共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
摘要：利用新疆100个国家气象站的月、季、年气温、降水要素1991─2020年和1981─2010年平均值资料，从区域平均和空间分布两方面对2个气候平均值进行对比分析。结果表明：全疆的平均气温一致增加，且大部地区增温显著，春季增幅最大，秋季最小，北疆增幅略大于天山山区和南疆。全疆降水增幅3.1%～5.0%，冬季增幅最大，秋季最小，天山山区增幅大于北疆和南疆。月气温，2、3、4、6月升幅较大，5─10月较小，月气温差值空间型分为三型：全疆一致增加型、全疆大部增加型和全疆大部减少型。月降水，2、8、11月增幅较大，月降水差值空间型分为三型：全疆大部增加型、全疆大部减少型和北疆大部减少南疆部分增加型。气候平均值更替后，气温距平和降水距平百分率偏高的特征将弱化，其等级整体由正距平向负距平方向调整，基于旧气候态下的评价结论也需重新评估。 相似文献
2.
王月娥 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1997,20(2):35-36
冬季（1996年12月～1997年2月）新疆大部地区气温偏高，北疆12月下旬出现异常回暖现象。降水北疆大部偏多，南疆大部偏少。北疆北部积雪异常偏厚。雪灾危害突出，牧业生产出现严重困难。1气候概况气温：季平均气温，北疆地区为－10．0℃；南疆地区为－3．9℃。与常年同期相比较，北疆偏高2℃；南疆偏高1－7℃。各地季平均气温，全疆除喀什、和田异常值高，石河子正常外，其它大部地区偏高。冬季气温除2月上旬偏低外，其它时间气温偏高，12月下旬的异常回暖气候是新疆有史以来罕见的。各月乎均气温，12月气温旬际变化大。上旬北疆大部偏低4～… 相似文献
3.
王月娥 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1998,(1)
1997年9－11月,北疆平均气温偏高,10月异常偏高,南疆气温接近常年。降水全疆大部偏少,南疆大部地区持续3个月无降水。季内气候异常较突出。1气候概况1．1气温季平均气温,北疆平均为8．4℃,较常年同期偏高l℃;南疆平均为10．9℃,接近常年。各地季平均气温,全疆除乌鲁木 相似文献
4.
利用陕西99个国家气象站月、季节、年气温、降水量1991─2020年和1981─2010年平均值资料，对2个气候平均值进行对比分析。结果表明：全省的平均气温一致增加，大部春季增幅最大（平均0.5℃），秋季增幅最小（平均0.2℃），关中增幅整体大于陕北和陕南。降水量变化存在较大的空间和时间差异，空间上主要表现为夏季降水的北增南减（陕北增加，关中和陕南减少）和秋季降水的全省一致增加，时间上各区域降水量表现出明显的季节内尺度变化特征。气候平均值改变后，3月气温评价等级整体由偏高向偏低方向调整，11月降水评价等级整体由偏多向偏少方向调整。暖冬年份减少，冷冬年份增加。在新气候平均值下，气温、降水、季节等级等气候评价结果需要重新评估。 相似文献
5.
今年春季我区气温北疆偏高，南疆偏低。降水量全疆大部偏少。北疆开春期较常年偏早，南疆终霜提前。部分地区旱情持续，对农业生产带来一定影响。1气候概况气温：季平均气温，北疆北部为3．O～9·0℃，北疆西部为Ic～11℃；北疆沿天山一带为8～17C。南疆地区为11．l～18．2C。各地季平均气温与常年同期相比较，北疆北部、西部及沿天山一带属正常等级。南疆地区属偏低等级。春季气温变幅较大，3、4月北疆大部偏高，南疆偏低。5月北疆趋近常年，南疆却大部偏高。3月中旬，受北支锋区和南下的乌拉尔山较强冷空气影响，我区大部地区受到一次中… 相似文献
6.
张艳芳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1992,(6)
一、气候概况夏季主要气候特点是:气温基本正常或偏低。旬季气温变化大,降水偏多,局部地区出现暴雨洪水,冰雹等灾害。1、气温:(1)季平均气温:全疆大部分地区基本正常或偏低。北疆北部为17～20℃,西部和沿天山一带为20～23℃,山区为13～16℃,比常年同期偏低0.1～1.1℃。南疆大部地区为 相似文献
7.
张艳芳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1996,19(6):42-43,53
今年夏季，北疆大部地区气温接近常年或略偏高。南疆大部气温偏低或正常略低。降水，北疆分布不均，南疆大部偏多。夏季天气过程偏多，洪水、冰雹、大风等灾害性夭气频发，特别是7月中旬的特大暴雨造成我区6地州市历史罕见的洪灾，给工农业生产及交通运输造成严重影响。1气候概况1．l气温门）季平均气温：北疆大部地区气温接近常年或略偏高。d匕Md匕部为17～22℃，西部和沿天山一带为21～24℃，大部地区比常年同期偏高O．5℃左右。南疆大部地区为ZI～3O℃，较常年同期偏低O．5～卫℃，喀什、若羌较常年同期偏低1．5～2℃。（2）月平均气… 相似文献
8.
夏季主要气候特点是：气温基本正常或偏高，旬际气温变化较大。季降水量偏少，但各月降水分布不均。局部地区出现暴雨洪水，冰雹等灾害。1气候概况1．1气温季平均气温：全疆大部分地区基本正常或偏高。北疆北部及西部为14～22℃。沿天山一带在21～25℃之间。从李距平值看北疆除乌鲁木齐为一1．6外，其余地区均比常年同期偏高0．SC左右。南疆大部为24～29C，卜匕常年同期偏高了0．2～08℃。其中和田、若羌和且末3站的季距乎值为l．l～l．SC。月平均气温：6月份平均气温，北疆除乌鲁木齐偏低2．1”C外，其余地区偏高0．6～1．7t：。南疆除… 相似文献
9.
阿不力米提·塔西 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2003,26(6):31-32
2003年9～10月新疆主要天气气候特点：气温9月份全疆大部略偏高，10月份北疆偏高，南疆略偏高。降水9月份全疆大部偏多；10月份北疆基本无降水，南疆降水主要集中在西部，比常年偏多3～15倍，其余地区基本无降水。两月全疆大部分地区光照适宜．气象条件对玉米充分灌浆、成熟、收晒以及冬小麦的播种、出苗有利，对棉花吐 相似文献
10.
王月娥 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1988,(7)
3-5月,我区大部分地区气温偏低,初春气温稳定且回升缓慢,4月下旬5月初温度变化幅度大.降水主要集中在5月份,季降水量大部分地区偏多.5月份气候特殊:气温偏低,降水偏多,晴天日数少,给农业生产造成不利影响.棉花出现烂种烂芽及死苗现象,春作物发育期推迟. 一、气候概况气温:3-5月,北疆北部的季平均气温2-4度;北疆西部、北疆沿天山一带7-10度;吐鲁番地区14-17度;南疆地区的巴州、阿克苏、喀什、和田地区则在12-14度.和历年同期平均值比较,全疆大部分地 相似文献
11.
Interdecadal Variations of Precipitation and Temperature in China Around the Abrupt Change of Atmospheric Circulation in 1976 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 The interdecadal characteristics of rainfall and temperature in China before and after the abrupt change of the general circulation in 1976 are analyzed using the global 2.5°×2.5° monthly mean reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction of US and the precipitation and temperature data at the 743 stations of China from the National Climate Center of China. The results show that after 1976, springtime precipitation and temperature were anomalously enhanced and reduced respectively in South China, while the reverse was true in the western Yangtze River basin. In summer, precipitation was anomalously less in South China, more in the Yangtze River basin, less again in North China and more again in Northeast China, showing a distribution pattern alternating with negative and positive anomalies （＂ , ＋, -, ＋＂）. Meanwhile, temperature shows a distribution of warming in South China, cooling in the Yangtze and Huaihe River basins, and warming again in northern China. In autumn, precipitation tended to decrease and temperature tended to increase in in South China and warming was most parts of the country. In winter, the trend across all parts of China. precipitation increased moderately The interdecadal decline of mean temperature in spring and summer in China was mainly due to the daily maximum temperature variation, while the interdecadal increase was mainly the result of the minimum temperature change. The overall warming in autumn （winter） was mostly influenced by the minimum （maximum） temperature variation. These changes were closely related to the north-south shifts of the ascending and descending branches of the Hadley cell, the strengthening and north-south progression of the westerly jet stream, and the atmospheric stratification and water vapor transport conditions. 相似文献
12.
首次利用气候模式作了跨年度的针对冬季和春季气候异常形势的预测试验.预测结果显示,今冬的气候特点为,我国北方降水正常,南方略偏多,气温在我国全境基本为正常,因此,不会出现暖冬现象,而欧亚大陆北部则为明显的暖冬.预测结果还表明,明春我国西北、华北、东北降水正常,其他地区略多,全国气温均较正常,因此,明春的沙尘暴形势如常,不会出现超出常年的春季沙尘暴形势.但由于近些年的气候变化趋势使然,明春的沙尘暴仍可能在局部时空段内相当严重. 相似文献
13.
LI Yaohui SONG Lianchun ZHANG Cunjie GAO Xuejie ZHAO Jianhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(5):13-22
A numerical study on CO2 doubling effects upon temperature and precipitation in NW China is conducted using an improved regional climate model, with the modeling data from a global climate model (Australian CSIRO R21L9) as the background. Results suggest that the doubling would lead to the rise of surface temperature in the project region, with the maximum occurring in southern Xinjiang Basin and eastern Qilian Mountains in contrast to a relatively smaller increase in northern Xinjiang and southern Shaanxi Provinces. On a seasonal basis the winter temperature warming is most pronounced while the autumn shows a relatively less signi cant rising trend. The study region experiences the greatest warming compared with other parts of the country. With CO2 content doubling, rainfall change varies from place to place in this region, with rainfall increase in the west, particularly in northern Xinjiang, in the vicinity of the Tianshan area, southwestern Qinghai, and Hexi area (west of the Yellow River of Gansu), as opposed to the eastern
portion of NW China, where precipitation decreases.
If CO2 concentration is doubled, most of the study region would receive more rainfall in spring, implying that spring drought would be alleviated while its eastern part would see varying-degree decreased precipitation in the other three seasons, especially in summer, suggesting that drought there would be intensified in summer and autumn, thereby exerting major influence on rain-fed agriculture there. 相似文献
14.
The Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) numerical model was used to simulate the North Pacific Ocean beginning in January 1960. The model had a horizontal resolution of 0.25o, 46 vertical levels, and employed a spectral nudging assimilation scheme that, unlike standard nudging, nudges only specific frequency and wavenumber bands. This simulation was nudged to the mean and monthly Levitus climatology of potential temperature and salinity. The model was forced with mean monthly winds, net heat flux, and precipitation from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The simulation was used to study a recent intrusion of much warmer and less saline water than normal from the west into the Gulf of Alaska, beginning in December 2013 and lasting until at least the early summer of 2014. The observed surface temperature anomalies were more than 4 standard deviations above normal. The model reproduced these anomalies in both a qualitative and quantitative manner, reproducing the same scale of anomalies over the region. An anomalous increase in the North Pacific Current (NPC) was found in the model in 2012 and the beginning of 2013, in agreement with observations. This increase in the NPC is associated with the positive phase of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. The causes of the temperature anomalies in the Gulf of Alaska could be due to three key factors: (i) an anomalously high, positive, surface heat flux in 2013 over the greater North Pacific; (ii) a significant decrease in the eastward flow of the NPC starting in late 2013 (with an accompanying decrease in cold water advection) after a period of historically strong eastward flow; and (iii) weaker winds throughout most of 2013 accompanied, however, by a shift to stronger northward winds (with an accompanying increase in warm water advection) in late 2013. 相似文献
15.
T. Ben-Gai A. Bitan A. Manes P. Alpert S. Rubin 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1998,61(3-4):177-190
Summary Annual and monthly rainfall totals in Israel were analyzed to reveal any long term changes in their temporal and spatial
distribution patterns, since the 1930s. The data consists of 60 rainfall stations, spread all over Israel from the far North to the Negev desert in the South, with long-term records of rainfall
covering two normal periods. A gamma distribution function was fitted to the annual rainfall at each station for the two normal
periods, and the shape and scale parameters of the distribution, as well as their percentage changes during the last normal
period with respect to the first one, were analyzed.
The analysis of the annual distribution function parameters reveals some appreciable changes, that are statistically significant,
in the spatial rainfall distribution patterns in the southern, northern and central parts of the country. The most striking
feature is revealed in the South, where a more than 60 percent increase in the shape parameter occurs, and a similar rate
of re-scaling, i.e. a decrease of about 40 percent in the scale parameter. Analysis of the monthly distributions revealed
considerable changes in October and November, at the beginning of the rainfall season, and an appreciable change in March,
at the end of the rainfall season.
Received December 10, 1997 Revised June 24, 1998 相似文献
16.
A monthly snow accumulation and melt model is used with gridded monthly temperature and precipitation data for the Northern Hemisphere to generate time series of March snow-covered area (SCA) for the period 1905 through 2002. The time series of estimated SCA for March is verified by comparison with previously published time series of SCA for the Northern Hemisphere. The time series of estimated Northern Hemisphere March SCA shows a substantial decrease since about 1970, and this decrease corresponds to an increase in mean winter Northern Hemisphere temperature. The increase in winter temperature has caused a decrease in the fraction of precipitation that occurs as snow and an increase in snowmelt for some parts of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly the mid-latitudes, thus reducing snow packs and March SCA. In addition, the increase in winter temperature and the decreases in SCA appear to be associated with a contraction of the circumpolar vortex and a poleward movement of storm tracks, resulting in decreased precipitation (and snow) in the low- to mid-latitudes and an increase in precipitation (and snow) in high latitudes. If Northern Hemisphere winter temperatures continue to warm as they have since the 1970s, then March SCA will likely continue to decrease. 相似文献
17.
中国东部夏季气候20世纪80年代后期的年代际转型及其可能成因 总被引：27，自引：7，他引：20
指出了中国东部夏季气候在20世纪80年代末出现了一次明显的年代际气候转型.伴随着这次年代际转型,80年代末以后中国东部南方地区降水明显增多,500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压西伸且南北范围变大,西北太平洋上空850 hPa反气旋增强.中国东部夏季80年代后期出现南方多雨的年代际转型与欧亚大陆春季积雪、西北太平洋夏季海面温度的年代际变化存在密切联系,它们也都在80年代末出现年代际转型.从80年代末以后,伴随着欧亚大陆春季积雪明显减少和西北太平洋夏季海面温度明显增高,中国夏季南方降水明显增加.文中分析了欧亚大陆春季积雪和西北太平洋夏季海面温度影响中国降水的物理过程,指出欧亚大陆春季积雪能够在500 hPa激发出大气中的遥相关波列,所激发出的波列可以从春季一直持续到夏季,造成中国北方为高压控制,南方为微弱低压控制,使得降水出现在中国南方.西北太平洋夏季海面温度的升高能够减小海陆热力差异,使得夏季风减弱,导致中国南方地区降水增多. 相似文献
18.
2011年11月大气环流主要特征是：北半球极涡呈单极性分布,主体位于北极圈内,强度和常年同期接近。中高纬呈4波型,其中欧洲大槽强度较常年偏强,位置偏东;东亚大槽强度偏弱,且位置偏东,这不利于引导冷空气影响我国,月内我国出现了5次主要的冷空气过程,11月全国平均气温为3.9℃,比常年同期（2.1℃）偏高1.8℃。南支槽位于100°E附近,强度接近常年,副高的位置偏西,有利西南暖湿空气向我国的输送。11月,我国出现6次主要的降水过程,全国平均降水量为28.3mm,较常年同期（18.0 mm）偏多57.3%,为近20年来的最大值。北方大部地区降水较常年偏多,其中西北地区东部、内蒙古南部、华北西部、江南东南部和华南中东部较常年同期偏多2倍以上。 相似文献
19.
利用耦合模式比较计划第5阶段(CMIP5)提供的18个全球气候模式的模拟结果,预估了3种典型浓度路径(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5)下“一带一路”地区平均气候和极端气候的未来变化趋势。结果表明:在温室气体持续排放情景下,“一带一路”地区年平均气温在未来将会持续上升,升温幅度随温室气体浓度的增加而加大。在高温室气体排放情景(RCP8.5)下,到21世纪末期,平均气温将普遍升高5℃以上,其中北亚地区升幅最大,南亚和东南亚地区升幅最小。对于降水的变化,预估该区域大部分地区的年降水量将增加,其中西亚和北亚增加最为明显,而且在21世纪中期,RCP2.6情景下的增幅要比RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下的偏大,而在21世纪后期,RCP8.5情景下降水的增幅比RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下的偏大。未来极端温度也将呈升高的趋势,增温幅度高纬度地区大于低纬度地区、高排放情景大于低排放情景。而且在高纬度区域,极端低温的增暖幅度要大于极端高温的增幅。连续干旱日数在北亚和东亚总体呈现减少趋势,而在其他地区则呈增加趋势。极端强降水在“一带一路”区域总体上将增强,增强最明显的地区位于南亚、东南亚和东亚。 相似文献
20.
利用1951-2000年全国194站地面观测资料和高空观测资料,对近50年我国西部地区的气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明:从20世纪70年代开始,我国西部地区年平均气温呈上升趋势,其中河套区和新疆区气温上升最为明显,其次为青藏高原区和河西区,西南区气温增幅最不明显,地表温度变化与气温的变化基本同步,但地温变化要比气温变化更加剧烈一些。西南区的地温从70年代中期开始回升,但始终未达到50年代初期的水平,因此从线性变化上表现为下降趋势。西部地区除了河套区外,其他4个区的年平均降水量均增加,增加最明显的是新疆区和青藏高原区。我国整个西部地区年平均总云量和低云量均呈线性减少趋势,减少最明显的是西南区和河套区。在辐射变化上,我国西部总辐射呈减少趋势,青藏高原区减少最多;西南区的散射辐射呈增加趋势,其他4个区减少,其中新疆区和青藏高原区散射辐射减幅明显。散射辐射的大小与天空中云量和气溶胶含量的多少成正比,西南区散射辐射呈增加趋势,而总云量和低云量呈下降趋势,可以推测是气溶胶含量增加导致了散射辐射的增加。 相似文献