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1.
Origin of polyhalite deposits in the Zechstein (Upper Permian) Zdrada platform (northern Poland) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Polyhalite deposits in the Zechstein (Upper Permian) of northern Poland occur in the Lower Werra Anhydrite. In the Zdrada Sulphate Platform, the polyhalite appears to be a very early replacement of anhydrite. The replacement was caused by the halite-precipitating brines which contained potassium and magnesium ions. The formation of polyhalite was preceded by the syndepositional anhydritization of the original gypsum deposit which has often preserved its primary textures. This anhydritization on the platform and its slopes was a reaction of the precipitated gypsum in a hydrologically open evaporite basin, with brines of salt basins adjacent to the sulphate platform. These brines, when nearly saturated with respect to halite, and potassium and magnesium rich, reacted with anhydrite to precipitate polyhalite along the slopes of the Zdrada Platform. The oxygen and sulphur isotopic compositions of sulphate evaporites indicate that marine solutions were the only source of sulphate ions supplied to the Zechstein basin, and that anhydrite was transformed to polyhalite by reaction with marine brines more concentrated than those that precipitated precursor calcium sulphate minerals. 相似文献
2.
四川盆地三叠系杂卤石形成条件的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
四川盆地三叠系杂卤石有很大一部分产于硬石膏层中,与硬石膏互层。在许多杂卤石产出层位,缺失钾镁盐甚至石盐等易溶盐类。上述现象用已有的研究资料难以解释。本文通过100多个实验点的平衡实验,研究了35℃ K—Na—Mg—Ca—SO_4—Cl—H_2O六元海水体系中,NaCl及K、Mg盐均不饱和条件下杂卤石形成的可能性。与饱和溶液相比,不饱和溶液中杂卤石稳定区收缩。但在饱和溶液被稀释将近1倍时,杂卤石仍有一定的稳定范围。 在实验研究的基础上分析了四川盆地三叠系含杂卤石剖面的成因。由于成盐期卤水频繁地被淡化,形成“石膏——石盐+钾镁盐——石膏”沉积韵律。成岩作用中盐层遭受来自石膏层的水的溶滤。在石膏层较厚,盐层较薄的层段,石盐和钾镁盐可被全部溶掉,形成对NaCl及K、Mg盐均不饱和的液体。当这种对易溶盐类不饱和的液体进入膏层,部分K、Mg组分就能与CaSO_4结合生成杂卤石被保留下来,形成现在所看到的“硬石膏一杂卤石——硬石膏”剖面。 相似文献
3.
广安构造作为四川盆地重要的隐伏含钾构造之一,下—中三叠统雷口坡组—嘉陵江组杂卤石广泛发育。前人对杂卤石的找钾启示研究较少,杂卤石是否是易溶性钾盐的找矿标志尚无定论。本文通过野外调查、老井复查,结合广安构造ZK1井测录井、岩心样品测试等资料开展杂卤石地质条件及找钾启示研究,以期为广安地区下一步钾盐勘探开发提供参考。ZK1井钻遇杂卤石矿（化）层6层,单层厚度最大为7.03 m,累计厚度可达11.21 m。杂卤石主要呈块状、浸染状与硬石膏共生,少量条带状、簇状、星点状。镜下可见杂卤石呈板状、纤维状、它形粒状、放射状、团块状等。含钾剖面序列为“硬石膏—杂卤石—硬石膏”,KCl最高品位22.9%,平均品位14.57%,石盐层不发育。研究认为ZK1井杂卤石以后生交代成因为主,少量原生成因。在靠近盐湖中心区域,硬石膏层相对较薄的凹陷地段,很可能是易溶性钾盐的找矿突破点。 相似文献
4.
Polyhalite is mainly solid mineral potassium in Sichuan Basin, The most of polyhalite layer in Sichuan region is impurity, and usually accompanied by layers of gypsum, anhydrite, rock salt, and even deposited in the same layer. Conventional logging interpretation method can only roughly identificate polyhalite layers. Based on the theory of Support Vector Machine and logging interpretation methods,this paper creates prediction model with the input of logging curves, and discriminates the polyhalite reservoirs in the lower-middle Triassic strata. Compared with logging data, the accuracy rate of the discrimination results reaches 90%. According to the prediction model, identification model can be established with the curve features of polyhalite to discriminate pure polyhalite reservoirs, gypsiferous polyhalite reservoirs and polyhalite-gypsum reservoirs, the accuracy rate is 91.78%. The study demonstrates that Support Vector Machine is superior to the method of logging interpretation, and it has broad prospects in potash exploration. 相似文献
5.
作为钾肥的主要来源之一,杂卤石矿藏具有旺盛的需求。我国川东北地区三叠系海相地层中,杂卤石矿藏发育。但该地区杂卤石矿体埋藏较深、分布散乱,勘探难度极大。为降低开发成本,需要充分借助地震资料的优势,为钾盐储层的描述提供钻前支持。针对该地区杂卤石层地震反射特征复杂、常规波阻抗反演方法难以直接预测的问题,本文引入人工智能算法对地震资料进行数据挖掘。本方法首先通过模糊粗糙集属性约简,提取适合富钾地层表征的敏感地震属性;然后以极限学习机为数据挖掘工具,自主学习敏感地震属性和井中实测钾含量曲线的非线性映射关系,形成了基于极限学习机的杂卤石预测方法。应用结果证明:利用极限学习机人工智能方法成功地对川东北地区的杂卤石进行了预测,取得了预期的地质效果,为该地区利用地震数据探寻杂卤石提供了一条新的勘探思路。 相似文献
6.
Shiyuan Li 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(16):680
Many salt bodies contain large rock inclusions (called stringers) such as carbonate or anhydrite bodies. Mostly, large rock inclusions embedded in salt bodies have different ways of movement and deformation, including displacement, folding and fracturing. A finite element model with adaptive remeshing has been built for downbuilding simulation. The standard model set-up is constrained by observations from the South Oman Salt Basin. Based on the generic model in the previous research which shows the fracture, overtrusting or folding deformation during downbuilding process, a sensitivity study has been conducted on the numerical model of the deformation and displacement of brittle rock bodies, including the parameters such as the initial depth and the distance between them. The results of simulation are analyzed based on the data from SOSB and Zechstein salt basin. The study shows that the frequency of the break and the size of stringer fragments are strongly affected by the initial depth and thickness of stringers and the basement configuration. 相似文献
7.
钾盐主要用于农业中钾肥的生产,中国是钾盐消费和进口大国,但中国钾资源少、产量低,因此钾盐勘探对中国粮食安全有重要意义。四川盆地是中国找钾的重要区域,文章运用岩芯样品、测井等资料,通过X射线粉晶衍射、元素含量测试等实验对宣达地区中、下三叠统嘉陵江组-雷口坡组含盐系典型矿物特征及岩石测井响应特征进行分析,并基于测井解释方法原理对杂卤石进行识别。结果表明,研究区钾盐矿物包括氯化盐矿物、硫酸盐矿物、碳酸盐矿物3类,固态钾盐矿物主要为杂卤石,常与石盐、硬石膏共存,具有高电阻率、高密度、高伽马、高K的特征,主要分布于T1j4-2、T1j5-2层段。 相似文献
8.
The evaporitic Hessian Zechstein Basin is a sub‐basin of the Southern Zechstein Basin, situated at its southern margin. Twelve facies groups were identified in the Zechstein Limestone and Lower Werra Anhydrite in order to better understand the sequence‐stratigraphic evolution of this sub‐basin, which contains economically important potassium salts. Four different paleogeographic depositional areas were recognized based on the regional distribution of facies. Siliciclastic‐carbonate, carbonate, carbonate‐evaporite and evaporite shallowing‐upward successions are developed. These allow the establishment of parasequences and sequences, as well as correlation throughout the Hessian Basin and into the Southern Zechstein Basin. Two depositional sequences are distinguished, Zechstein sequence 1 and Zechstein sequence 2. The former comprises the succession from the Variscan basement up to the lowermost part of the Werra Anhydrite, including the Kupferschiefer as part of the transgressive systems tract. The highstand systems tract is defined by the Zechstein Limestone, in which two parasequences are developed. In large parts of the Hessian Basin, Zechstein sequence 1 is capped by a karstic, subaerial exposure surface, interpreted as recording a type‐1 sequence boundary that formed during a distinct brine level fall. Low‐lying central areas (Central Hessian Sub‐basin, Werra Sub‐basin), however, were not exposed and show a correlative conformity. Topography was minimal at the end of sequence 1. Widely developed perilittoral, sabkha and salina shallowing‐upward successions indicate a renewed rise of brine level (interpreted as a transgressive systems tract), because of inflow of preconcentrated brines from the Southern Zechstein Basin to the north. This marks the initiation of Zechstein sequence 2, which comprises most of the Lower Werra Anhydrite. In the Central Hessian Sub‐basin, situated proximal to the brine inflow and on the ridges within the Hessian Basin, physico‐chemical conditions were well suited for sulphate precipitation to form a thick cyclic succession. It consists of four parasequences that completely filled the increased accommodation space. In contrast, only minor sulphate accumulation occurred in the Werra Sub‐basin, situated further southwards and distal to the inflow. As a result of substantially different sulphate precipitation rates during increased accommodation, water depth in the region became more variable. The Werra Sub‐basin, characterized by very low sedimentation rates, became increasingly deeper through time, trapping dense halite brines and precipitating rock salt deposits (Werra Halite). This ‘self‐organization’ model for an evaporitic basin, in which depositional relief evolves with sedimentation and relief is filled by evaporite thereafter, contradicts earlier interpretations, that call upon the existence of a tectonic depression in the Werra area, which controlled sedimentation from the beginning of the Zechstein. 相似文献
9.
The basinal facies of the Lopingian Zechstein Limestone in SW Poland consists of thin (often less than 1 m thick) limestones and/or dolomites, often containing the Kupferschiefer (few tens of centimetres thick) at their base, and local thick (up to 90 m) reefal carbonates. The δ13C curve of these basal Zechstein deposits strongly suggests that even when the Kupferschiefer is lacking, the thin (condensed) sequences record the entire interval of the Zechstein prior to the onset of evaporite deposition, in contrast to the thick reef sequences which lack the characteristic δ13C curve for the lowermost part of the Zechstein. The calcite samples show considerable ranges of δ18O values. If the maximum δ18O values are considered to be the closest to the pristine original ones and if δ18Owater value = 0 is assumed, then the calculated range of palaeotemperatures for the Kupferschiefer and Zechstein Limestone calcite ranges from 19 to 34 °C. The faunal restriction, common dwarf foraminifers and the predominance of lagenids in the foraminiferal assemblage indicate continual dysaerobic conditions and possibly elevated salinity of seawater during deposition of thin basinal Zechstein Limestone deposits. The mixing of shallow and deeper waters in the stratified Zechstein Basin caused by upwelling could result in prolific carbonate precipitation in reefs located at the slope of the marginal carbonate platform of the Zechstein Limestone and in isolated reefs related to palaeohighs within the basin; however, there is no isotopic record of eventual upwelling. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖含杂卤石地层高分辨率矿物学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖杂卤石资源丰富,是开展现代内陆盐湖杂卤石成因机制研究的良好载体.精细刻画沉积特征对阐释沉积矿床成因具有重要作用.本研究以昆特依盐湖大盐滩矿区ZK3608钻孔岩芯14.08-25.48 m段碎屑-杂卤石沉积韵律为研究对象,开展高分辨率矿物学研究,结合石盐流体包裹体化学组成和石盐中微量元素分析,尝试从高分辨率沉积学和矿物学的角度探讨杂卤石的成因.研究结果显示,石盐层产出的杂卤石含量低但分布范围广,为原生矿物;碎屑层中的杂卤石主要为次生矿物.石盐层与碎屑层之间存在一个过渡层位,该层位的杂卤石高度富集且矿物组成复杂,推测是由于原生与准同生杂卤石短时间内先后形成导致的.结合石盐流体包裹体化学组成所代表的古卤水变化特征分析表明,Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水的补给对研究区不同时期杂卤石的形成有重要影响.地球化学特征综合分析指示,石盐层的原生杂卤石由富钾镁的浓缩卤水与Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水混合直接生成;而过渡层位的杂卤石受到气候变化与Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水补给的共同作用. 相似文献
11.
The Late Permian Zechstein Group in northeastern Germany is characterized by shelf and slope carbonates that rimmed a basin extending from eastern England through the Netherlands and Germany to Poland. Conventional reservoirs are found in grainstones rimming islands created by pre-existing paleohighs and platform-rimming shoals that compose steep margins in the north and ramp deposits in the southern part. The slope and basin deposits are characterized by debris flows and organic-rich mudstones. Lagoonal and basinal evaporites formed the seal for these carbonate and underlying sandstone reservoirs. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate potential unconventional reservoirs in organic-rich, fine-grained and/or tight mudrocks in slope and basin as well as platform carbonates occurring in this stratigraphic interval. Therefore, a comprehensive study was conducted that included sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, petrography, and geochemistry. Sequence stratigraphic correlations from shelf to basin are crucial in establishing a framework that allows correlation of potential productive facies in fine-grained, organic-rich basinal siliceous and calcareous mudstones or interfingering tight carbonates and siltstones, ranging from the lagoon, to slope to basin, which might be candidates for forming an unconventional reservoir. Most organic-rich shales worldwide are associated with eustatic transgressions. The basal Zechstein cycles, Z1 and Z2, contain organic-rich siliceous and calcareous mudstones and carbonates that form major transgressive deposits in the basin. Maturities range from over–mature (gas) in the basin to oil-generation on the slope with variable TOC contents. This sequence stratigraphic and sedimentologic evaluation of the transgressive facies in the Z1 and Z2 assesses the potential for shale-gas/oil and hybrid unconventional plays. Potential unconventional reservoirs might be explored in laminated organic-rich mudstones within the oil window along the northern and southern slopes of the basin. Although the Zechstein Z1 and Z2 cycles might have limited shale-gas potential because of low thickness and deep burial depth to be economic at this point, unconventional reservoir opportunities that include hybrid and shale-oil potential are possible in the study area. 相似文献
12.
In the Hallstatt salt mine (Austria), polyhalite rocks occur in 0.5–1 m thick and several metre long tectonic lenses within the protocataclasite to protomylonite matrix of the Alpine Haselgebirge Fm.. Thin section analysis of Hallstatt polyhalites reveals various fabric types similar to metamorphic rocks of crust-forming minerals, e.g. quartz and feldspar. Polyhalite microfabrics from Hallstatt include: (1) polyhalite mylonites, (2) metamorphic reaction fabrics, (3) vein-filling, fibrous polyhalite and (4) cavity-filling polyhalite. The polyhalite mylonites contain a wide range of shear fabrics commonly known in mylonitic quartzo–feldspathic shear zones within the ductile crust and developed from a more coarse-grained precursor rock. The mylonites are partly overprinted by recrystallised, statically grown polyhalite grains. Metamorphic reaction fabrics of polyhalite fibres between blödite (or astrakhanite) [Na2Mg(SO4)2.4H2O] and anhydrite have also been found. According to previous reports, blödite may occur primarily as nodules or intergrown with löweite. Reaction fabrics may have formed by exsolution, (re-)crystallisation, parallel growth or replacement. This fabric type was only found in one sample in relation with the decomposition of blödite at ca. 61 °C in the presence of halite or slightly above, testifying, therefore, a late stage prograde fabric significantly younger than the main polyhalite formation. 相似文献
13.
TADEUSZ MAREK PERYT 《Sedimentology》1994,41(1):83-113
The Lower Werra Anhydrite (Zechstein, Upper Permian) deposits of the teba area originated in a deep basin setting, in shallow to deep water conditions. Facies changes occur within small distances and suggest fluctuating boundaries between well defined basins and platforms. This pattern of local platforms and adjacent basins developed during deposition. In basinal areas, the sequence is clearly transgressive, whereas on platforms accumulation kept pace with subsidence after an initial transgression. Nodular anhydrite represents a polygenetic deposit which formed at different times with respect to deposition. Massive anhydrite with pseudomorphs after upright-growth gypsum crystals suggest rapid precipitation in a subaqueous environment and/or fluctuating, but generally high, salinity conditions. Massive clastic sulphate originated due to periodic high energy events and resedimentation, or due to brecciation possibly connected with salinity fluctuations and the dissolution of halite. Massive, textureless anhydrite is locally porous and passes upward into breccia, indicating a strongly saline environment. Bedded anhydrite is considered to form in shallow water environments and laminated anhydrite in deep water. Bedded anhydrites contain portions which are graded. Intercalations of sulphate turbidites and upright-growth gypsum suggest fluctuating water depths, with comparatively deep water during turbidite deposition, but shallower conditions during upright-growth gypsum deposition. The sequence observed in slope zones at platform-basin margins, detrital (parautochthonous) sulphate sand to graded beds to basinal laminites, indicates that redistribution processes were important. At the onset of the Lower Werra Anhydrite deposition bathymetric relief existed between the central part of the basin and its margins, where carbonate platforms remained subaerially exposed. Formation of local platforms and adjacent basins required a relatively high subsidence rate, as pre-existing relief cannot account for the total accumulated thickness of the Lower Werra Anhydrite deposits. One implication of this is that the main argument against ‘the shallow water - shallow basin’ evaporite basin model, i.e.,a very fast rate of subsidence, may not be valid for the Łeba Lower Werra Anhydrite basin. 相似文献
14.
川东北黄金口背斜三叠系深部杂卤石特征及成因探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
川东北早中三叠纪具备成盐成钾条件,黄金口背斜地区发现深部富钾卤水已经有近40年的历史,但是尚无对深层杂卤石的系统研究。近年,四川省启动了新一轮的找钾工作,并在黄金口背斜地区施工了钾盐探井,文章依托钻孔编录及测井资料,对该孔含盐系地层沉积特征进行了研究,并系统采集了3500 m以深的杂卤石、石盐、硬石膏等蒸发岩样品进行了分析测试。该孔杂卤石主要赋存于嘉陵江组五段二亚段与雷口坡组一段一亚段含盐地层中,可细分为4个成盐旋回,共发现杂卤石矿层8层,累计厚度33.5 m。该孔杂卤石主要呈薄层状产于硬石膏中,部分呈斑点状、团块状、薄层状产于石盐中,镜下呈半自形-他形粒状、板状、柱状结构,结合粉晶X衍射及扫描电镜观察,初步认为该孔杂卤石为原生沉积成因。 相似文献
15.
Main Structural Styles and Deformation Mechanisms in the Northern Sichuan Basin, Southern China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
The Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Leikoupo Formation are characterized by thick salt layers. Three tectono-stratigraphic sequences can be identified according to detachment layers of Lower-Middle Triassic salt beds in the northern Sichuan Basin, i.e. the sub-salt sequence composed of Sinian to the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, the salt sequence of the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation and Mid-Triassic Leikoupou Formation, and the supra-salt sequence composed of continental clastics of the Upper-Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Jurassic and Cretaceous. A series of specific structural styles, such as intensively deformed belt of basement-involved imbricated thrust belt, basement-involved and salt-detached superimposed deformed belt, buried salt-related detached belt, duplex, piling triangle zone and pop-up, developed in the northern Sichuan Basin. The relatively thin salt beds, associated with the structural deformation of the northern Sichuan Basin, might act as a large decollement layer. The deformation mechanisms in the northern Sichuan Basin included regional compression and shortening, plastic flow and detachment, tectonic upwelling and erosion, gravitational sliding and spreading. The source rocks in the northern Sichuan Basin are strata underlying the salt layer, such as the Cambrian, Silurian and Permian. The structural deformation related to the Triassic salt controlled the styles of traps for hydrocarbon. The formation and development of hydrocarbon traps in the northern Sichuan Basin might have a bearing upon the Lower-Middle Triassic salt sequences which were favorable to the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The salt layers in the Lower-Middle Triassic formed the main cap rocks and are favorable for the accumulation and preservation of hydrocarbon. 相似文献
16.
新疆莎车盆地发育大范围的蒸发岩。蒸发岩沉积与海侵-海退密切相关,自晚白垩世—渐新世以来,莎车盆地至少有5次小规模海侵-海退旋回,除阿尔塔什组石膏岩为断续海侵期沉积外,其余基本为海退期沉积。莎车盆地主要的蒸发岩沉积层位为吐依洛克组上段及阿尔塔什组。野外调查显示,吐依洛克组石盐岩露头主要沿西昆仑山前呈长条状分布,基本呈透镜体,阿尔塔什组石膏岩露头则见于盆地大部分地区,包括西昆仑山前、南天山山前及麦盖提斜坡,横向上持续稳定。野外调查及室内分析显示,盐类矿物主要为石盐、石膏、硬石膏,少量杂卤石、钙芒硝及钾石膏。盆地中石盐岩透镜体在横向上的不连续性,可能反应了吐依洛克组沉积晚期西昆仑山前存在多个次级古盐湖凹地,在干旱条件下浓缩成盐,而次级古盐湖在演化过程中大范围巨厚石膏岩的缺失,可能与当时的海退时间极短有关。依据莎车盆地蒸发岩沉积特征、盐类矿物组合、古盐湖演化环境,推测盆地有利的成钾层位为吐依洛克组上段,在乌帕尔一带发现成钾显示,可能为有利的成钾区域;而盆地小范围、厚度不大的石盐沉积及埋藏深度大为不利的找钾因素。 相似文献
17.
The shortage of potassium salt seriously restricts the development of China's agriculture. Increasing the exploration and development of potash will help improve the self-sufficiency of potassium in China. With rich potassium salt resources, Sichuan basin is one of the most important research areas for potash exploration and development in China. Polyhalite is an important solid potassium salt mineral in Sichuan basin, often intercalated in rock minerals such as anhydrite, rock salt and dolomite. Aiming at the problem that conventional log interpretation methods are difficult to accurately identify polyhalites, this paper proposed a new Support Vector Machine (SVM) recognition method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to classify polyhalites in Sichuan basin. Based on particle swarm optimization and support vector machine theory, combined with logging interpretation theory, the effective data sensitive to polyhalite logging response were selected as input samples to generate training sets and test sets randomly. The Radial Basis Function (RBF) parameters were optimized by particle swarm optimization, and the classification and prediction model of polyhalite was established. Compared with mud logging results, the recognition accuracy of SVM model based on particle swarm optimization reached 97.5758%, which is obviously better than that of SVM model optimized by cross validation method in recognition accuracy and speed. The results show that the model has broad application prospects in potash exploration in Sichuan basin. 相似文献
18.
钾盐的紧缺严重制约了中国农业的发展,加大钾盐的勘探开发力度有助于提高我国钾盐的自给自足能力。四川盆地钾盐资源丰富,是我国目前重要的钾盐勘探开发研究区域之一。杂卤石作为四川盆地最重要的固态钾盐矿物,常夹杂在硬石膏、岩盐和白云岩等岩层中。针对常规测井解释方法难以精确识别杂卤石的问题,因此,提出一种新的基于粒子群算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)杂卤石识别方法开展四川盆地杂卤石的分类识别研究。以PSO和SVM理论为基础,结合测井解释方法,选择对杂卤石测井响应灵敏的有效数据作为输入样本,随机产生训练集和测试集,并采用PSO优选出径向基核函数参数,建立杂卤石分类预测模型。与录井结果对比,基于PSO的SVM模型识别准确率达到了97.5758%,在识别精度和速度上明显优于交叉验证方法优化的SVM模型。结果表明,该模型在四川盆地钾盐勘探中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
19.
Sealing of fluid pathways in overpressure cells: a case study from the Buntsandstein in the Lower Saxony Basin (NW Germany) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sofie Nollet Christoph Hilgers Janos Urai 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(5-6):1039-1055
We studied veins in the Triassic Buntsandstein of the Lower Saxony Basin (NW Germany) with the aim of quantifying the evolution
of in-situ stress, fluids and material transport. Different generations of veins are observed. The first generation formed
in weakly consolidated rocks without a significant increase in fracture permeability and was filled syntectonically with fibrous
calcite and blocky to elongate-blocky quartz. The stable isotopic signature (δ18O and δ13C) indicates that the calcite veins precipitated from connate water at temperatures of 55–122°C. The second vein generation
was syntectonically filled with blocky anhydrite, which grew in open fractures. Fluid inclusions indicate that the anhydrite
veins precipitated at a minimum temperature of 150°C from hypersaline brines. Based on δ34S measurements, the source of the sulphate was found in the underlying Zechstein evaporites. The macro- and microstructures
indicate that all veins were formed during subsidence and that the anhydrite veins were formed under conditions of overpressure,
generated by inflation rather than non-equilibrium compaction. The large amount of fluids which are formed by the dehydrating
gypsum in the underlying Zechstein and are released into the Buntsandstein during progressive burial form a likely source
of overpressures and the anhydrite forming fluids. 相似文献
20.
B. Ayling J. Huntington B. Smith D. Edwards 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(8):1069-1085
The Georgina Basin is a Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic basin that spans parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland in northern Australia. The basin is prospective for petroleum, phosphate and base metals (copper, lead and zinc). The Dulcie and Toko synclines in the southern part of the basin are prospective for petroleum, where a thick Cambro-Ordovician succession of marine carbonates hosts several source rocks and associated oil and gas shows. The key source rock units occur within the middle Cambrian Narpa Group, including both the Thorntonia Limestone (Series 2 and 3) and the Arthur Creek Formation (Series 3). The base of the Arthur Creek Formation is characterised by organic-rich ‘hot’ shales (associated with a prominent gamma spike in well logs) that have been targeted by petroleum explorers for both conventional and unconventional oil and gas. For this study, hyperspectral logging data collected by HyLogger? instruments were evaluated from 13 wells in the southern Georgina Basin, including petroleum, mineral and stratigraphic wells. Formation boundaries are commonly (but not always) characterised by distinctive changes in mineralogy, as determined by spectral and X-ray diffraction data. Key source rock units in the southern Georgina Basin were characterised and mapped in terms of their mineralogy, and other spectral properties (e.g. Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) reflectance and spectral contrast). Interpretation of the hyperspectral data alongside wireline log data supports the differentiation of two successions within the Arthur Creek Formation that are each characterised by basal organic-rich shales, previously distinguished on the basis of biostratigraphic and well-log data. The older succession in the Dulcie Syncline is spectrally characterised as being quartz and carbonate dominated. The younger succession, distributed across the eastern part of the Dulcie Syncline and fully across the Toko Syncline, is spectrally characterised as quartz and carbonate dominated, with variable white-mica contributions. Key associations are observed between the HyLogger mineralogy and geophysical-log data. Peaks in the gamma log intensity in the middle Cambrian sediments commonly correspond to elevated measured total organic carbon contents, decreased carbonate contribution, SWIR reflectance and spectral contrast, and relatively increased proportions of white micas and quartz. This study demonstrates that HyLogging data can provide an improved understanding of the sedimentological, mineralogical and diagenetic characteristics, as well as associated spatial heterogeneity, of prospective hydrocarbon formations in sedimentary basins. 相似文献