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1.
Status of two <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coreius</Emphasis> species in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China
Dam construction alters natural flow regimes which, in turn, cause significant changes in fish communities during and after impoundment. The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir, from impoundment of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River, China, may have affected native fish species. Thus, the status of two lotic freshwater fish species, Coreius heterodon and C. guichenoti, were monitored in the Three Gorges Reservoir, including fish abundance, individual composition, growth, condition, and mortality. Data on both species were gathered from upstream, midstream and downstream areas of the reservoir and, where available, from studies published before and after dam construction. Lower abundance, slower growth, a less diversified age structure, poorer fish condition (indicated by hepatosomatic index) and higher mortalities were recorded in sites nearest the dam compared with upstream areas. Furthermore, after final impoundment, individual Coreius species inhabiting the area changed, with young individuals becoming more abundant, while upstream of the reservoir the two Coreius species became smaller at a given age. The results show that the status of the two Coreius species was subject to dramatic changes after impoundment. 相似文献
2.
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is the flagship species of the Changjiang River. The migration route of this species is blocked by the first dam, the Gezhou Dam, and its reproduction is affected by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), one of the largest dams in the world. We studied the impact of the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) since 2003 on the spawning stock and the natural reproduction of the Chinese sturgeon by using our monitoring data from 1997 to 2013. Results indicate that TGR impoundment has delayed the first spawning dates of the fish from middle-late October to late November, decreased the amount of spawning activities from twice to only once each year, and significantly reduced egg production. In particular, the fish did not demonstrate any spawning activities in 2013. Therefore, TGR impoundment significantly affects the natural reproduction of the fish downstream of the TGD. The spawning stock size of the fish is also predicted to further decrease in the future, which will lead to a risk of population extinction. Ecological regulations must be imposed on decreasing the water temperature to 20°C before mid-October and increasing water discharge downstream of the TGD in October to induce spawning of the Chinese sturgeon. 相似文献
3.
正在进行的长江三峡水利枢纽工程将建成世界上最大的人工水库 ,已有的研究表明 ,高坝水库有可能诱发中强地震。合成孔径雷达干涉测量 (InSAR)已成为测量地球表面变化极具潜力的技术。对欧洲遥感卫星ERS - 1与ERS - 2的SAR数据的初步分析表明 :只要时间跨度不太长 ,在有植被覆盖、地形起伏较大的山区亦能获得较为理想的干涉图像。结合三峡地壳形变监测网络 ,利用InSAR技术完全有希望识别三峡工程蓄水过程的地表变形 相似文献
4.
Reservoir impoundment changes original fluvial habitats into lentic environments. Fish species adapted to lentic habitats may take the advantage of such habitat changes and show typical life history traits might facilitate the population increase. Siniperca kneri rarely occurred in fishery landing in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) area before its impoundment in 2003, but it is now a dominant species. In this study, a total of 438 females of S. kneri were collected monthly during September 2012 through January2014 using gill nets in the TGR. The age, growth, and reproductive biology were then investigated, and compared with other S. kneri populations. The standard length at age 1 was 149.9 mm in the TGR, which is larger than the three compared populations(i.e., Sandaohe Reservoir, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and North River), but smaller than one(the Guishi Reservoir). The youngest mature female in the TGR was age 1,which is younger than that of the two compared populations(i.e., Xinfengjiang Reservoir and the North River). The relative fecundity in the TGR was 140 eggs/g, which is higher than that of the only available compared population(Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 96 eggs/g). Our results demonstrated that S. kneri in the TGR tended to have faster growth in the first year, a younger age at first maturation, and higher reproductive ef fort.We suggest that such opportunistic-tended life history traits might facilitate rapid increase of the population. 相似文献
5.
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6.
三峡二期工程蓄水后的垂直形变场 总被引：16，自引：12，他引：4
根据三峡地区的数字高程模型(DEM)，模拟三峡二期工程蓄水位达到135m后的水体负载，利用Farrell提出的质量负荷产生的地球形变理论，推算三峡水库水位达到135m后整个库区的垂直形变，与三峡库区GPS形变监测网获得的蓄水前后的垂直形变图像进行对比分析，结果显示：在三斗坪-巴东库段，两者中都出现了3个相同的、明显的垂直形变集中区。在三峡大坝附近，模拟结果比观测结果大8～15mm，说明坝址附近的花岗岩具有较强的刚性；而在香溪，模拟结果比观测结果要小23mm，且GPS观测到长江两岸的垂直变化差异达到22mm，说明该段地质构造的特殊性和复杂性。综合分析表明，三峡大坝坝址所在地的地质构造和地壳是稳定的。 相似文献
7.
Reservoirs are important artificial ecosystems that modify the hydrological and ecological characteristics of a river.Knowledge of the basic characteristics of fish assemblages in reservoirs is a first step toward the development of effective conservation policies.We used the information collected over a10-year period(2006-2015)to assess the structure of the fish assemblages in the Three Gorge Reservoir(TGR)in a river-dam gradient.Three fish zones were detected in TGR.Species richness was the highest in the upper zone and lowest in the lower zone.The riverine zones were dominated by rheophilic species Coreius guichenoti and Pelteobagrus vachelli.The transitional zones were dominated by Coreius heterodon and Rhinogobio cylindricus.The lacustrine zones were dominated by eurytopic species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Aristichthys nobilis,Hemiculter bleekeri and Cyprinus carpio.For the functional characteristics,fish assemblages in riverine and transitional zones were dominated by insectivorous species,equilibrium strategists and rheophilic species(e.g.,Coreius heterodon and Coreius guichenoti).In lacustrine zones,the fish assemblage was dominated by habitat generalists common to lakes and reservoirs(e.g.,Hemiculter bleekeri,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Aristichthys nobilis).Moreover,18 exotic species(e.g.,Protosalanx hyalocranius,Ictalurus punctatus,Megalobrama amblycephala,Tilapia)were collected in TGR,most of which only existed in the lacustrine zone.The results highlight the importance of freely flowing riverine reaches for conserving native fish in the upper Changjiang River and adaptive management strategies for fisheries in TGR. 相似文献
8.
Impact of the Three Gorges Dam on reproduction of four major Chinese carps species in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) are the four major Chinese carps and are commercially important aquaculture species in China. Reproduction of these carp has declined since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) due to an altered water flow and thermal regime in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. However, details of the changes in reproduction of the four species are not well understood. To assess the impact of the TGD on reproduction of the four carp, we investigated their eggs and larvae at Yidu City, which is 80 km below the TGD, during 2005–2012. We examined diff erences in larval abundance of the four species in the Jianli section (350 km downstream of the TGD) before (1997–2002) and after (2003–2012) construction of the TGD. Based on these observations, the first spawning date of the four species was delayed a mean of about 25 days after the dam was constructed. Mean egg abundance in the Yidu section of the river was 249 million and mean larval abundance was 464 million, which were significant decreases since the 1980s. Moreover, larval abundance in the Jianli section after the dam was constructed was significantly lower than that before construction (ANCOVA, P<0.05). The observed larval abundance accounted for only 24.66% of the predicted value in 2003 when the dam was first inundated. The present spawning grounds between the TGD and Yidu section of the river are very similar to those described in the 1980s, and some spawning grounds exist upstream of the TGD. Large free-flowing stretches upstream of the TGD and the creation of artificially flooded downstream reaches are needed to stimulate spawning and eff ectively conserve these four major Chinese carps species. 相似文献
9.
震源机制解表明：长江三峡水库巴东库段地震的发震应力是由库水荷载作用造成的。进一步分析认为，地震可能是库岸区浅地表岩层在库水荷载为主的水岩耦合作用下沿易滑结构面滑动的结果。 相似文献
10.
Regional land use changes are an important part of global changes. The research on land use changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Area of China attracts a lot of attention owing to the Three Gorges Dam building. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area becomes
one of the important research areas. This study analyzed the transforming processes and traits of each land use type and the
regional differences of land use changes during the past 30 years, summarized the distribution of different land use types
in different buffer zones and regresses the equation areas and different buffer distances based on buffer analyses and regression
analyses, and then analyzed the transforming rules in different buffer distances, got the optimal influence distances. The
research results indicate that, (1) cultivated land lies at the northwest of the reservoir and was decreasing, however, the
construction land was increasing, especially the urban construction land, a large number of land was flooded because of the
reservoir water level rise; (2) urban area was sprawling quickly in developed and neighboring areas, and a great deal of cultivated
land and a considerable amount of grassland were occupied; in the earlier time, rural settlements occupied lots of cultivated
land and a sum of forestry land in the later time; (3) the optimum influenced distances for cultivated land and forestry land
were 10–35 km, and for urban and rural settlements were in 5–20 km. Overall, this research can reflect the spatial-temporal
characteristics of land use changes during the 30 years, and it is helpful for urban planning and land use planning in the
reservoir area. 相似文献
11.
?????????????????????????????????????λ?????仯:?????135 m?λ??????????????????????????4???λ????????172 m?λ???????????4??????????????????Χ??????????????????????????????λ????仯????????????????????135 m?λ?????????4??ML?? 2.5???????????????????????????????λ;172 m?λ?????????????14??ML?? 2.5??????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????л??????????????????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
12.
Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in response to the variation of environmental factors in the Gaolan River, Three Gorges Reservoir, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To understand the responses of a freshwater ecosystem to the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), phytoplankton was monitored in the tributaries of the TGR area. From August 2010 to July 2011, algal species composition, abundance, chlorophyll a and other environmental parameters were investigated in the Gaolan River, which is a tributary of Xiangxi River. Thirty-one algal genera from seven phyla were identified. Results show that the lowest concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were 0.06 mg/L and 1.08 mg/L, respectively. The values of TP and TN exceeded the threshold concentration of the eutrophic state suggested for freshwater bodies. In the Gaolan River, the succession of phytoplankton showed clear seasonal characteristics. Different dominant species were observed among seasons under the control of environment factors. In spring and summer, the dominant species were Nitzschia sp. and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs, the limiting nutrient was NO 3 ? -N, and the key environmental factor for phytoplankton population succession was water temperature (WT). In autumn and winter, the dominant species were A. flos-aquae and Chlorella sp., the limiting nutrient was PO 4 3? -P, and the key environmental factors were transparency and WT. This study illustrates the influence of physical and chemical factors on phytoplankton seasonal succession in a tributary of TGR since the downstream regions of Xiangxi River and Gaolan River became reservoirs after impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam. We suggest that this activity has significantly affected water quality in the dam area. 相似文献
13.
三峡水库蓄水前后,沿高桥断裂带发生了一系列地震活动。为了解断层泥特征与断裂活动的关系,在野外地质调查基础上,对高桥断裂带内的断层泥进行X光衍射和粒度分布测试。结果显示,高桥断裂带断层泥的粘土矿物含量一般低于35%,并且主要矿物为不具膨胀性的绿泥石和伊利石|断层泥分维值在2.20～2.67之间变化,表明高桥断裂带的运动方式以粘滑为主。断层力学性质和断层泥分维计算均表明其具有分段性,结合断裂附近的地震活动认为,北东段较南西段稳定,但不排除高桥断裂带未来有发生中强地震的可能性。 相似文献
14.
???????P??????????????????????????????о????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????γ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????￡???????????????????????Ρ???????????????????????????????????????????μ???ж????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
15.
利用三峡数字遥测地震台网产出的地震观测资料,基于互相关-重排实验技术系统分析三峡工程在蓄水进程中地震活动与库水位的相关性及不确定度,探讨三峡水库地震的成因机制。结果表明：1）蓄水进程中库首区地壳经历了“持续加载-渗透饱水-回弹与再平衡”的复杂过程,库区地震活动的时空分布特征与库水位的时序变化关系密切;2）从开始蓄水到175 m实验性蓄水阶段,巨量的直接库水荷载导致沿江近库岸10 km范围内的矿洞、溶洞、浅表性岩层、断层等失稳而诱发地震,震源深度5 km范围内的浅震活动明显与库水位快速上升产生的弹性加载有关,对库水位上涨呈“瞬时”响应;3）随着175 m实验性蓄水阶段稳定运行,渗透作用逐渐成为库区地震活动的主要影响因素,断层软化等作用可能是接连触发2014-03秭归M4.5、M4.9等构造型水库地震的原因,震源深度大于5 km的深震活动开始呈现对库水位的“滞后”响应特征。长江香溪库段作为仙女山、九畹溪断裂与长江交会的三角形构造部位,其周缘或存在发生中等强度地震的危险性。 相似文献
16.
三峡水库蓄水初期9次微震震源机制解特征 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
给出了三峡水库蓄水半年内库区9次微震震源机制解的结果，并对其特征进行了分析，得出：发震断裂滑动类型从蓄水前的斜滑型改变为蓄水后的倾滑型，地震构造主压应力P轴从蓄水前的以水平力和近水平力为主改变为蓄水后的以垂直力为主．构造主应力方位则不太集中。 相似文献
17.
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18.
��Ͽˮ��Ͷ������ĵ������� 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
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19.
分析三峡水库与葛洲坝水库蓄水、泄洪、冲沙的非固体潮时、空、强、频特征，研究其对宜昌台地形变观测的影响。 相似文献
20.
长江三峡水库诱发地震的成因类型 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
分析了三峡水库诱发地震的空间分布特征及库水位变化与地震频度、强度的相关性；讨论了微震群的成因类型。其成因类型主要为岩溶陷落型、塌矿型、裂隙(层面)错动型和水诱发作用下的构造型。 相似文献