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V. Piscopo M. Barbieri V. Monetti G. Pagano S. Pistoni E. Ruggi D. Stanzione 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1508-1521
A conceptual hydrogeological model of the Viterbo thermal area (central Italy) has been developed. Though numerous studies have been conducted on its geological, geochemical and geothermal features, there is no generalized picture defining the origin and yield of the hydrothermal system. These latter aspects have therefore become the objectives of this research, which is based on new hydrogeological and geochemical investigations. The geological setting results in the coexistence of overlapped interacting aquifers. The shallow volcanic aquifer, characterized by fresh waters, is fed from the area around the Cimini Mountains and is limited at its base by the semiconfining marly-calcareous-arenaceous complex and low-permeability clays. To the west of Viterbo, vertical upflows of thermal waters of the sulphate-chloride-alkaline-earth type with higher gas contents, are due to the locally uplifted carbonate reservoir, the reduced thickness of the semiconfining layer and the high local geothermal gradient. The hot waters (30–60°C) are the result of deep circulation within the carbonate rocks (0.5–1.8 km) and have the same recharge area as the volcanic aquifer. The upward flow in the Viterbo thermal area is at least 0.1 m3/s. This flow feeds springs and deep wells, also recharging the volcanic aquifer from below. 相似文献
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为了掌握中生代构造运动以来鲁中山区岩溶地下水富集规律,以莱芜盆地为例,通过水文地质调查及数据统计分析、钻探施工、地质露头观测、碳酸盐岩可溶组分分析等方法,对中生代构造活动特征、岩浆活动特征,及其对岩溶地下水赋存规律的控制作用进行研究。结果表明：鲁中山区具有典型盆-山结构水文地质特征,盆地南北两侧水文地质特征不尽相同;区域滑脱构造形成的层间虚脱、空隙、碎裂岩带,使得鲁中山区下寒武统朱砂洞组含水层表现为"似层状"特征;热液混合岩溶作用形成的溶蚀裂隙、洞穴可成为岩溶地下水良好的赋存空间;由中生代滑脱构造及热液岩溶活动形成的岩溶介质环境受同期或后期层间溶蚀裂隙及断层沟通,形成立体的岩溶地下水网络。岩溶地下水沿该网络径流、富集,形成鲁中山区特有的岩溶地下水赋存特征。 相似文献
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山东莱芜盆地碳酸盐岩热液溶蚀特征及水文地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鲁中山区莱芜盆地在燕山期发生大规模岩浆侵入活动,岩浆岩体外围碳酸盐岩区分布有水源地、富水块段等岩溶发育富水区,且靠近岩体含水层多发生大理岩化。富含CO2、H2S等酸性成分的岩浆热液流体,能对碳酸盐岩产生明显的溶蚀作用。基于岩石样品化学组分分析、水文地质调查及数据统计分析、热液溶蚀地质点详细观测,构建热液溶蚀模式,对莱芜盆地及外围热液溶蚀特征及机理进行研究。结果表明:高温高压岩浆侵入使得接触带碳酸盐岩发生热液变质大理岩化;沿渗透性断裂、裂缝以及不整合面等运移的热液流体,对碳酸盐岩地层产生酸性热液溶蚀和混合溶蚀作用,形成不同规模溶蚀孔洞,构成地下水富集空间,为寻找城镇地下水后备水源地提供新方向。 相似文献
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G. Günay 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(2):229-240
The Sakarya River is one of the largest rivers in Turkey and is fed mainly from Sakaryabaşı springs. The Sakaryabaşı springs are located in the Central Anatolia and issue from confined/semi-confined karst having a thermal component and therefore, having quite different hydrogeological characteristics as compared to the Taurus Karst region, a typical example of the Mediterranean type of karst. The karstic carbonate rocks that form the groundwater reservoir are overlain by a thick semi-pervious overburden of mainly clastics of Neogene age. Tectonics is the major factor controlling the occurrence of the karst springs in the area where topography is rather flat. This study aimed at explaining the occurrence and movement of the karst groundwater within the system by use of hydrogeological, chemical, and isotopic tools. Isotopic composition of the waters revealed that all waters in the region are of meteoric origin and the thermal component is due to deep circulation. The catchment area of the hydrogeological system extends to the south and groundwater movement is towards the outlets, which are in a depression along a major fault. The movement of the groundwater, based on analysis of remotely sensed images, is controlled mainly by structural elements. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层类型及特征 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
塔里木盆地下古生界岩溶型储层可划分为同生岩溶、风化壳岩溶和埋藏岩溶等三种类型。同生岩溶型储层主要为礁滩体受三级或四级相对海平面下降导致的短暂暴露和淡水淋溶的产物。风化壳岩溶型储层包括层间岩溶和潜山岩溶两个亚类:层间岩溶为碳酸盐岩中—短期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏平缓,与上覆碳酸盐岩呈平行不整合接触;潜山岩溶为碳酸盐岩长期抬升剥蚀和淡水淋溶的产物,地形起伏强烈,与上覆石炭系、侏罗系—白垩系碎屑岩呈角度不整合接触,包括石灰岩潜山和白云岩潜山。埋藏岩溶型储层又可分为原源埋藏岩溶和异源埋藏岩溶两个亚类,前者为有机酸、盆地热卤水、TSR成因的硫化氢等成岩流体作用的产物,后者为深源热液作用的产物。认为塔里木盆地岩溶型储层是多期次岩溶作用叠加改造的结果。 相似文献
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KARSYS: a pragmatic approach to karst hydrogeological system conceptualisation. Assessment of groundwater reserves and resources in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P.-Y. Jeannin U. Eichenberger M. Sinreich J. Vouillamoz A. Malard E. Weber 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):999-1013
An approach is presented for the hydrogeological conceptualisation of karst systems. The KARSYS approach helps hydrogeologists working in karst regions to address in a pragmatic and efficient way the three following questions. (1) Where does the water of a karst spring come from? (2) Through which underground routes does it flow? (3) What are the groundwater reserves and where are they? It is based on a three dimensional model of the carbonate aquifer geometry (3D geological model) coupled to a series of simple fundamental principles of karst hydraulics. This provides, within a limited effort, a consistent hydrogeological conceptual model of karst flow systems within any investigation area. The level of detail can be adjusted according to the targeted degree of confidence. Two examples of its application are presented; the approach was first applied with a low level of detail on a national scale in order to assess the groundwater reserves in karst aquifers in Switzerland, suggesting a groundwater volume of 120 km3. On a regional scale, it was applied with a higher level of detail to some selected karst systems in order to assess their hydropower potential. The KARSYS approach may provide very useful information for water management improvement in karst regions (vulnerability assessment, impact assessment, water supply, flood hazards, landslides, etc.). It leads, in a very cost-effective manner, to a new and highly didactic representation of karst systems as well as to new concepts concerning the delineation of catchment areas in karst regions. 相似文献
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南方岩溶含水系统结构识别方法初探 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
岩溶含水系统因其含水介质的高度不均匀性和各向异性而难以刻画。文章选取鄂西岩溶槽谷区典型的岩溶含水系统为研究对象,基于野外地面调查、裂隙测量、洞穴探测、多源高精度地下水示踪试验、地下水动态监测等传统手段,结合新技术、新方法来综合查明岩溶含水系统的结构,探讨岩溶含水系统的边界结构、岩溶发育主控方向、介质空间结构的识别方法,最终刻画出岩溶含水系统结构的概念模型。文章的研究成果旨在为岩溶山区1∶5万水文地质调查工作思路与方法应用提供参考,为提高全国新一轮1∶5万水文地质调查成果的精度与质量做贡献。 相似文献
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Karst groundwater resources in the countries of eastern Mediterranean: the example of Lebanon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The hydrogeological study of some karst systems in Lebanon shows important storage capacity, up to 27 billions m3 for Zarka system, the spring of Orontes River. Their geological and morphological settings, as well as their hydrodynamic
function, show structures developed below the level of present springs, probably up to several hundreds meters at depth. Since
Miocene, those carbonate formations were subject to a remarkable instability of their base levels. Variations of sea level,
of which the Messinian salinity crisis is the major phase, and effects of the alpine orogenesis, combined with climate variations
to develop complex, multiphased karst systems. Karstification occurs frequently in the whole formation, often deeply below
sea level or underneath sediment filling of continental basins. The surface karst landscape is often intensely eroded. Those
multiple, superimposed karst phases give the carbonate aquifers their large extension and storage capacity. These karst aquifers
show the typical easy restoration of storage. They have the ability to bear large interannual recharge variations and support
exploitation under high pumping rates. However, these aquifers have some disadvantages for sustainable management. In some
regions, successful boreholes, which allow high pumping rates also induce uncontrolled exploitation. Another consequence is
natural seawater intrusion, as well as the submarine discharge of fresh groundwater, in coastal aquifers. Those carbonate
aquifers are subject to important economical stress which jeopardizes their durability. The systematic study and understanding
of carbonate aquifers in Eastern Mediterranean is a preliminary condition to any integrated and sustainable management of
water resources. Studies in progress in Lebanon may serve as examples to the whole region. 相似文献
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This study examines the groundwater characteristics in the Silver Bell Mountains, Arizona, USA, using a numerical model. Groundwater modeling is developed to describe the flow pattern in the study area and subsequently explores the possible interaction with regional porphyry copper deposits. A conceptual model is developed for the study area and regional hydrogeological conditions are simulated using the finite-difference groundwater flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The model results show that groundwater flow in the Silver Bell Mountains is strongly influenced by topography and its velocity varies with depth. In addition, the numerical model supports the idea of a continuous sustained interaction between groundwater flow and porphyry copper deposits in the Silver Bell Mountains. This interaction may result in continuing leaching of trace elements from the ore deposit, an important implication for continuing supergene alteration and enrichment of the porphyry copper deposit. 相似文献
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岷山地区冰缘岩溶是处于岷山雪线下部冰缘环境的碳酸盐岩之溶蚀与冻融相互渗合、叠加的岩溶地质类型,具有碳酸盐岩溶场和冰缘岩屑与冰期、间冰期堆积物岩溶场的二元结构。岷山地区大多数碳酸盐岩处于较低的海拔区,在第四纪气温振荡回暖的影响下冰缘岩溶已经衰退,仅残留着早期冰缘岩溶形成的地貌和钙华体,现在的黄龙沟冰缘岩溶因其碳酸盐岩海拔高,仍处在第四纪末期冰川退缩后的冰缘环境,冰缘岩溶地貌和钙华体还在发育,不过现今全球性气温升高和人类的活动对冰缘岩溶都将产生负面影响,以钙华体为核心景观的黄龙、九寨沟风景区的管理部门应予加强监测和保护。 相似文献
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大瑶山隧道岩溶涌水系统分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文以系统论和控制论为指导分析了大瑶山燧道岩溶涌水系统。通过利用地质结构特征、水化学场和同位素场的综合信息分析,详细阐述了岩溶涌水的补给来源和范围以及水动力的补排关系。建立了较逼真的岩溶涌水水文地质模型和数学模型,并对涌水过程进行了数值模拟分析。最后分析了涌水所造成的地面塌陷机理并给出其整治方案。 相似文献
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重庆地区岩溶地下河发育与分布的基本特征 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
岩溶地下河是我国西南岩溶地区地下水资源赋存的主要形式,是重要的水源地。本文以重庆市域范围内1∶20万水文地质普查报告为基础,结合大量的野外调查工作,从岩性、构造、地貌等角度总结了重庆岩溶区地下河发育、分布的基本特征。结果表明在质纯层厚的石灰岩中地下河最为发育,而在其它碳酸盐岩层组中,由于碳酸钙含量下降,岩溶率下降,地下河弱发育或不发育。在重庆地区,受到区域构造条件的影响,岩溶地下河管道多沿构造线展布。区域褶皱（向斜、背斜、褶皱转折部位）、构造复合部位、断裂等地质构造特征均影响了岩溶地下河的发育和分布。重庆地区的层状夷平面地貌,控制了岩溶地下河的补给和排泄,地下河多在低一级夷平面形成的河谷、沟谷中出露。根据重庆地区岩溶水的水动力特征和循环条件,将地下河分为汇流型、分流型和平行流型3种类型。 相似文献
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Platform carbonates of the Upper Triassic Dachstein Limestone in Naszály Hill have been karstified extensively over the past 200 million years. They provide an excellent example of polyphase karstic diagenesis that is probably typical of many subaerially exposed carbonate sequences. Seven karstic phases are recognized in the area, each of which include polyphase karstic events. The first karst phase was associated with the Löfer cycles. Meteoric waters caused dissolution; enlarged fractures and cavities, were filled by marine and/or vadose silts and cement. The second karst phase was caused by local tectonic movements. Bedding-plane-controlled phreatic caves were formed, and filled by silts. The third karst phase lasted from the end of the Triassic to the Eocene. This was a regional, multiphase karstic event related to younger composite unconformities. Bauxitic fill is the most characteristic product of this phase. The karst terrain reached its mature or senile stage with very little porosity. Narrow veins and floating rafts of white calcite marks karst phase 4, which resulted from hydrothermal activity associated with Palaeogene magmatism. The early Rupelian phase of Alpine uplift caused large-scale rejuvenation of the former karst terrain (karst phase 5). Subsequently Naszály Hill was buried as an area of juvenile karst with significant porosity. A second period of hydrothermal activity in the area (karst phase 6) was induced by Miocene volcanism, which resulted in wide, pale green calcite veins. Finally karst phase 7 was of tectonic origin. Following the most recent, Miocene uplift of the Naszály Hill, the carbonates have again become the site of vadose karst development. 相似文献
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中国海相碳酸盐岩勘探领域拓展历程及沉积学的基本驱动作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
回顾中国碳酸盐岩油气勘探领域的拓展历程,共经历了三个阶段:第一阶段,上世纪中后期以靖边气田等为代表的找构造高部位的岩溶型油气藏阶段;第二阶段,2000年以来以普光气田等为代表的台地边缘礁滩油气藏拓展阶段;第三阶段,2010年以来克拉通内幕白云岩油气藏新拓展阶段。沉积学的三种基本的水动力储层宏观成因模式是三大碳酸盐岩勘探领域拓展的基本驱动因素:早期勘探阶段的构造高部位岩溶储层宏观分布受控于隆起暴露期的大气水岩溶作用,台缘礁滩储层的宏观分布受控于镶边台地边缘持续的波浪作用,内幕白云岩储层的宏观分布则受控于潮汐作用。大气水岩溶模式的古水文地质系统除了作用于不整合面附近的隆起区,构造低部位和被断裂沟通的远离不整合面地区也能够发育岩溶储层,值得注意的是短暂暴露的准同生岩溶是未来重要勘探方向。浪控台缘礁滩模式具有“盆包台”、“台包盆”、“盆切台”等多种台缘结构模式,它们的储层宏观分布都处于波浪作用的高能礁滩带上,都基本符合威尔逊碳酸盐岩台地模式,只是不同地区的台地边缘具有不同的复杂形状而已,识别深部隐伏裂陷及其周缘礁滩相带是该领域勘探的难点。潮控陆表海台地潮坪模式指导了碳酸盐岩勘探向克拉通内幕白云岩的拓展,该类白云岩储层呈大面积薄互层席状产出,其宏观分布具有进积潮坪楔和潮坪岛拼嵌两种样式,是一个重要的勘探新领域。 相似文献
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地下水流数值模拟是高放废物处置库选址中水文地质评价的重要内容.水文地质概念模型是地下水流数值模拟的基础和前提.在北山预选区水文地质分析基础上,利用DEM数据生成了研究区地表水系,据此确定了模拟范围;借助GMS软件,建立了研究区三维水文地质结构模型;再通过边界条件、流场特征、地下水均衡项和水文地质参数的分析和描述,建立了北山地区水文地质概念模型. 相似文献
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在我国西南岩溶峰林地区,碳酸盐岩岩溶的强烈发育使含水层空间结构具有高度非均质性,加之表层岩溶带对降雨入渗的影响,导致传统的含水层高度概化的水文模型难以定量刻画地表水对地下水的补给过程。文章在开源的SWAT（土壤和水评估工具）模型基础上,通过改进土壤水及地下水模块,刻画水分经表层岩溶带以慢速流和快速流的方式进入含水层的过程,分别以活塞式推进方式及以捷径式入流方式进入浅层含水层,构建了适应于岩溶地区的分布式水文模型。以桂林市漓江流域为例,在碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩交叉分布的流域建立水文模型,并对构建的模型进行率定与验证,结果表明:与原模型径流模拟相比,本文构建的模型较好体现了表层岩溶带的调蓄作用,改善了各水文站枯水期模拟较差的情况（其中潮田站纳什系数由0.78提高到0.92,决定系数由0.85提高到0.92,比改进前有明显提高）;改进后的模型能适用于碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩分布不均的岩溶流域水分循环模拟。 相似文献