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Gisser and Sánchez (Water Resour Res 16(4):638–642, 1980) compared two different strategies to manage aquifers: “free market” and policy regulation. They stated that the outcome of both is practically the same, and that policy regulation could not improve social welfare. This study challenges this argument by analyzing the management strategies in two large aquifers located in southern Spain, the Eastern La Mancha and the Western La Mancha aquifers. The appeal of this case stems from the fact that management of the Eastern La Mancha aquifer is almost sustainable. In stark contrast, its neighboring Western La Mancha aquifer is being grossly mismanaged. The results engage two major questions from previous groundwater literature. The first question is whether or not aquifer management requires policy intervention. The answer depends upon the consideration and magnitude of environmental damages in the model. The second question addresses the nature of groundwater policies. The contrast in management outcomes between the Western and the Eastern La Mancha aquifers is related to the different types of policy instruments implemented for each aquifer. The results of these policies underline the importance of nurturing the stakeholders’ collective action under the appropriate institutional setting. 相似文献
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Alvar Closas 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(5):1179-1192
The ‘silent revolution’ is a phenomenon describing the individualistic behaviour of farmers in the adoption of intensive groundwater abstraction technologies, which in some cases has led to groundwater over-abstraction and environmental degradation in semiarid areas such as La Mancha, Spain. However, a lacuna exists as to the extent to which state politics have affected the development of groundwater abstraction technologies in Spain. With new quantitative and qualitative data from the irrigation community of Manzanares and public irrigation and colonisation plans, this report studies the adoption of groundwater abstraction technology and investigates the historical role of the state in the development of modern groundwater-fed irrigation socio-ecologies in the semiarid area of La Mancha in Spain. 相似文献
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In this study a typical coastal karst aquifer, developed in lower Cretaceous limestones, on the western Mediterranean seashore (La Clape massif, southern France) was investigated. A combination of geochemical and isotopic approaches was used to investigate the origin of salinity in the aquifer. Water samples were collected between 2009 and 2011. Three groundwater groups (A, B and C) were identified based on the hydrogeological setting and on the Cl− concentrations. Average and maximum Cl− concentrations in the recharge waters were calculated (ClRef. and ClRef.Max) to be 0.51 and 2.85 mmol/L, respectively). Group A includes spring waters with Cl− concentrations that are within the same order of magnitude as the ClRef concentration. Group B includes groundwater with Cl− concentrations that range between the ClRef and ClRef.Max concentrations. Group C includes brackish groundwater with Cl− concentrations that are significantly greater than the ClRef.Max concentration. Overall, the chemistry of the La Clape groundwater evolves from dominantly Ca–HCO3 to NaCl type. On binary diagrams of the major ions vs. Cl, most of the La Clape waters plot along mixing lines. The mixing end-members include spring waters and a saline component (current seawater or fossil saline water). Based on the Br/Clmolar ratio, the hypothesis of halite dissolution from Triassic evaporites is rejected to explain the origin of salinity in the brackish groundwater.Groundwaters display 87Sr/86Sr ratios intermediate between those of the limestone aquifer matrix and current Mediterranean seawater. On a Sr mixing diagram, most of the La Clape waters plot on a mixing line. The end-members include the La Clape spring waters and saline waters, which are similar to the deep geothermal waters that were identified at the nearby Balaruc site. The 36Cl/Cl ratios of a few groundwater samples from group C are in agreement with the mixing hypothesis of local recharge water with deep saline water at secular equilibrium within a carbonate matrix. Finally, PHREEQC modelling was run based on calcite dissolution in an open system prior to mixing with the Balaruc type saline waters. Modelled data are consistent with the observed data that were obtained from the group C groundwater. Based on several tracers (i.e. concentrations and isotopic compositions of Cl and Sr), calculated ratios of deep saline water in the mixture are coherent and range from 3% to 16% and 0% to 3% for groundwater of groups C and B, respectively.With regard to the La Clape karst aquifer, the extension of a lithospheric fault in the study area may favour the rise of deep saline water. Such rises occur at the nearby geothermal Balaruc site along another lithospheric fault. At the regional scale, several coastal karst aquifers are located along the Gulf of Lion and occur in Mezosoic limestones of similar ages. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of these aquifers tend toward values of 0.708557, which suggests a general mixing process of shallow karst waters with deep saline fossil waters. The occurrence of these fossil saline waters may be related to the introduction of seawater during and after the Flandrian transgression, when the highly karstified massifs invaded by seawater, formed islands and peninsulas along the Mediterranean coast. 相似文献
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鲁北平原深层地下水开发与环境问题 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：20
刘桂仪 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(3):43-45
鲁北平原在深层地下水开发利用过程中，由于开采地段过于集中在城镇，加上不合理开采等因素，出现了区域性深层地下水超采漏斗不断扩大、部分地段地下水资源枯竭和水质咸化问题严重、重点城镇地面沉降加剧及饮用高氯高碘地下水引发的地方病呈上升趋势等诸多水环境问题。笔者分析了这些问题的分布规律及演化趋势，从地学角度，提出了对策建议。 相似文献
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为了提高区域地下水资源评价的可靠性、扩展干旱半干旱地区面向生态的区域地下水资源评价方法,对准噶尔盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地地下水与生态环境关系进行调查研究,认为地下水具有重要的生态价值。目前在干旱半干旱地区区域地下水资源评价中对地下水的生态价值考虑不够,是造成地下水资源评价可靠性不高的原因之一。因此,提出了干旱半干旱地区地下水生态价值的概念,围绕可持续利用的地下水资源量与生态环境良性循环的目标,构建了面向生态的区域地下水资源评价方法体系。方法体系的基本思路是突出系统的观点和地表水与地下水统一评价、水质水量并重、地下水资源与其相关生态环境统一评价的3个原则;通过建立水文地质概念模型、集中参数型模型、分布参数型模型和基于地下水变化的生态环境综合评价4个模型,加上引进水量、水位与水质3个约束条件,以及开发基于GIS的地下水资源评价信息系统的平台,对地下水资源、调蓄能力与生态环境效益进行整体评价与预警。方法体系注重了地下水的资源和生态的双重属性,强调地下水资源与相关生态环境整体评价和预警的一体化,突出了模型体系与GIS技术在区域地下水资源评价和相关生态环境评价的有效集成。 相似文献
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用环境同位素论区域地下水资源属性 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
从可持续角度提出了区域地下水资源属性的概念; 分析了含水层系统中地下水质点的时间效应; 利用大量同位素资料分析了不同区域含水层系统中的地下水资源属性和人类活动对地下水资源属性的影响.指出利用环境同位素是研究区域地下水资源属性最直接、有效的方法; 正确认识评价区域地下水资源属性对实现地下水资源可持续性具有重要意义. 相似文献
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This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development. 相似文献
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利用稳定同位素方法识别内蒙古佘太盆地地下水补给来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究近几十年来佘太盆地地下水补给变化情况,通过现场调查分析,对佘太盆地浅层地下水开展同位素样品采集工作,并测定了其氢、氧稳定同位素的值。在分析同位素分布特征及变化规律的基础上,结合当地地质及水文地质条件识别了地下水补给来源和补给区并构建了浅层地下水的补给模式图,探讨了区域上浅层地下水的补给流动状况。通过分析研究区大气降水和地下水中的氢氧稳定同位素的变化特征发现:当地大气降水并不是地下水的主要补给来源,其补给源区为周边山区,补给来源主要是周边山区的大气降水,且地下水所经历的蒸发作用较明显;盆地的东、西部地下水的补给源区不尽相同,西部的补给区高程要高于东部的补给区高程,但两部分地下水所经历的蒸发强度基本相同。 相似文献
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当前世界面临着越来越严重的水资源缺乏等环境压力,大尺度区域地下水资源与环境问题日益得到重视。在区域地下水流理论创立、应用与发展50年之际,由中国地质调查局和国际水文地质学家协会区域地下水流专业委员会主办,西安地质调查中心和中国地质大学(北京、武汉)等单位承办了区域地下水流理论、应用与发展国际学术研讨会。区域地下水流理论创始人Tóth教授以及来自13个国家的160多位水文地质专家从地下水流理论方法、实践应用等方面进行研讨和交流,将对区域地下水流理论的研究起到积极的促进作用,有力推动该理论的进一步发展和实际应用。笔者系统分析梳理了与会者的报告,归纳总结了国际区域地下水流理论研究进展和发展动态,以期为区域地下水流理论更加广泛地应用于水文地质环境地质相关研究领域提供参考。 相似文献
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江苏沿海地区深层地下水开发利用现状及环境地质问题 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
江苏沿海地区深层地下水在开发利用过程中，由于开采布局不合理和存在“三集中”(开采层次集中、开采地段集中、开采时间集中)以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素，出现水位逐年下降，并形成区域性降落漏斗，致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质成化和诱发地面沉降等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析沿海地区深层地下水开发利用的6个阶段(初级、城市开采、城市超采、区域超采、区域控制开采和区域压缩开采阶段)、区域降落漏斗的3个发展过程(1986年、1995年和2002年)和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质成化和地面沉降等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势，从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度，提出深层水的保护规划、浅层咸水、海水资源的开发利用、实行强制节水、污水资源化和发展海洋性产业的对策建议。 相似文献
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下辽河平原地下水生态水位与可持续开发调控研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
下辽河平原是辽宁省老工业基地的核心地区,水资源问题已经成为制约该区经济发展和生态环境改善的重要因素。地下水资源在整个供水系统中一直占有65%左右的比例,但由于地下水开采所导致的环境水文地质问题也很严重,因此开展研究区内的地下水生态水位及其调控的研究具有重要的意义。首先在研究区内降水入渗与蒸发规律的基础上,结合野外试验资料,采用情景分析的方法,设置了两种情景下地下水生态水位标准,并在第二种情景里又分为考虑地下水调蓄功能与不考虑地下水调蓄功能两种方案;然后通过对地下水实际埋深与生态水位埋深的比较,结合相应的水文地质参数,计算出各种方案下满足地下水生态水位要求的地下水调控量;最后论述了研究区内地下水资源可持续开发利用的对策措施。研究成果对于区内地下水资源的科学开采与有效保护具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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Water resources assessment in the Minqin Basin: an arid inland river basin under intensive irrigation in northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yanlin Zhang Jinhui Ma Xiaoli Chang Jan van Wonderen Lili Yan Jinhua Han 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(6):1831-1839
The Minqin Basin is at the lower reach of the Shiyang River of Gansu province in northwest China. Dramatic decline in groundwater
level has resulted from over-abstraction of groundwater since the late 1950s to satisfy increasing irrigation and other demands.
Severe water shortage led to environmental degradation. To better understand the spatial–temporal variation of groundwater
levels and to evaluate the groundwater resources in the region, a three-dimensional regional groundwater flow model was built
and calibrated under transient condition. The MODFLOW program was used and the research area was discretized as a square network
with cell size of 400 × 400 m. The model showed that the aquifer was under destructive stress, with a groundwater resource
deficit of 260 million cubic meters per year (Mm3/year) on average. Since the inflow of surface water from the upstream basin has declined to about 100–150 Mm3/year in recent decades, the irrigation return flow had become the main recharge and accounted for 60.6% of total recharge;
meanwhile, abstraction by pumping wells took 99.2% from the total groundwater discharge. 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemistry and isotope techniques to determine water interactions in groundwater-dependent shallow lakes,Wet Pampa Plain,Argentina 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Asunción Romanelli Orlando Mauricio Quiroz Londoño Daniel Emilio Martínez Héctor Enrique Massone Alicia Haydée Escalante 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1953-1966
This paper gives an account of the implementation of hydrochemical and isotopic techniques to identify and explain the processes that govern solute exchange in two groundwater-dependent shallow lakes in the Southeastern Pampa Plain of Argentina. Water samples (lakes, streams, spring water and groundwater) for hydrochemical and stable isotopic determination were collected and the main physical–chemical parameters were measured. The combination of stable isotope data with hydrogeochemical techniques was used for the identification of sources and preferential recharge areas to these aquatic ecosystems which allowed the explanation of the lake water origin. The hydrochemical processes which explain Los Padres Lake water chemistry are evaporation from groundwater, CO2 input, calcite dissolution, Na+ release by Ca2+ and Mg2+ exchange, and sulfate reduction. The model that best aligns with La Brava Lake hydrochemical constraints includes: mixing, CO2 and calcite dissolution, cationic exchange with Na+ release and Mg2+ adsorption, and to a lesser extent, Ca/Na exchange. This model suggests that the fractured aquifer contribution to this water body is greater than 50 %. An isotopic-specific fingerprint for each lake was identified, finding a higher evaporation rate for La Brava Lake compared to Los Padres Lake. Isotopic data demonstrate the importance of these shallow lakes as recharge areas to the regional aquifer, becoming areas of high groundwater vulnerability. The Tandilia Range System, considered in many hydrogeological studies as the impermeable bedrock of the Pampean aquifer, acts as a fissured aquifer in this area, contributing to low salinity waters and with a fingerprint similar to groundwater isotopic composition. 相似文献
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María Eugenia Pérez González María del Pilar García Rodríguez Vanesa González-Quiñones Raimundo Jiménez Ballesta 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):143-149
The spatial variability of the quality of the soil on the shores of a lagoon affected by hydromorphy and/or salinity can be identified (Laguna de Villacañas, Castilla La Mancha) by the use of multitemporal Landsat images in order to analyse these changes. For this purpose, TM and ETM images along with field observations and certain edaphic laboratory parameters are used. In order to identify saline-hydromorphic soils, the spatial variability of chemical and physical properties of a transect, which includes from Solonchaks to Regosols and Cambisols, have been correlated with the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This index, chosen for specific dates, has proven to be very useful in detecting halophytic vegetation and relating it to the variability of the quality of these soils. 相似文献
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Identifying the recharge sources and age of groundwater in the Songnen Plain (Northeast China) using environmental isotopes 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The recharge sources and groundwater age in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were confirmed using environmental isotopes. The isotopic signatures of the unconfined aquifers in the southeast elevated plain and the north and west piedmont, cluster along local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) with a slope of about 5. The signature of source water was obtained by the intersection of these LMWLs with the regional meteoric water line (RMWL). This finding provides evidence that the recharge water for these areas originate from the Changbai Mountains and the Low and High Hingan Mountains, respectively. Groundwater in the unconfined aquifer in the low plain yields a LMWL with a slope of 4.4; its nitrate concentration indicates the admixture of irrigation return flow. The δ-values of the unconfined aquifer in the east elevated plain plot along the RMWL, reflecting recharge by local precipitation. The mean residence time of groundwater in these aquifers is less than 50?years. However, the 14C age of the groundwater in the confined Quaternary aquifer ranges from modern to 19,500?years, and in the Tertiary confined aquifer from 3,100 to 24,900?years. Modern groundwater is mainly recharged to the Quaternary confined aquifer on the piedmont by local precipitation and lateral subsurface flow. 相似文献
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L. Valenzuela-Vásquez J. Ramírez-Hernández J. Reyes-López A. Sol-Uribe O. Lázaro-Mancilla 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(1):17-27
Anomalous high fluoride concentration up to 7.59 mg/dm3 is found in groundwater from “La Victoria” area. This water is used to supply drinking water to Hermosillo City, Sonora. Geochemistry of groundwater, relationship between physicochemical parameters, hydrogeology and geologic setting were correlated to define the origin and the geochemical mechanisms of groundwater fluorine enrichment. High fluoride concentration is associated with high bicarbonates, pH and temperature, and it decreases toward the west and south of the area. Fluoride is in negative correlation to calcium concentration. Sodium sulphate facies of regional deep water flow are related to high fluoride concentration. High electric resistivity rocks associated with granites from the Sierra Bachoco basement might be the deep source of fluoride. Outcropping of Sierra Bachoco in the west causes upward regional flow. Groundwater of longer residence time can be pumped there. The anomalous area is restricted to “La Victoria” because calcareous paleozoic rocks outcrop to the south. 相似文献