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1.
尝试利用卫星遥感高分辨率海表温度资料GHRSST (Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature) 与海表温度(sea surface temperature, SST)数值预报产品之间的误差, 建立一种南海SST模式预报订正方法。首先, 利用南海的Argo浮标上层海温数据对GHRSST 海温数据进行验证, 结果表明两者之间均方根误差约为0.3℃, 相关系数为0.98, GHRSST 海温数据可用于南海业务化数值预报SST的订正。预报订正后的SST与Argo浮标海温数据相比, 24h、48h和72h的均方根误差均由0.8℃左右下降到0.5℃以内。与GHRSST 海温数据相比, 南海北部海域(110°E—121°E, 13°N—23°N)订正后的24h、48h和72h的SST预报空间误差均显著减小, 在冷空气影响南海期间或中尺度涡存在的过程中, SST预报订正效果也较为显著。因此, 该方法可考虑在南海业务化SST数值预报系统中应用。  相似文献   

2.
本文利用美国NCEP/NCAR逐月的再分析资料、HadISST海温、中国160台站气温和反映渤海冰情轻重的渤海冰情等级资料,研究了前秋巴伦支海海温异常对后期渤海冰情和东亚冬季风的影响,并对相关的物理过程进行分析。结果表明,前秋巴伦支海关键区海温与该区域海冰密集度呈显著的负相关,且具有较好的持续性,通过调节随后冬季向大气释放的热通量,引起后期环流变化。偏高(偏低)年冬季亚洲纬向环流偏弱(偏强),东亚大槽加深(减弱),东亚冬季风加强(减弱),我国东北、华北及西北地区地区显著偏冷(偏暖),这与冬季渤海海冰异常的强度和范围都偏大(小)及与之相联系的环流异常相一致。进一步的分析揭示了联系上游关键区海温变化与后期东亚地区气候异常的重要途径,前秋巴伦支海海温偏高会导致200 hPa高度场形成一个自西向东的波列形式,在东亚局地Hadley环流异常的作用下,加强了我国北方地区地表的北风异常。因此,前秋巴伦支海海温异常可以作为冬季渤海冰情的预报因子。  相似文献   

3.
In the present article, we introduce a high resolution sea surface temperature(SST) product generated daily by Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST). The SST product is comprised of four sets of data including eight-hour and daily average SST data of 1 km resolution, and is based on the four infrared(IR) satellite SST data acquired by advanced very high resolution radiometer(AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), Multifunctional Transport Satellites-2(MTSAT-2) Imager and Meteorological Imager(MI), two microwave radiometer SSTs acquired by Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2(AMSR2), and Wind SAT with in-situ temperature data. These input satellite and in-situ SST data are merged by using the optimal interpolation(OI) algorithm. The root-mean-square-errors(RMSEs) of satellite and in-situ data are used as a weighting value in the OI algorithm. As a pilot product, four SST data sets were generated daily from January to December 2013. In the comparison between the SSTs measured by moored buoys and the daily mean KIOST SSTs, the estimated RMSE was 0.71°C and the bias value was –0.08°C. The largest RMSE and bias were 0.86 and –0.26°C respectively, observed at a buoy site in the boundary region of warm and cold waters with increased physical variability in the Sea of Japan/East Sea. Other site near the coasts shows a lower RMSE value of 0.60°C than those at the open waters. To investigate the spatial distributions of SST, the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature(GHRSST) product was used in the comparison of temperature gradients, and it was shown that the KIOST SST product represents well the water mass structures around the Korean Peninsula. The KIOST SST product generated from both satellite and buoy data is expected to make substantial contribution to the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) as an input parameter for data assimilation.  相似文献   

4.
环渤海沿岸海表温度资料的均一性检验与订正   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
本文对环渤海沿岸具有代表性且资料完整的6个海洋观测站的月均海表温度(SST)序列作均一性检验和订正。我国海洋观测站密集度低,难以选择参考序列,本文首先采用不依赖参考序列的惩罚最大F检验(PMFT)方法对SST序列检验,利用详尽的元数据对检验结果进行确认,再对不连续点订正,该方法适用于元数据详尽的海洋观测站。对于元数据不详尽的观测站,使用惩罚最大T检验(PMT)方法,选取与海洋台站距离近且相关显著的气象观测站的均一化地面气温序列来制作参考序列,对SST序列进行检验和订正。结果表明,环渤海地区SST序列都存在一定非均一性,观测站较大距离迁移和观测系统变更(从人工观测到自动化观测)是造成非均一性的重要原因。订正后的环渤海地区年平均SST增温趋势更加明显。本文使用不同方法来检验SST序列的均一性,该思路对沿海其他海区观测站SST均一性检验和订正有一定参考价值和应用前景,可为沿海气候变化研究提供科学准确的第一手资料。  相似文献   

5.
渤海冬季海冰反照率变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
渤海海冰对于大尺度气候变化比较敏感,基于CLARA-A1-SAL数据分析了1992~2008年冬季（12、1、2月）渤海海冰区域反照率的时空变化,同时分析了海冰密集度、海冰外延线面积和海水表面温度的变化与海冰反照率的相互关系。渤海海冰区域反照率随时间波动变化且变化趋势不明显,趋势线斜率仅为0.0388%。年际变化在9.93%~14.5%之间,平均值为11.79%。海冰反照率在1999,2000和2005等重冰年的值明显高于其他年份,在1994,1998,2001和2006等轻冰年的值较低。从单个月份反照率来看,12月海冰反照率的增加趋势（趋势线斜率0.0988%）明显高于1月和2月,1月的海冰反照率平均值（12.9%）高于另外两个月份。海冰反照率和海冰密集度呈明显的正相关关系;和海表面温度呈负相关关系（显著性水平90%）。  相似文献   

6.
卢峰  郑彬 《海洋学报》2011,33(5):39-46
利用1967-2009年的逐月海表温度(Sea Surface Temperature,SST)资料和降水资料,以及经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)和相关分析方法,探讨了亚印太交汇区(Joining Area of Asia and Indian-Pacific Oce...  相似文献   

7.
东海陆架表层水温年际变化时空特征分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
结合东海沿岸嵊山(北)和厦门(南)站1960—2001年海表温度(SST)监测数据与东中国海1982—2011年AVHRR水温资料,讨论了台站监测的空间代表范围,分析了东海陆架SST年际变化的时空特征。结果表明,嵊山和厦门站SST变化分别代表内陆架和台湾海峡。东海陆架52年来SST总体呈升温趋势,冬季最为显著;内陆架的升幅远大于台湾海峡。内陆架水温冬季分别在1977年和1995年发生两次跃升,共升温2.34℃;春、夏、秋季均在1994年发生冷暖转折,分别升高1.19℃、1.43℃和1.16℃。台湾海峡水温冬季在1989年跃升0.91℃,夏季在1987年跃升0.38℃,春、秋季则在1996—1997年间分别升温0.80℃和0.58℃。全年水温变化最大处在长江口附近内陆架海区,可能的主导因素是低盐水与外海水混合:随季风、降水、径流变化的沿岸流、长江冲淡水和台湾暖流给该区域带来不同水团,使得热量向下层输运减少,从而导致东海内陆架升温快于其它海区。  相似文献   

8.
海表水温变动对东、黄海鲐鱼栖息地分布的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
海表水温(SST)通常是表征鱼类栖息地分布的主要指标。本文根据1999—2007年我国大型灯光围网的鲐鱼生产统计数据,结合海洋遥感获得的SST,分析了渔汛期间鲐鱼栖息地的适宜SST范围,探讨了SST变动情况下鲐鱼栖息地的变化趋势。研究结果表明,东、黄海鲐鱼7—12月的适宜SST范围为15~30℃。根据政府气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四份评估报告,本文拟定4种SST上升的情况,即(1)每月平均SST+0.5℃;(2)每月平均SST+1℃;(3)每月平均SST+2℃;(4)每月平均SST+4℃。结果显示,东、黄海鲐鱼的潜在栖息有明显向北移动的趋势,并且栖息地面积逐渐减小。研究认为,全球气候变化引起的SST上升,可能会对近海鲐鱼栖息地造成严重的影响。  相似文献   

9.
Sea surface temperature(SST) measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of China during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this study. The homogenous surface air temperature(SAT) series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference series.Monthly mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test, called penalized maximal t test. Homogenized monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata information. Results show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation, which accounts for about 61.3% and 24.2% of the total break points,respectively. The regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19°C per decade). This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22°C per decade), while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09°C per decade for 1960–2015. This finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable, and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be underestimated. Thus a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate change. Furthermore, the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also analyzed. This work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades, with the largest warming rate occurring in winter. At last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated.  相似文献   

10.
A primitive equation model and a statistical predictor are coupled by data assimilation in order to combine the strength of both approaches. In this work, the system of two-way nested models centred in the Ligurian Sea and the satellite-based ocean forecasting (SOFT) system predicting the sea surface temperature (SST) are used. The data assimilation scheme is a simplified reduced order Kalman filter based on a constant error space. The assimilation of predicted SST improves the forecast of the hydrodynamic model compared to the forecast obtained by assimilating past SST observations used by the statistical predictor. This study shows that the SST of the SOFT predictor can be used to correct atmospheric heat fluxes. Traditionally this is done by relaxing the model SST towards the climatological SST. Therefore, the assimilation of SOFT SST and climatological SST are also compared.  相似文献   

11.
渤海海温与叶绿素季节空间变化特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
以2003年MODIS数据为数据源，在图像处理、空间插值的基础上作海温与叶绿素浓度的空间相关分析。结果表明，整个海域的叶绿素浓度和海温的分布具有明显的区域和季节变化特征。基本规律是叶绿素浓度从近岸向渤海中央递减；温度则随季节发生变化，随着温度升高，近海叶绿素浓度增高，而渤海中央区域叶绿素浓度降低。渤海叶绿素浓度的分布与河口径流、季节等因素有关。从空间关系看，海温与叶绿素浓度不存在很明显的空间分布相关性，但不同季节有不同的相关性。上述研究可用于估算海洋初级生产力。  相似文献   

12.
Satellite-borne sea surface temperature (SST) data were assimilated with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in a Northwest Pacific Ocean circulation model to examine the effect of data assimilation. The model domain included the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, such as the Yellow Sea and East/Japan Sea. The performance of the data assimilation was evaluated by comparing the simulated ocean state with that observed. Spatially averaged root-mean-squared errors in the SST and sea surface height (SSH) decreased by 0.44 °C and 4 cm, respectively, by the assimilation. The results of the numerical experiments substantiated the effectiveness of the SST assimilation via the EnKF for all marginal seas, as well as the Kuroshio region. The benefit of the data assimilation depended on the characteristics of each marginal sea. The variation of the SST in the East/Japan Sea and the Kuroshio extension (KE) region were improved 34% and those in the Yellow Sea 12.5%. The variation of the SSH was improved approximately 36% in the KE region. This large improvement was achieved in the deep-water regions because assimilation of SST data corrected the separation point of the western boundary currents, such as the Kuroshio and the East Korea Warm Current, and the associated horizontal surface currents. The SST assimilation via the EnKF also improved the subsurface temperature profiles. The effectiveness of SST assimilation was seasonally dependent, with the improvement being relatively larger in winter than in summer, which was related to the seasonal variation of the vertical mixing and stratification in the ocean surface layer.  相似文献   

13.
本文用能谱方法分析了黄海的海表面水温(SST)场的准周期变化。由分析结果清楚地看出,SST具有高频准周期变化:黄海北部以2.6—3.2,1.4—1.7,3.6—3.8和6.7个月的准周期为主;3.3—3.6,5,1.3—2.3及6.7个月在黄海南部占优势。同时,两个海域都有6.7和3.3年的明显的准周期变化。  相似文献   

14.
Data collected from hydrographic stations occupied within the Venezuelan and Columbian basins of the Caribbean Sea from 1922 through 2003 are analyzed to study the decadal variability of deep temperature in the region. The analysis focuses on waters below the 1815-m sill depth of the Anegada–Jungfern Passage. Relatively dense waters (compared to those in the deep Caribbean) from the North Atlantic spill over this sill to ventilate the deep Caribbean Sea. Deep warming at a rate of over 0.01 °C decade–1 below this sill depth appears to have commenced in the 1970s after a period of relatively constant deep Caribbean Sea temperatures extending at least as far back as the 1920s. Conductivity–temperature–depth station data from World Ocean Circulation Experiment Section A22 along 66°W taken in 1997 and again in 2003 provide an especially precise, albeit geographically limited, estimate of this warming over that 6-year period. They also suggest a small (0.001 PSS-78, about the size of expected measurement biases) deep freshening. The warming is about 10 times larger than the size of geothermal heating in the region, and is of the same magnitude as the average global upper-ocean heat uptake over a recent 50-year period. Together with the freshening, the warming contributes about 0.012 m decade–1 of sea level rise in portions of the Caribbean Sea with bottom depths around 5000 m.  相似文献   

15.
This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.  相似文献   

16.
通过对OISST资料1982—2017年中国近海海表面温度(SST)分析,发现2017年中国渤、黄、东海海表温度较常年偏高0～1.5℃,南海海表温度接近常年。2017年渤海海表温度是近36 a来最热的一年,达到14.4℃,黄海第二以及东海第三热的年份,整个中国近海海表温度的平均是历史第二高的年份。渤、黄、东海海表温度1—8月份达到或接近极端高温情况,之后海表温度降低并达到常年同期以下。对中国近海不同海区海表温度和陆地气温相关分析表明:不同海区受陆地气温影响区域不同,同时海表温度与陆地相关区域随着季节而变化。从2017年平流输运、净热通量、热含量和陆地大气温度影响等方面来看,造成渤、黄、东海海表温度偏高的主要原因是黑潮流速增强导致平流热输送增加,0～700 m热含量增加以及我国陆地区域气温的异常偏高,净热通量对其海表温度升高起抑制作用。  相似文献   

17.
海温是海洋环境影响因子之一,对于海洋生态环境、海水养殖业等尤为重要。本文以Argo数据提取的南海海洋温度场数据为例,结合GIS(GeographicInformationSystem)技术,研究南海海温点过程、面过程可视化表达的方法。利用GIS作为可视化框架提供南海海温场的可视化显示,包括放大、缩小和拖动等基本功能,绘制多种形式的数值图像并进行空间分析,包括海温数据曲线绘制、海温值查询、空间插值、等值线等。基于Argo数据可视化表达的结果,从南海海温年变化、随纬度的变化、垂向变化、季节分布特征四方面对南海的海温时空特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南海海表温度高温的持续时间比较长,升温过程比降温过程相对要短一些;(2)随着纬度的降低,温度整体升高,温度的年变化幅度越来越小。夏秋两季随着纬度的变化,温度变化不大,春冬两季的温度变化较大;(3)在0~30 m温度变化很小,在深度为30m处温度开始逐渐下降,到达500m以下,海温一年四季都比较接近;(4)冬季海温总体最低,夏季海温总体最高。冬季和秋季,在南海西南方向等值线呈现西北—东南向,等值线比较密集。海温的时空变化研究可以对海洋温跃层、海洋温度锋,海水不同层次的结构的研究提供一定参考。  相似文献   

18.
The spatio-temporal variabilities in sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed using a time series of MODIS datasets for four separate regions in the Yellow Sea (YS) that were located along a north-south axis. The space variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SST. The monthly SSTs showed similar temporal patterns in each region, which ranged from 2.4°C to 28.4°C in the study years 2011 to 2013, with seasonal cycles being stronger at the higher latitudes and weaker at the lower latitudes. Spatially, although there were no significant differences among the four regions (p < 0.05) in any year, the geographical distribution of SST was characterized by an obvious gradient whereby SST decreased along the north-south axis. The monthly thermal difference among regions was largest in winter since the SST in the southeast was mainly affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Currents. The EOF1 mode accounted for 56% of the total spatial variance and exhibited a warming signal during the study period. The EOF2 mode accounted for 8% of the total variance and indicated the warm current features in the YS. The EOF3 mode accounted for 6% of the total variance and indicated the topographical features. The methodology used in this study demonstrated the spatio-temporal variabilities in the YS.  相似文献   

19.
The Coupling of three model components, WRF/PCE （polar climate extension version of weather research and forecasting model （WRF））, ROMS （regional ocean modeling system）, and CICE （community ice code）, has been implemented, and the regional atmosphere-ocean-sea ice coupled model named WRF/PCE- ROMS-CICE has been validated against ERA-interim reanalysis data sets for 1989. To better understand the reasons that generate model biases, the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE results were compared with those of its components, the WRF/PCE and the ROMS-CICE. There are cold biases in surface air temperature （SAT） over the Arctic Ocean, which contribute to the sea ice concentration （SIC） and sea surface temperature （SST） biases in the results of the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE. The cold SAT biases also appear in results of the atmo- spheric component with a mild temperature in winter and similar temperature in summer. Compared to results from the WRF/PCE, due to influences of different distributions of the SIC and the SST and inclusion of interactions of air-sea-sea ice in the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE, the simulated SAT has new features. These influences also lead to apparent differences at higher levels of the atmosphere, which can be thought as responses to biases in the SST and sea ice extent. There are similar atmospheric responses in feature of distribution to sea ice biases at 700 and 500 hPa, and the strength of responses weakens when the pressure decreases in January. The atmospheric responses in July reach up to 200 hPa. There are surplus sea ice ex- tents in the Greenland Sea, the Barents Sea, the Davis Strait and the Chukchi Sea in winter and in the Beau- fort Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the East Siberian Sea and the Laptev Sea in summer in the ROMS-CICE. These differences in the SIC distribution can all be explained by those in the SST distributions. These features in the simulated SST and SIC from ROMS-CICE also appear in the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE. It is shown that the performance of the WRF/PCE-ROMS-CICE is determined to a l  相似文献   

20.
Time series of profiles of potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and planetary potential vorticity at intermediate depths in the Labrador Sea, the Irminger Sea, and the Iceland Basin have been constructed by combining the hydrographic sections crossing the sub-arctic gyre of the North Atlantic Ocean from the coast of Labrador to Europe, occupied nearly annually since 1990, and historic hydrographic data from the preceding years since 1950. The temperature data of the last 60 years mainly reflect a multi-decadal variability, with a characteristic time scale of about 50 years. With the use of a highly simplified heat budget model it was shown that this long-term temperature variability in the Labrador Sea mainly reflects the long-term variation of the net heat flux to the atmosphere. However, the analysis of the data on dissolved oxygen and planetary potential vorticity show that convective ventilation events, during which successive classes of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) are formed, occurring on decadal or shorter time scales. These convective ventilation events have performed the role of vertical mixing in the heat budget model, homogenising the properties of the intermediate layers (e.g. temperature) for significant periods of time. Both the long-term and the near-decadal temperature signals at a pressure of 1500 dbar are connected with successive deep LSW classes, emphasising the leading role of Labrador Sea convection in running the variability of the intermediate depth layers of the North Atlantic. These signals are advected to the neighbouring Irminger Sea and Iceland Basin. Advection time scales, estimated from the 60 year time series, are slightly shorter or of the same order as most earlier estimates, which were mainly based on the feature tracking of the spreading of the LSW94 class formed in the period 1989-1994 in the Labrador Sea.  相似文献   

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