,是中国气候带上的一个重要分界线。论文讨论了气候变暖对中国亚热带北界的影响。数据资料来自于中国气象局,采用中国740个站点1951~2005年的日平均温度资料。根据《中华人民共和国气候图集》中气候区划的第一级气候带定义指标,以≥10℃天数为主导指标,≥10℃积温、1月平均温度为辅助指标,定义亚热带北界为≥10℃天数为218天,≥10℃积温为4500~4800℃,1月平均气温为0℃。分别统计1951~2005年暖温带与亚热带指标的年代变化及亚热带北界在1951~1970、1971~1990、1991~2005年的位置演变,结果表明:34°N附近55年来≥10℃天数、≥10℃积温、1月平均温度都呈上升趋势。20世纪50年代至今,亚热带北界西段几乎没有变化;亚热带北界中东段向北推移幅度较大,到本世纪初向北已推移到35°N附近,较1951~1970年向北推移2~3个纬度。亚热带北界位置的向北推移是对全球气候变暖的一种响应,这将对我国农业布局和生态环境有重要影响。 相似文献
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The formation of tree-rings is closely related to climate variation. This paper establishes the tree-ring chronology of Pinus massoniana for a period of 36 years and examines the relationship between the tree-ring chronology and climatic conditions based on tree-ring width samples from three sites on the northeast slopes of Yangming Mountain. This data is used to study the relationship between the tree-ring width of a young tree and climatic conditions in a moist hilly region of southern China and to understand the general pattern of climate variation and its effects on tree growth in the past in this region. The results indicate that changes in tree-ring widths in these sites are closely related to local climatic conditions. There is a significant positive correlation between the radial growth of Pinus massoniana and the mean temperature of the current year from January to May (coefficient of correlation, R, is 0.596, P<0.01) and the mean temperature of the previous year from June to July (R is 0.639, P<0.01). The radial growth of Pinus massoniana is negatively correlated with the total precipitation of the previous year from January to March and November to December (R is -0.46, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the total precipitation of the previous year from June to July (R is -0.582, P<0.05). The effect of precipitation on the radial growth of Pinus massoniana is known as the “hysteresis effect”. 相似文献
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秦岭─黄淮平原交界带气候边际效应初探* 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文基于地理学和生态学中边际效应的观点,论述山地与平原两大系统在一定条件下相互作用,形成一些既不同于山地又异于平原的特殊气候现象──气候边际效应。分析指出,气候边际效应在秦岭-黄淮平原交界带中主要表现为坡地暖带、强降水效应和干旱效应,并对这三种气候边际效应的特征及成因进行了探讨。 相似文献
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中国亚热带北界及其过渡带 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文根据亚热带热量指标构造了热量综合指数表达式,确定亚热带北界的具体位置、宽度和特征,分析过渡带内气候变量在时间上和空间上的内在联系。 相似文献
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本文基于地理学和生态学中边际效应的观点，论述山地与平原两大系统在一定条件下相互作用，形成一些既不同于山地又异于平原的特殊气候现象──气候边际效应。分析指出，气候边际效应在秦岭－黄淮平原交界带中主要表现为坡地暖带、强降水效应和干旱效应，并对这三种气候边际效应的特征及成因进行了探讨。 相似文献
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应用热扩散探针测定福建长汀水土流失区生长季马尾松东南西北4个方位的树干液流密度,并比较不同人工治理措施下马尾松树干液流密度的特征,利用自动气象站同步记录环境因子变化,以探讨先锋树种的水分生理生态特征及其对环境变化的响应.研究表明,马尾松4个方位的树干液流密度日变化均呈现单峰型变化规律;南向树干液流密度峰值最高,日变化幅度也最大;东、西、南、北4个方位的液流密度差异显著(P<0.01),但各方位液流间呈现显著的线性关系;树干4个方位液流的启动时间与太阳辐射之间存在约3个小时的时滞;4个方位液流与环境因子相关性均极显著(P<0.01),其中与液流密度相关性最强的是空气温度,其次为土壤温度和太阳辐射,4个方位液流受环境因子的影响程度存在差异;不同治理措施下的马尾松液流密度日变化规律相似,但数值差异显著(P<0.01),经过人工施肥的样地马尾松树干液流密度峰值明显高于未施肥的样地. 相似文献
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本文根据亚热带热量指标构造了热量综合指数表达式,确定亚热带北界的具体位置、宽度和特征,分析过渡带内气候变量在时间上和空间上的内在联系。 相似文献
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The boundary between suptropical zone and temperate zone is not only important in physical geography, but also attractive in agricultural production. Seven soil profiles studied in this paper are placed along the southern slope of Funiu Mountain at different heights above sea level. Many compositions and properties of these soils have been determined in laboratory. In this paper, the laws of migration and accumulation of soil materials on the southern slope of Funiu Mountain are discussed first, then the division of the boundary between suptropical zone and temperate zone in this area according to soil geochemistry is discussed with qualitative methods and mathematical classification method in which twelve selected indexes such as Km, Saf, Ba, β, Feo/Fet, Mno/Mnt and so on are used. The result indicates that the boundary between suptropical zone and temperate zone on the southern slope of Funiu Mountain is about 950 m above sea level. 相似文献
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根据土壤化学特征划分伏牛山亚热带北界 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The boundary between subtropical zone and temperate zone is not only important in physical geography, but also attractive in agricultural production. Seven soil profiles studied in this paper are placed along the southern slope of Funiu Mountain at different heights above sea level.Many compositions and properties of these soils have been determined in laboratory. In this paper,the laws of migration and accumulation of soil materials on the southern slope of Funiu Mountain are discussed first, then the division of the boundary between subtropical zone and temperate zone in this area according to soil geochemistry is discussed with qualitative methods and mathematical classification method in which twelve selected indexes such as Km, Saf, Ba, β, Feo/Fet, Mno/Mnt and so on are used. The result indicates that the boundary between subtropical zone and temperate zone on the southern slope of Funiu Mountain is about 950 m above sea level. 相似文献