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黄河孕育了中华民族5000年的灿烂文明,是中华民族的“母亲河”。扎陵湖和鄂陵湖作为黄河源头最大的一对“姊妹湖”,造就了黄河汹涌东去、一泻千里的宏伟壮观,然而自2003年12月以来,黄河源头鄂陵湖出水口出现历史上首次断流。 相似文献
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兰州黄河阶地最新研究结果表明,在兰州地区已经总共发现九级黄河阶地。其中第五级小沙沟阶地（T5）是在原来发现的黄河五一山阶地和黄河墩洼山阶地之间新发现的一级阶地,但是第五级小沙沟阶地的形成时代是根据上覆黄土的古土壤序列和阶地关系推断得来的,一直没有进行绝对年代测定。通过对阶地河漫滩及其之上覆盖的风成黄土的磁性地层研究,结合黄土古土壤序列轨道调谐年龄,确定兰州地区黄河第五级（T5）阶地的形成时代为0.96 Ma。T5阶地年龄的确定使兰州地区获得了一个有完整年代的黄河阶地序列,是对兰州黄河阶地发育模式证据的补充。 相似文献
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高邮历史悠久。早在六七千年前,就有先民在这块土地上繁衍生息。秦王嬴政时筑高台置邮亭,故名高邮,别称秦邮,又称盂城。是全国两千多个县市中唯一以"邮"命名的城市。汉武帝时建高邮县,属广陵国。北宋至清代初期,历置高邮军、承州、高邮路、高邮府、高邮州,领辖过高邮、兴化、宝应三县,为扬淮间繁华之地。乾隆年间改为散州。民国初年废州为县。中华人民共和国成立后,高邮、宝应、兴化三县交界地区几经调整。1991年高邮撤县设市。高邮是江苏省首批历史文化名城,人文景点众多,现在有国家重点文物保护单位龙虬文化遗址和古盂城驿等59处名胜古迹… 相似文献
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扎陵湖、鄂陵湖对黄河源头年径流的影响 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
黄河源头扎陵湖、鄂陵湖为吞吐湖泊，是黄河源头二大主要湖泊。对黄河源头年径流具有滞蓄、调节作用。利用黄河源头控制站黄河沿站和下游吉迈、唐乃亥、循化3个测站水文资料，依据年径流在地区上的变化特点，分析了扎、鄂二湖对黄河源头径流影响。①扎、鄂二湖滞蓄，改变了源头径流年内分配，使其均匀化；②在枯水年份，入湖水量小，加上湖面强烈蒸发，使得湖泊以下黄河沿站年径流量更小，致使枯水程度加剧，加大了年径流年际变化；③黄河沿站与下游吉迈站年径流丰、平、枯程度对比分析，二站丰、平、枯水年同步出现机率为78．8％，扎、鄂二湖没有改变源头黄河沿站年径流丰、枯规律，是年调节湖泊，不是多年调节湖泊。 相似文献
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南四湖演变过程及其背景分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
建立在前人研究的基础上,对南四湖演变过程及其背景进行了分析,指出四湖成因及演变过程有所不同。昭阳湖演变由大到小而微山湖则相反,独山湖应运而生,南阳湖因下游淤塞而成,它们的演变与黄河泛滥、运河的改道及人工对运河的运作关系密切。 相似文献
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黄河中下游水沙变化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文论述由于黄河上游清水区水资源的优先开发,中上游地区工农业用水的增长,而黄河中游地区的水土保持和支流治理的减沙作用不甚明显,龙羊峡水库投入运用后,汛期进入河口镇的水量大幅度减少,使汛期进入黄河下游的基流减小含沙量增加,高含沙洪水出现的机会增多.面临水少沙多的不利情况,应加强宽浅河道的改造及利用窄深河道输送高含沙水流的研究. 相似文献
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昆明草海晚更新世硅藻植物群及其环境演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对草海2号孔硅藻植物群生态演化及沉积特征的研究,将草海晚更新世划分为十个硅藻带和五个环境演化段落,说明5万年以来草海经历了由河流三角洲—中深湖滨—浅湖—沼泽的发展过程,在距今4.4万年时,滇池湖达到高潮,以后一直湖退,其中距今2.8万年左右由于河口砂坝的发展而形成海埂,使草海与滇池相对隔离而进入一个独立发展阶段,并加快了草海沼泽化进程。从气候上看,5万年以来,草海也经历了凉—暖—凉—温的两次周期性变化。 相似文献
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老挝万象平原的钾镁盐矿主要赋存在塔贡组下段膏盐岩亚段(E1 tg1-1)中。经对6条实测剖面、53个钻孔的岩石组合、沉积构造、岩石特征、地层厚度分析,塔贡组下段(E1 tg1)岩相古地理具如下特征:①含钾地层可划分为半深湖亚相、浅湖亚相、滨湖亚相、湖泊三角洲亚相。滨湖亚相可进一步划分出内带和外带;②钾镁盐矿产于半深湖亚相、浅湖亚相、湖泊三角洲亚相中,前者厚度较大;③万象成钾盆地为东深西浅的不对称盆地,盆地的古地理特征与现在的万象平原较为相似;④在沉积过程中,盆地基底由持续下降到逐步趋于稳定,卤水由逐步浓缩到迅速淡化,古气候由持续干燥炎热到湿热多雨,水体由弱还原向弱氧化环境变迁。 相似文献
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The blocking or reversing effect of the downstream trunk river on its tributary lakes is an essential aspect of river-lake hydraulics. To measure how and the extent to which a trunk river can influence its tributary lakes, we made a case study in Changjiang River and one of its tributary lakes, Lake East Dongting (Lake ED) during a 35-year study period (1980–2014). Specifically, we investigated Lake ED’s discharge ability into Changjiang River using stage-discharge relationship curves, and hence the changes of the lake discharge ability under different hydrologic conditions of the Changjiang River. The results show that (1) the Changjiang River does exert a huge impact on the water regimes of Lake ED. And this impact varies seasonally. A variation of 3000 m3/s in Changjiang River’s runoff would change the lake water level by about 1.1 m in dry seasons, by 0.4 m in wet seasons, and by 0.6 m during severe summer floods. (2) Changes in the Changjiang River runoff triggered by the Three Gorges Dam since 2003 have led to dramatic water regime variations in Lake ED. Other factors, including reduction of lake inflow and the lake bed erosion, also exacerbated the water regime variations in Lake ED. 相似文献
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现在的洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不断淤高,致使淮河中游洪涝不断。入洪泽湖后淮河水主要流入长江。而苏北北部地区需要水,因入海泥沙数量太少而致海岸侵蚀问题不能根本解决,那里需要淮河的泥沙。为改变这种不合理的格局。在洪泽湖北岸和浅水区开挖与洪泽湖分离的河道,连接完成远期工程的淮河入海水道和拓宽、挖深的淮沭河—北六塘河—新沂河水道,使淮河水沙只经过这两条水道到达黄海,改变淮河水沙不合理的资源分配。新水道路程短,比降大,使洪泽湖和淮河中游河道不再淤高,并将进一步使淮河中游水道刷深,减轻淮河中游洪涝灾害,并为洪泽湖湖底高程降低创造条件。通过分析现在淮河的输沙量、输沙模数,与历史时期和其他流域对比,认为连云港至射阳河口这段海岸将改变为北部稳定,南部缓慢进积,形成新的淮河三角洲,彻底解决苏北海岸侵蚀问题。 相似文献
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高宝诸湖位于江苏省中部,紧邻大运河西岸,是淮河重要的入江水道。近300年来受到黄淮关系演变和人类垦殖活动的影响,高宝诸湖的形态发生了较大变化。在对古今地图中高宝诸湖的形态进行数字化和空间比较的基础上,结合对历史文献和部分钻孔资料的综合分析,将高宝诸湖的演变分为三个阶段：① 清康熙至乾隆年间为近300年来水域面积最大的时期,1717年水域面积为1606.02 km2;② 清中期以后受淮河通过高家堰不定期排泄泥沙的影响,湖中沙洲开始发育;③ 1851年开始,淮河改道经由洪泽湖东南的三河闸,通过高宝诸湖进入长江,其携带的部分泥沙在高宝诸湖沉淀下来,形成三河三角洲,随着三河三角洲在在高宝诸湖内的不断淤涨,湖面萎缩速度加快,1868年湖面缩小到1494.03 km2,1916年为1071.97 km2,2011年为886.90 km2。洪泽湖泥沙是导致近300年来高宝诸湖不断萎缩的主要原因,此外,圩田的兴建进一步加剧了这一过程。 相似文献
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Dylan J. Blumentritt Herbert E. WrightJr. Vania Stefanova 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(4):545-562
Study of Lake Pepin and Lake St. Croix began more than a century ago, but new information has permitted a closer look at the
geologic history of these two riverine lakes located on the upper Mississippi River system. Drainages from large proglacial
lakes Agassiz and Duluth at the end of the last glaciation helped shape the current valleys. As high-discharge outlet waters
receded, tributary streams deposited fans of sediment in the incised river valleys. These tributary fans dammed the main river,
forming riverine lakes. Lake Pepin was previously thought to be a single long continuous lake, extending for 80 km from its
dam at the Chippewa River fan all the way up to St. Paul, with an arm extending up the St. Croix valley. Recent borings taken
at bridge and dam locations show more than a single section of lake sediments, indicating a more complex history. The Minnesota
and Mississippi Rivers did not always follow their current paths. Valleys cut into bedrock but now buried by glacial sediment
indicate former river courses, with the most recent of these from the last interglacial period marked at the surface by chains
of lakes. The morphology of the Mississippi valley bottom, and thus the morphology of Lake Pepin as it filled the valley,
is reflect in part by the existence of these old valleys but also by the presence of glacial outwash terraces and the alluvial
fans of tributary streams. A sediment core taken in Lake Pepin near Lake City had a piece of wood in gravels just below lake
sediments that dated to 10.3 ka cal. BP, indicating that the lake formed as the Chippewa River fan grew shortly after the
floodwaters of Lakes Agassiz and Duluth receded. Data from new borings indicate small lakes were dammed behind several tributary
fans in the Mississippi River valley between the modern Lake Pepin and St. Paul. One tributary lake, here called Early Lake
Vermillion, may have hydraulically dammed the St. Croix River, creating an incipient Lake St. Croix. The tributary fans from
the Vermillion River, the Cannon River, and the Chippewa River all served to segment the main river valley into a series of
riverine lakes. Later the growth of the Chippewa fan surpassed that of the Vermillion and Cannon fans to create a single large
lake, here called late Lake Pepin, which extended upstream to St. Paul. Sediment cores taken from Lake Pepin did not have
significant organic matter to develop a chronology from radiocarbon dating. Rather, magnetic features were matched with those
from a Lake St. Croix core, which did have a known radiocarbon chronology. The Pepin delta migration rate was then estimated
by projecting the elevations of the top of the buried lake sediments to the dated Lake Pepin core, using an estimated slope
of 10 cm/km, the current slope of Lake Pepin sediment surface. By these approximations, the Lake Pepin delta prograded past
Hastings 6.0 ka cal BP and Red Wing 1.4 ka cal BP.
This is one of eight papers dedicated to the “Recent Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi River” published in this
special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology. D. R. Engstrom served as guest editor of the special issue. 相似文献
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利用历史图件、地形图及遥感数据监测塔里木河下游诸多湖泊水域面积并分析近一百多年的变化情况。根据湖泊水域及其变化,该区湖泊在100多年内变化过程可以分为3个时间段：① 20世纪60年代以前,该区水文条件较好,19世纪末20世纪初湖泊总面积超过2000 km2;20世纪60-70年代至20世纪末,随着水利设施的陆续兴建,湖泊水域缩小,甚至某些湖泊彻底干涸;21世纪随着塔里木河流域综合治理与下游生态输水工程的实施,该区水文条件有所好转,干涸多年的一些湖泊重新形成水域,2013年湖泊水域总面积达760 km2。② 根据湖盆成因及水域变化把该区湖泊分为：河道西侧的风成湖,河道网之间及东侧的河成湖及河道末端的构造湖等三类。③ 初步总结风成湖演变过程,发现该区风成湖与河成湖在形状、深度、水质、形成时间等方面有较大差异。④ 近代人为因素对湖泊水域变化的影响高于自然因素。 相似文献
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近35 a来新疆干旱区湖泊变化及原因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用“3S”技术,以流域为单元,对新疆干旱区1975-2010年近35 a来湖泊的变化进行了研究。研究结果表明：湖泊总体呈数量多、规模小的特点,以天然湖泊为主,湖泊分布面积最大的流域为准噶尔内流区、分布数量最多的流域为塔里木内流区;35 a来湖泊的变化呈1975-2000年数量与面积增大、2000-2010年数量与面积减少的特征;天然湖泊与人工湖泊变化差异显著,天然湖泊数量与面积均呈先增加后减少的变化特征,而人工湖泊数量及面积均呈持续增加的变化特征;1975-2000年各流域湖泊面积均增大,2000-2010年除伊犁河内流区外,各流域湖泊面积均大幅度减小;影响新疆干旱区湖泊变化的主要气候因素是降水与气温,人类活动是流域间湖泊变化幅度与变化趋势差异的主要影响因素,也是影响天然湖泊与人工湖泊变化趋势差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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洞庭湖与长江水体交换能力演变及对三峡水库运行的响应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用洞庭湖区与长江干流相关控制站1951-2010 年实测水文数据, 在分析江湖水力关系的基础上, 从不同时间尺度分析江湖水体交换能力的演变特征及其对三峡水库运行的响应。结果表明:① 7-9 月长江荆南三口对洞庭湖的补给能力较强, 1-3 月洞庭湖对长江的补给能力较强;② 江湖水体交换系数具有明显的年代际波动, 其中1951-1958 年、1959-1968 年荆南三口对湖泊的补给能力较强, 而2003-2010 年湖泊对长江的补给能力增强;③ 三峡水库运行后无论是典型年还是在水库不同调度方式运行期, 三口分泄能力减弱, 入湖水量减少, 而因四水入湖水量占绝对优势, 湖泊对长江的补给能力明显增强;④ 尽管影响江湖水体交换能力的因素极为复杂, 但从总体上讲, 除受流域降水波动影响外, 江湖水体交换能力在不同时间尺度上的演变特征及其过程均随着江湖水体交换量的变化而变化, 说明江湖水体交换能力强度与江湖水体交换量之间存在着彼此消长的关系。 相似文献
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Yoshiko Kawabata Tsuneo Tsukatani Yukio Katayama 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1999,8(2):99-112
Lake Balkhash is one of the many closed lakes in Central Asia. Mechanisms of demineralization in Lake Balkhash were considered from results of surveys undertaken on the lake and along the Ili River. Electrical conductivity (EC) values at the eastern coast in south-western Lake Balkhash were higher than those of the western coast. The Ili River enters at the south-western corner of the lake, so that EC values of this area are low. This water flows westwards. The distribution of Ca2+ concentrations showed that these were lower value in Lake Balkhash than along the Ili River, implying Ca2+ removal by the lake. Amongst suspended mineral matter in the lake occur calcite and dolomite. Thus, a possible mechanism of calcium removal is that it is removed as crystals of calcite or dolomite. SO
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concentration within the lake has increased for the past 37 years. This may be caused by the discharge into the lake from the city of Balkhash of waste water from a copper smelter. 相似文献