共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Tunnelling and Hydrogeological Issues: A Short Review of the Current State of the Art 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Since the 1960s, there has been an increasing interest in the understanding of the hydraulic flow inside a hard rock mass, since water inflow into deep tunnels constitute a hazard, in addition to being an important factor in controlling the advancement of excavation. The characterisation of fluid flow through hard rock masses is still one of the most challenging problems faced by geologists and engineers. A rock mass is characterised by networks of discrete and ubiquitous discontinuities that strongly affect its hydraulic properties, but detailed knowledge of the discontinuity properties allows for the evaluation of the hydraulic flow in the rock mass affected by the excavation of a tunnel. A geostructural field survey is fundamental in order to correctly define the discontinuity types, settings and networks. Numerous approaches have been proposed to estimate the water inflow based on empirical relations supported by field experience and case studies, as well as analytical solutions. Often, however, these approaches are not easily applicable in standard practice and in complex scenarios. The most appropriate approach to characterising the hydraulic flow of the rock mass and to predicting in the most effective way the expected water inflow during the excavation of a tunnel is based on a detailed geological model and geostructural analysis as described in this paper. 相似文献
2.
根据水位条件、施工工艺和防排水设计原则将隧道渗流计算围岩透水边界条件大致划分为4种类型,并分析了不同透水边界条件适应的施工工况。基于复变函数理论和保角映射方法,推导得出4种透水边界条件下隧道围岩内任一点孔隙水压力和隧道涌水量解析计算公式,通过与数值解的对比,印证了解析解的准确性。在此基础上,根据不同透水边界条件下隧道涌水量和围岩关键点孔隙水压力随埋深直径比（ ）的变化规律,分析了透水边界条件的变化对浅埋隧道和深埋隧道的影响,并探讨了浅埋水下隧道渗流计算中透水边界条件的选取。相关结论与认识对于隧道渗流计算和排水设计具有一定的指导作用和参考价值。 相似文献
3.
水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制因素敏感性层次分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在分析裂隙介质水力特性的基础上,采用层次分析法,结合工程实践经验,分析影响水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制的主要因素,并确定它们各自的权重。结果表明,每延米洞长洞室围岩断层等破碎带的平均宽度权重最大,是影响裂隙围岩渗流控制的最主要因素;其次为上覆含水体富水性和每延米洞长洞室围岩张开裂隙的平均数量。当洞室位置和洞室尺寸等参数设定后,每延米洞长洞室围岩断层等破碎带的平均宽度、上覆含水体富水性和每延米洞长洞室围岩张开裂隙的平均数量是影响水下隧道裂隙围岩渗流控制的最主要因素。研究结果可以为海底隧道及地下水封储油岩洞库等水下隧道的渗流控制及灾害防治提供科学的依据。 相似文献
4.
半无限含水层中带衬砌隧洞渗流解析研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
现有关于半无限含水层中隧洞渗流的解析解不能考虑衬砌部分排水的特性。假定土体和衬砌均为饱和均匀连续介质,采用土体与衬砌分算;利用复变函数解决孔口问题基本方法,对土体采用共形映射坐标变换,将土体中的渗流方程转换为与衬砌部分类似的二维Laplace方程圆环域的Dirichlet问题;通过Fourier解法,根据边界条件并利用流量连续条件,求得半无限空间中带衬砌隧洞渗流量和衬砌周边水头解析解答。分析了径深比、土体与衬砌渗透系数相对值、内壁水压力等因素对渗流量和衬砌周边水头的影响,并与数值算例进行了比较。结果表明,对浅埋隧洞该解析解仍具有较好的精度,是简便、实用的计算方法。 相似文献
5.
One of the most challenging aspects of tunnelling is prognostication of water inflows. More reliable prediction of groundwater inflow may give considerable economical saving for future tunnel projects and may also prevent damage of environment and installations on the surface. This paper is discussing the significance of eight hypotheses regarding geological parameters for predicting water inflow in tunnels. The respective hypotheses have been tested as part of a recent research project in Norway. Six Norwegian tunnels with different geological conditions were selected for the research; the Romeriksporten, Frøya, T-baneringen, Lunner, Skaugum, and Storsand tunnels. Based on detailed study of these tunnels, the hypotheses are tested by comparing water inflow with geological parameters and factors such as Q value, faulting, rock stress orientation, rock cover, thickness of permeable soil or depth of lake/sea above the tunnel, rock type, and width of weakness zones. It is found that four out of the eight tested hypotheses are supported, two have low to medium support and two are not supported. One unexpected result is that for the tunnels covered by this study, the water inflow was found to increase with rock cover. 相似文献
6.
Characteristics of Water Ingress in Norwegian Subsea Tunnels 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Bjørn Nilsen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):933-945
7.
FLAC3D在青岛地铁渗流场中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
首先,基于考虑衬砌和注浆圈的解析解,利用MATLAB软件编制了计算与自动绘图程序,研究水头、隧道半径、围岩渗透特性与衬砌渗透系数和隧道涌水量、外水压力的相互关系;其次,基于FLAC3D软件平台,通过数值解与理论解的对比,验证了数值模拟方法在隧道渗流场中应用的正确性。在此基础上,结合青岛地铁典型区间隧道,分析了隧道开挖阶段以及运营期的渗流场,并研究了在不同注浆圈厚度以及注浆圈渗透系数下隧道注浆圈的涌水量和外水压力。结果表明,在隧道周围施作注浆圈的方法来减少隧道的涌水量是可行的。注浆圈厚度越大,其渗透系数越小,隧道涌水量就越小,而外水压力变化规律与涌水量恰恰相反。研究成果为地铁隧道衬砌的设计和注浆圈范围的初步确定提供了参考依据。 相似文献
8.
The presence of a gassy ground condition is an important problem in tunneling. In this study, the effects of groundwater H2S and CH4 emissions are investigated and characterized together with the factors that created these conditions in Nosoud tunnel in Iran. Through the geological investigations, the presence of these gasses was not detected prior to the construction of the tunnel. Groundwater sampling indicated that about 1 L of H2S is released per 100 L of the water inflow into the Nosoud tunnel under normal conditions. However, the volume of the released gas was varying with the changes in the groundwater discharge rate. Thus, estimation of groundwater inflow into the tunnel is necessary for predicting the volume of gas emission. Based on the experience of the Nosoud tunnel excavations, there are several geological and hydrogeological factors that must be considered as the indicators of gas emissions during tunneling. Considering the importance of ground water gas emission into the tunnels located in gassy conditions, the present work was conducted to predict the H2S seepage before the excavation using geological and hydrogeological indicators. 相似文献
9.
隧道工程中的地下水问题是富水地层中普遍存在的重要问题,地下水流动对隧道围岩稳定性有重要影响。给出了描述隧道开挖过程中力学与水力特征及表征方法,根据岩体的基本结构特征及代表性单元体（REV）是否存在提出了流固耦合模型的建立方法;提出了隧道水力耦合数值分析中的耦合计算模型的建立方法;利用数值法研究了隧道开挖渗流与应力耦合问题,得到变形和渗流场的变化规律。结果表明,隧道开挖引起的渗流影响边界大于力学影响边界,由于渗流引起的渗流力增加了围岩的应力、位移,从围岩-支护结构共同作用原理考虑,进行隧道支护结构设计时是应该考虑渗流效应的。 相似文献
10.
Hydraulic conductivity distribution in crystalline rocks, derived from inflows to tunnels and galleries in the Central Alps, Switzerland 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
Inflow data from 23 tunnels and galleries, 136 km in length and located in the Aar and Gotthard massifs of the Swiss Alps, have been analyzed with the objective (1) to understand the 3-dimensional spatial distribution of groundwater flow in crystalline basement rocks, (2) to assess the dependency of tunnel inflow rate on depth, tectonic overprint, and lithology, and (3) to derive the distribution of fracture transmissivity and effective hydraulic conductivity at the 100-m scale. Brittle tectonic overprint is shown to be the principal parameter regulating inflow rate and dominates over depth and lithology. The highest early time inflow rate is 1,300 l/s and has been reported from a shallow hydropower gallery intersecting a 200-m wide cataclastic fault zone. The derived lognormal transmissivity distribution is based on 1,361 tunnel intervals with a length of 100 m. Such interval transmissivities range between 10?9 and 10?1 m2/s within the first 200–400 m of depth and between 10?9 and 10?4 m2/s in the depth interval of 400–1,500 m below ground surface. Outside brittle fault zones, a trend of decreasing transmissivity/hydraulic conductivity with increasing depth is observed for some schistous and gneissic geological units, whereas no trend is identified for the granitic units. 相似文献
11.
Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support 总被引：63，自引：10，他引：63
SummaryEngineering Classification of Rock Masses for the Design of Tunnel Support An analysis of some 200 tunnel case records has revealed a useful correlation between the amount and type of permanent support and the rock mass qualityQ, with respect to tunnel stability. The numerical value ofQ ranges from 0.001 (for exceptionally poor quality squeezing-ground) up to 1000 (for exceptionally good quality rock which is practically unjointed). The rock mass qualityQ is a function of six parameters, each of which has a rating of importance, which can be estimated from surface mapping and can be updated during subsequent excavation. The six parameters are as follows; theRQD index, the number of joint sets, the roughness of the weakest joints, the degree of alteration or filling along the weakest joints, and two further parameters which account for the rock load and water inflow. In combination these parameters represent the rock block-size, the interblock shear strength, and the active stress. The proposed classification is illustrated by means of field examples and selected case records.Detailed analysis of the rock mass quality and corresponding support practice has shown that suitable permanent support can be estimated for the whole spectrum of rock qualities. This estimate is based on the rock mass quality Q, the support pressure, and the dimensions and purpose of the excavation. The support pressure appears to be a function ofQ, the joint roughness, and the number of joint sets. The latter two determine the dilatency and the degree of freedom of the rock mass.Detailed recommendations for support measures include various combinations of shotcrete, bolting, and cast concrete arches together with the appropriate bolt spacings and lengths, and the requisite thickness of shotcrete or concrete. The boundary between self supporting tunnels and those requiring some form of permanent support can be determined from the rock mass qualityQ.
With 8 Figures 相似文献
12.
软土在低水力坡降下的渗流会偏离达西定律,即为非达西渗流模式。假设孔隙水渗透服从指数渗流模式,采用镜像法原理推导了浅埋单孔和双孔圆形隧道非达西渗流场的解析解。结合算例,对浅埋圆形隧道非达西渗流解析解与达西渗流解析解进行了对比分析与验证,并对非达西渗流指数、隧道周围土体与衬砌渗流系数比值对隧道渗流场的影响进行了讨论。结果表明：非达西渗流指数、渗流系数比值对隧道渗流量和周围土体孔压均有较大的影响;随着渗流指数逐渐增大,土体内水头损失加快,隧道周围土体孔压及渗流量逐渐减小;随着土体与衬砌渗流系数比值逐渐增大,衬砌排水能力增强,隧道渗流量逐渐增大,隧道周围土体孔压减小更大。 相似文献
13.
盾构在有地下水和无地下水地区开挖有很大的不同,特别是在高水位下施工时,因为渗透力的影响可能会引起工作面的不稳定,而在实际工程中,这种影响很少被考虑,从而低估了盾构施工的风险。本文根据渗流场和温度场的相似性,将ANSYS软件的温度场分析功能应用于渗流场的分析,并利用ANSYS软件自带的APDL参数化语言开发渗流力计算模块,渗透力首先在流场进行计算,然后将其作为应力边界条件施加于各节点进行应力和变形分析,探讨渗流力的存在对盾构隧道开挖面稳定的影响。基于此,作者提出一种考虑渗流的新的开挖面稳定性分析方法,使盾构水下掘进的设计施工更加合理。 相似文献
14.
以地下水位线以下的石楼隧道典型三趾马红土围岩段为例,通过现场监测对三趾马红土围岩的体积含水量、孔隙水压力、围岩应力（土压力）、拱顶沉降与水平收敛进行了分析。在此基础上,通过原位大剪试验获得了可靠的围岩抗剪强度参数,并建立了隧道三维有限元数值模型,分别对考虑水-力耦合效应、不考虑水-力耦合效应的三趾马红土围岩变形规律进行了探讨,分析了孔隙水压力随着隧道开挖的变化和三趾马红土围岩位移场、应力场受水-力耦合效应的影响程度,并提出了围岩破坏变形机制。结果表明:（1）实测拱顶下沉大于围岩水平变形,围岩应力可分为增长期（ < 20d）、调整期（20~60d）、稳定期（>60d）3个阶段,且整体应力水平较高,下台阶含水量大于上台阶,孔隙水压力经历了由负变正的过程。（2）现场剪切试验所测围岩的黏聚力为64.0kPa,内摩擦角为27.7°。（3）数值分析表明,隧道开挖后孔隙水压力场变化十分明显,这是由地下水流速场的改变引起的,水力坡降在衬砌面附近最为明显,渗透动水压力导致土体产生一定的渗透变形;考虑水-力耦合后围岩剪应力、最大剪应变、拱顶沉降、水平收敛、底板隆起均较大。（4）受开挖及支护的影响,地下水产生渗流并依次经过拱顶、边墙,最终汇集于隧底;受开挖、地下水渗流的影响,围岩节理裂隙进一步扩张,成为地下水良好的运移通道;围岩的有效应力随着孔隙水压力的减小而增大,围岩的力学强度在土体趋于饱和状态时骤降,反过来,高有效应力、低围岩强度以及贯通性节理裂隙三者共同改变着地下水渗流场的状态。（5）为保障围岩整体稳定性,建议及时排出隧道底部积水并施做仰拱。 相似文献
15.
G. Preisig A. Dematteis R. Torri N. Monin E. Milnes P. Perrochet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(3):869-884
Interception of aquifers by tunnel excavation results in water inflow and leads to drawdown of the water table which may induce ground settlement. In this work, analytical and numerical models are presented which specifically address these groundwater related processes in tunnel excavation. These developed models are compared and their performance as predictive tools is evaluated. Firstly, the water inflow in deep tunnels is treated. It is shown that introducing a reduction factor accounting for the effect of effective stress on hydrodynamic parameters avoids overestimation. This effect can be considered in numerical models using effective stress-dependent parameters. Then, quantification of ground settlement is addressed by a transient analytical solution. These solutions are then successfully applied to the data obtained during the excavation of the La Praz exploratory tunnel in the Western Alps (France), validating their usefulness as predictive tools. 相似文献
16.
E. Karimzade M. Sharifzadeh H. R. Zarei K. Shahriar M. Cheraghi Seifabad 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(9):206
Groundwater flow is a major issue in underground opening in fractured rocks. Because of finding the fracture connectivity, contribution of each fracture in flow, and fracture connectivity to excavation boundary, the prediction of water flow to underground excavations is difficult. Simulation of fracture characteristics and spatial distribution is necessary to obtain realistic estimation of inflow quantity to tunnel and underground excavations. In this research, a computer code for three-dimensional discrete fracture network modeling of water inflow into underground excavations was developed. In this code, the fractures are simulated as ellipsoid while geometrical properties of the fractures are reproduced using a stochastic method. Properties such as the size, orientation, and density of the fractures are modeled by their respective probability distributions, which are obtained from field measurements. According to the fracture condition, the flow paths in rock mass are determined. The flow paths are considered as channels with rectangular sections in which channel width and fracture aperture determine geometry of channel section. Inflow into excavation is predicted ignoring matrix permeability and considering the hydrogeological conditions. To verify presented model, simulation results were compared to a part of the Cheshmeh-Roozieh water transfer tunnel in Iran. The results obtained from this research are in good agreement with the field data. Thus, the average of the predicted inflow has just an approximation error equal to 17.8%, and its standard deviation is 8.6 l/s, which is equal to 21% of the observed value that demonstrates low dispersion of the predicted values. 相似文献
17.
Optimization of analytical equations of groundwater seepage into tunnels: A case study of Amirkabir tunnel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, with investigation of validity limits of analytical equations in computing groundwater seepage discharge into tunnels in different values of r/h (tunnel radius/water table height above tunnel), using optimization by regression analysis, we have tried to converge the results of analytical equations for any value of r/h. There are various experimental, analytical and numerical methods by which it is possible to calculate the amount of groundwater seepage into tunnels. Due to their simplicity and practical base theory, analytical methods have been applied more frequently. Studies imply that amount of real seepage into tunnel is significantly less than what is anticipated from analytical equations; on the other hand, the results of seepage calculations using these equations are depended on tunnel geometry and medium conditions. Previous investigations confirmed that in a tunnel for which, r/h is more than 0.4; these results are highly different both from one another and from the real seepage inflow. In this paper, optimization has been successfully performed on analytical equations so that the results of these methods are converged to each other for any value of r/h. 相似文献
18.
处于薄—中层倾斜层状岩体中的深埋隧道常会产生地质顺层偏压的问题,导致隧道局部塌方、偏压变形及支护结构破坏。本文以郑万线某隧道为例,采用理论分析、数值模拟方法对深埋顺层隧道的破坏机理及不同结构面参数下的破坏规律展开了研究。研究结果表明:（1）深埋顺层偏压隧道洞周围岩将根据其切向应力与结构面夹角的不同发生岩层拉裂破坏、结构面剪切破坏及岩体自身破坏,其中切向应力与结构面平行位置,即反倾侧拱腰及顺倾侧拱脚位置主要发生拉裂破坏,此处围岩塑性区范围最广,围岩位移最大,围岩处于极不稳定状态;（2）顺层偏压隧道的破坏规律与结构面强度参数有直接关系,围岩塑性区范围及围岩位移均随着结构面摩擦角的增大而降低,且降低趋势逐渐放缓,当结构面摩擦角达到岩体摩擦角后,结构面摩擦角继续增加对围岩稳定性影响较小;（3）围岩塑性区及围岩位移场偏压分布特征随结构面倾角的变化而整体旋转,且对于隧道底部而言,结构面最不利倾角为0°,此时隧底最大上鼓量大于其他倾角下的最大上鼓量;对于隧道拱部而言,最不利倾角为40°,此时洞周最大收敛值大于其他倾角下的最大收敛值,最不利位置位于反倾侧拱腰。 相似文献
19.
20.
Asghar Siahmansouri Javad Gholamnejad Mohammad Fatehi Marji 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):1059-1066
Twin tunnels can be used for many applications. Interaction between two tunnels is an important problem in tunnel engineering that should be studied specially. Numerical investigations are well adapted to field data and numerical methods can be used in design of rock pillar of twin circular tunnels. So far, no relationship has been provided to estimate the minimum stable rock pillar width. In this paper, the interaction between twin circular tunnels has been studied using 2D finite element analysis. To do this, a great number of twin tunnels were modeled in Phase2 software with different conditions of rock mass (RMR value) and depth of tunnel. Models were analyzed and minimum stable rock pillar width was determined. This process was repeated for three different ratios of K (ratio of horizontal stress to vertical stress, 0.5, 1, and 1.5). Finally, according to the linear and nonlinear regression methods, the best merit function was fitted to result of numerical analysis. Then, new approximate formula was proposed to estimate the minimum rock pillar width according to RMR value and depth of twin circular tunnels with different K values. The formulae are very accurate (coefficient of correlation equals to minimum 0.96) that can be used for estimating the minimum rock pillar width of twin circular tunnels. 相似文献