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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(2)
高频地波雷达对海上目标跟踪探测时,由于距离和方位角分辨率低且受到随机噪声的干扰,导致对目标位置探测不准确,形成的航迹会偏离目标的真实位置,影响跟踪的准确性。针对这个问题,结合海上特定目标跟踪的实际,本文从航迹的角度出发,基于对距离和方位角误差时间序列的统计建模,提出了一种基于同步船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)信息的高频地波雷达海上目标航迹校正方法。在高频地波雷达与AIS同步跟踪期间,采用统计回归的方法建立目标距离和方位角误差的校正模型;在高频地波雷达独立跟踪时,利用得到的模型分别对距离和方位角进行校正。利用实测高频地波雷达目标探测数据进行了航迹校正实验,校正后距离和方位角的均方根误差分别减少了约90%和75%,航迹跟踪效果得到了显著改善。 相似文献
2.
雷达回波谱中的噪声和目标回波会对二阶谱的提取造成困难。基于地波雷达海面回波谱特性,提出了一种采用距离-多普勒谱(RD谱)轮廓线结合一阶和二阶谱特点的二阶谱提取方法。此方法可以通过计算机自动实现对二阶谱的提取,有利于大批数据的分析和工程化系统的实时处理。利用该方法对典型实测雷达回波数据进行了处理和分析。结果表明,RD谱轮廓线能够反映一阶谱和二阶谱的特征,并且不易受噪声和目标的影响;从RD谱轮廓线获得的二阶谱分界点,可以为一维多普勒回波谱中的二阶谱提取提供参考,能够较好地避免由于目标和噪声的影响而导致的二阶谱边界误判问题,准确地分离二阶谱。 相似文献
3.
高频地波雷达的“距离-多普勒”(Range-Doppler, R-D)数据与“恒虚警率”(Constant False-Alarm-Rate, CFAR)检测结果数据存在非直观性的问题, 本文针对此问题, 分析了地波雷达回波数据特点以及结果形式, 研究了采用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)技术对回波数据进行显示分析, 对R-D 与CFAR 检测结果进行表达, 实现高频数据在GIS 环境下的表达处理与显示。本文采用GIS的栅格表达“距离-多普勒”数据, 采用矢量数据结构表达CFAR 检测结果, 实现了地波雷达检测信息的直观显示; 研究了高频地波雷达数据中特定距离一维谱信号的提取, 实现了基于距离值的目标CFAR 检测查询; 针对雷达数据量大、处理时间长的问题, 采用多线程处理机制实现了高效实时显示和分析。 相似文献
4.
本文根据射频干扰的来源和特性构造出其基本的理论模型,并结合数据处理流程从理论上分析了射频干扰在方位-距离-多普勒域的特性,得出了在不同距离上,射频干扰具有强相关性;而在不同方位上,射频干扰具有同频但不同幅的特点。基于此分析,在实际工程应用中,分析常规射频干扰抑制方法的不足,为减少干扰抑制过程对目标信息的影响,提出了包括回波信号方向分解、射频干扰估计与抑制、幅值合成三个步骤。通过仿真和实测数据对算法进行了验证,并与常规抑制方法进行对比,结果显示该方法对射频干扰具有良好的抑制效果,有效提高了被射频干扰覆盖的目标点的信干比。 相似文献
5.
本文对现有的高频地波雷达目标跟踪方法进行了概述,提出了一种地波雷达目标长时连续跟踪的方法,基本思想是:充分挖掘航迹弧段特征,基于特征对船只运动建模,并结合杂波背景进行融合决策。进一步,为了达到长时间连续跟踪的需求,借鉴深度学习的思想,利用新获取的弧段数据对算法估计结果不断递归校正,使得随着获取数据的增加跟踪越准确。该方法适用于杂波环境且在航道附近存在众多干扰船只的情况下对机动目标航迹的实时稳定跟踪,为高频地波雷达在复杂干扰环境下特定目标持续跟踪提供理论基础和方法指导,为充分发挥地波雷达在海上监视监测中的作用提供技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
高频地波雷达是海上目标大范围连续跟踪探测的有效手段,在其探测结果中,目标的距离是一个重要的参数,其探测精度会影响目标的整体探测性能。本文给出了地波雷达目标距离参数的估计方法和处理流程,并基于地波雷达实测数据开展了目标距离估计及距离-速度耦合补偿处理,将目标距离参数估计结果与实测船舶自动识别系统数据开展了比对,统计分析了目标距离参数在补偿处理前后的误差及其影响因素。结果表明,目标距离参数经过耦合补偿处理之后,测距误差明显减小,测距精度得到了显著提高,最后结合个例分析,给出了距离补偿大小和正负与目标航向的关系。 相似文献
7.
在对海洋监视监测的过程中,高频地波雷达的船只目标检测能力与其对海杂波的抑制能力密切相关。但是,传统海杂波时域抑制方法存在目标回波参数与海杂波相近时难以区分其各自分量,对消时目标被误消除的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种适用于高频地波雷达海杂波的边界约束循环对消方法。该方法综合海杂波频移理论和实际海杂波特性分析制定出边界条件,约束建模对消过程,实现海杂波分量的抑制。实测地波雷达数据和船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据检验的结果表明,本文方法克服了传统方法的不足且信杂比改善更加稳定,能够更加有效地实现海杂波循环对消。 相似文献
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9.
2007年在朱家尖和嵊山布设了小型阵变频高频地波雷达,对共同覆盖范围内的舟山海域进行风、浪、流的业务化探测。2015年7月11日,1509号台风灿鸿在朱家尖沿海登陆,之后继续向北偏东方向移动,台风中心经过高频地波雷达探测海域。本文将台风期间高频地波雷达的探测数据分别与定点浮标观测数据和ASCAT卫星遥感大面积风场数据进行了对比分析。结果表明,高频地波雷达在台风期间较好地反映了舟山海域流场特征和风场分布情况,高频地波雷达的探测数据精度满足指标要求,验证了高频地波雷达在复杂海况条件下具有合格的探测性能。 相似文献
10.
恒虚警(CFAR)检测是地波雷达船只目标探测的主要方法。目前基于船舶自动识别系统(AIS)信息的CFAR检测验证方法是一种间接验证方式,容易受地波雷达系统测向误差的影响,且不具备对错检与漏检目标的分析能力。本文提出了一种基于AIS信息的评价地波雷达CFAR检测结果的直接验证方法。该方法将有效的AIS信息转换到地波雷达的距离-多普勒谱中,通过在该谱中AIS信息与CFAR检测结果的关联分析,实现CFAR检测结果的直接评价。论文首先给出了方法的原理和处理流程,然后利用实测数据给出了该方法在CFAR检测结果评价中的实际应用,验证了方法有效性,而且该方法也为低可观测目标的CFAR检测提供了参数优化调整的依据。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
15.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
17.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
18.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
19.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
20.