共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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在模拟含Zn2 废水中加入Mg2 和Al3 ,以NaOH为沉淀剂,研究金属盐水解即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)去除Zn2 的可行性。详细探讨了体系终点pH值、配料中Mg2 /Zn2 摩尔比值及反应温度和时间对Zn2 去除率的影响,结合X射线衍射分析(XRD)探讨了Zn2 去除机理,并与化学沉淀法进行了比较。结果表明,实验条件下只有pH值显著影响Zn2 去除率(p<0.05),在9.0~11.0范围内去除效果最佳,达99%以上。通过XRD分析结合即时合成法特点,废水中Zn2 主要是在晶体生成阶段以Zn-Mg-Al三元LDH化合物形式被去除的。与化学沉淀法相比,即时合成法效果更好,适用pH值范围更广,用来处理含Zn2 废水更具优势。 相似文献
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即时合成层状双氢氧化物处理酸性大红GR染料实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
印染废水是重要的工业污染源之一,研究新的印染废水脱色技术是水污染控制技术领域重要课题之一。以酸性大红GR为典型代表,初步研究了镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成层状双氢氧化物(LDH)处理阴离子型染料溶液的效果、影响因素和染料去除机理。结果表明,镁-铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成LDH对酸性大红GR染料溶液有非常好的脱色效果,影响处理效果的主要因素是Mg/Al比和pH值。在pH值8.5~10.0,Mg/Al比2∶1~4∶1,都可以获得较好的净化效果,酸性大红GR染料浓度0.65 mmol/L时,染料去除率达99%。其净化机理是,当在染料溶液中投加Mg2 、Al2 溶解盐和NaOH时,Mg2 、Al3 水解共沉淀形成LDH的同时,染料阴离子以平衡LDH结构电荷的形式进入LDH结构层间,含有染料的LDH通过沉淀分离从溶液中去除。 相似文献
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采用共沉淀法在不同物理条件下合成了一系列镁铝层状双氢氧化物(LDH),用化学分析、XRD和红外光谱对产物的组成与结构进行了表征,并探讨了初始溶液Mg/Al比、平衡pH值、水热反应温度、干燥温度等因素对合成LDH产物的结晶度、Mg/Al比、结构以及镁铝水解率的影响。结果表明,在实验条件范围内,最佳的合成条件为:初始Mg/Al比为2∶1,pH值为10,合成温度50℃,在此条件下固体产物为单一LDH物相,合成LDH的Mg/Al比为2∶1,镁铝水解率分别为99.21%和98.97%,结晶度高,可以实现在较低的温度下水热合成LDH。由于在LDH结构中Al3 替代Mg2 的量不同,导致X衍射分析d值和晶胞参数呈规律性变化。 相似文献
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凹凸棒石与Ni2+的长期吸附作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以Ni2+为例研究了凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期作用过程,探讨了重金属离子在凹凸棒石上的吸附反应动力学,并运用高分辨透射电镜揭示了凹凸棒石与重金属离子互相作用引起重金属离子水解沉淀、形成氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物次生物相的现象.实验表明,凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中,随着时间的延长溶液的pH值逐渐升高,Ni2+浓度逐渐降低,并且长期作用后悬浮液的pH值和重金属离子浓度受到固/液比控制.Ni2+在凹凸棒石和水两相中的分配在长达40 d的时间内都没有达到完全平衡,表明凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中存在凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期互相作用.凹凸棒石与Ni2+长期作用Ni2+浓度变化可以用抛物线扩散方程、双常数方程、一级扩散方程、Elovich方程较好地拟合.凹凸棒石与重金属的长期作用反应机制可能是由于凹凸棒石纳米效应和反应活性,表面缓慢水化导致含重金属离子溶液pH值缓慢升高,诱导了Ni2+在凹凸棒石表面沉淀,在凹凸棒石表面形成了氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物. 相似文献
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焦磷酸根在即时合成阴离子粘土结构中的嵌入作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
污染物在矿物结构中的嵌入是固化、净化污染物的一种有前景的矿物学方法。焦磷酸根离子是工业废水中较难处理的工业磷污染源之一,研究新的除磷技术是水污染控制技术领域的重要课题之一。通过人工配制焦磷酸盐废水,初步研究镁一铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成阴离子粘土去除焦磷酸根的效果、影响因素和焦磷酸根离子在阴离子粘土结构中的嵌入作用。研究结果表明,通过镁一铝盐水解共沉淀法即时合成阴离子粘土,焦磷酸根离子有效地嵌入阴离子粘土结构中,对焦磷酸根有非常好的去除效果。影响处理效果的主要因素是pH值和Mg／Al比值。pH值为9．0～10,Mg／Al比1：1～3：1时,都可以获得较好的去除效果。 相似文献
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以含钙聚合铝(PACCa)作为导向剂与铝源,在常温常压下合成了微/纳结构(微米/纳米尺度)的弗雷德盐。当水溶液中的ρ(Cu2+)为4.406 mg/L时,每升含铜溶液投入0.45 g弗雷德盐对Cu2+的去除率为99.02%。背散射(BEI)与二次电子(SEI)的SEM研究表明:微/纳结构的弗雷德盐在水处理中经历了溶解-结晶过程,XRD鉴定证实弗雷德盐分解后形成方解石晶体与无定形氧化铝。微/纳结构的弗雷德盐去除Cu2+的絮凝沉淀机理与吸附反应模式有所不同,弗雷德盐在絮凝过程中与水中CO2作用转变成方解石与无定形氧化铝,同时Cu2+在碱性环境下生成氢氧化物,新生成的无定型氢氧化铝迅速吸附铜的氢氧化物并裹挟方解石沉淀。 相似文献
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本文通过两组不同水镁石-苯酚投料比的实验,研究固体沉淀物与水质变化的关系。实验显示,水镁石解离出的Mg2+与苯酚降解的中间产物能形成难溶盐,并发生沉淀分离,促进含苯酚废水臭氧化降解的效率。当苯酚的初始浓度为47 g/L,初始碳镁原子比(C/Mg)为30时,经3小时充分臭氧化曝气后,投加的水镁石全部耗尽。XRD、TG/DSC结果显示新形成的沉淀物为草酸镁。反应终点的pH值在4以下,TOC去除率为40%。当体系的初始C/Mg(原子比)为1,苯酚的初始浓度为1.5 g/L时,同样的臭氧化曝气过程体系残留的沉淀物仍是水镁石。反应终点的pH值在10左右,TOC去除率为92.8%。研究证明,苯酚臭氧化过程也是体系酸化的过程,至少在高C/Mg比条件下新生的质子能与水镁石解离出的羟基中和,水镁石解离出的Mg2+可与草酸根结合沉淀出草酸镁。 相似文献
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《铀矿地质》2015,(5)
研究零价铁(Zero-valent iron,ZVI)去除溶液中的U(VI),分析了pH值、反应时间、ZVI投加量、铀溶液初始浓度、其它离子(Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3、CO2-3和Cu2+)等条件因素对U(VI)去除效果的影响,并讨论其去除机理。结果表明:ZVI对溶液中U(VI)有较好的去除作用,在pH=4,振荡时间为120min,ZVI投加量为1.6g/L,铀溶液初始浓度为10mg/L,铀去除量为4mg/g时,U(VI)的去除率可达到63.7%。其它离子实验结果表明:Mg2+、Mn2+、Cl-、NO-3对ZVI去除U(VI)影响不超过3%,CO2-3和Cu2+影响相对较大。ZVI去除溶液中U(VI)以还原沉淀和吸附作用为主,吸附-还原反应遵循一级化学反应动力学方程。 相似文献
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利用静态吸附实验研究了溶液pH值、反应时间、初始Cu2+浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土矿中粘土质白云岩去除Cu2+效 果的影响,将准一级、准二级、Elovich动力学方程与反应动力学进行拟合,再利用Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程对实验数 据进行等温式拟合,并与普通白云岩和凹凸棒石粘土进行了对比研究。结果表明,粘土质白云岩相对于其他两种材料受pH 影响较小,且在pH3~5范围内对Cu2+去除率均大于85%,最佳pH为5;对Cu2+的去除符合准二级动力学模型,粘土质白云 岩对铜的去除速率和去除率均最高;等温数据符合Freundlich模型,对Cu2+的最大去除量（pH=5,30℃）为186.2×10-3。粘 土质白云岩去除水中Cu2+的主要机制为矿物水化与溶解引起的表面沉淀及凹凸棒石与新生碱式碳酸铜[Cu2CO3(OH)2]胶体的静 电吸附。粘土质白云岩中纳米凹凸棒石与亚微米多孔白云石共生,具有较高的化学反应活性,除Cu2+效果明显优于普通白 云岩和凹凸棒石粘土,在处理含Cu2+废水方面具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
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A. T. Sdiri T. Higashi F. Jamoussi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(4):1081-1092
Calcareous and smectitic clay samples from the Coniacian–Lower Campanian system, Tunisia, were used as adsorbents for the removal of copper and zinc from aqueous solutions in single and binary systems. Calcareous clay sample was treated with acetic acid to obtain carbonate-free sample that was also used for metals removal. The adsorption of metal ions onto natural clay was tested in a batch method by mixing 1 g/L of each sample with a metal ion solution of zinc (300 μmol/L) and/or copper 600 μmol/L under the operating pH of 6, and agitation speed of 200 rpm within the equilibrium time of 60 min at 25 °C for single and binary systems. Our results showed that natural clay samples were mainly composed of silica, alumina, iron, and magnesium oxides. Adsorption data showed that the studied clay samples removed substantial amounts of heavy metals in single and mixed systems. Initial solution pH and carbonates contents enhanced the removal capacities of the studied clay samples, confirming their strong influencing effects. Thermodynamic parameters indicated an endothermic adsorption for metals removal by calcareous clay, but exothermic process for the smectitic sample. These results suggest that the Late Cretaceous clays, Tunisia, can be effectively used as natural adsorbents for the removal of toxic heavy metals in aqueous systems. 相似文献
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A. Mautner H. A. Maples T. Kobkeatthawin V. Kokol Z. Karim K. Li A. Bismarck 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(8):1861-1872
Copper is a major problem in industrial wastewater streams, seriously affecting the quality of potential drinking water. Several approaches, including continuous membrane processes or batch-wise application of adsorbents, are in use to tackle this problem. Unfortunately, these processes suffer from their particular drawbacks, such as low permeance or disposal of saturated adsorbents. However, a combination of these processes could constitute a step towards a more efficient copper removal solution. Here, we present a nanopaper ion-exchanger prepared from cellulose nanofibrils produced from fibre sludge, a paper industry waste stream, for the efficient, continuous removal of copper from aqueous solutions. This nanopaper ion-exchanger comprises phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils that were processed into nanopapers by papermaking. The performance of these phosphorylated nanopaper membranes was determined with respect to their rejection of copper and permeance. It was shown that this new type of nanopaper is capable of rejecting copper ions during a filtration process by adsorption. Results suggest that functional groups on the surface of the nanopapers contribute to the adsorption of copper ions to a greater extent than phosphate groups within the bulk of the nanopaper. Moreover, we demonstrated that those nanopaper ion-exchangers could be regenerated and reused and that in the presence of calcium ions, the adsorption capacity for copper was only slightly reduced. 相似文献
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N. Dizadji Ph.D. N. Abootalebi Anaraki 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(3):631-638
In this study, adsorption of copper and chromium was investigated by residue of brewed tea (Tea Waste) from aqueous solutions at various values of pH. It was shown that adsorbent dose, copper and chromium ion concentrations in such solutions influence the degree of these heavy metal ions’ obviation. The adsorption level of the prepared solutions was measured by visible spectrophotometer. The tea residue adsorbed copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions at initial solution pH by 25 % and 3 %, respectively. During the experiments the peak adsorption occured in hydrated copper nitrate aqueous solution at pH range of 5–6. Likewise the maximum adsorption appeared in potassium chromate aqueous solution at pH range of 2–3. In addition, tea residue adsorbed about 60 mg/g of copper (II) ion at pH=5, while chromium adsorption was registered at about 19 mg/g at pH=2. The data obtained at the equilibrium state, was compared with Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that regarding the kinetics of adsorption, the uptake of copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions by tea residue was comparatively faster, with the adsorption process exhaustion completed within the first 20 min of the experiments. Furthermore, results revealed that adsorption data concerning the kinetic phase is closely correlated with a pseudo-second order model with R2> 0.99 for copper (II) and chromium (VI) ions 相似文献
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Physico-chemical analysis of surface and groundwater around Singrauli Coal Field, District Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present study was carried out in Singrauli area of the north India to know the water quality at selected sites. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, and chromium were analyzed in 27 water samples. Locations selected for sampling were based on the preliminary field survey carried out to understand the overall impact of mining and industrialization on the surface and groundwater resources of Singrauli. Base map, drainage map, and land use/land cover of the study area were prepared from Survey of India topographic map 63 L/12 on 1:50000 scale and satellite data of IRS P6 LISS III 4th May 2010. Land use were categorized into 15 categories out of which major area occupied by open forest covers 20.33 %, uncultivated land 20.25 %, cultivated land 12.60 %, dense forest 11.00 %, and other categories cover 35.82 %. The results obtained are compared with World Health Organisation standards for drinking water quality. The physico chemical analysis shows alkaline nature of water, soft to moderately soft, TDS and total alkalinity exceeds the desirable limit. The major ions in water like calcium, and magnesium are within desirable limits, and sulfate and potassium exceed in limit at some locations, whereas sodium and chloride show higher values. The minor ions like copper and zinc show values within desirable limits whereas iron, cobalt, and chromium show higher values than the desirable limits which deteriorate the quality of water. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(3):529-536
Freshly precipitated hydrous oxides of Al (flocs) are important sorbents of heavy metal ions and are used in water treatment processes. The addition of chelating agents or polyelectrolytes can increase the efficiency of heavy metal removal by flocs. The polymer polyethylenimine is commonly used as a flocculant aid in water treatment and has been modified with phthalic acid. Adsorption studies have shown that the addition of millimolar concentrations of polyelectrolyte increases the removal of Cd ions from a 29.7 μM aqueous solution by aluminium flocs from ca. 40% to up to 75%. Experiments in which the pH was varied demonstrated that the observed enhancement of Cd adsorption is caused by a shift of the pH edge to lower pH values in the presence of polyelectrolyte. Maximum polyelectrolyte adsorption occurs between pH 6 and pH 7, corresponding to the point of enhanced Cd adsorption in the presence of polyelectrolyte. The enhancement of Cd adsorption observed below pH 7 is therefore likely to be due to the formation of a ternary surface complex. At pH values above pH 8 the polyelectrolyte forms a stable complex with Cd and Al ions in solution causing floc dissolution and decreased Cd adsorption. 相似文献
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The adsorption of copper and cobalt from aqueous solution on to illite and other substrates has been studied as a function of pH, solution composition and solid phase concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of a model whereby the trace metals are adsorbed in exchange for surface bound H+ ions. Adsorption varies with solution ionic strength and the concentrations of complex forming ligands; both of these parameters tend to reduce the trace metal adsorption. The Cu2+ is two orders of magnitude more reactive toward solid surfaces than Co2+ , which is consistent with the general reactivities of these two metal ions. It is also found that Mg2+ interferes with adsorption, presumably by competing with the trace metals for the surface sites. A quantitative model was developed which describes adsorption of these metals from natural waters ranging from river water to sea water as a function of pH, complexing ligands and magnesium activity. 相似文献
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Systematic assessment of electrocoagulation for the treatment of marble processing wastewater 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
F. Ozyonar B. Karagozoglu 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(4):637-646
In this study, the treatability of marble processing wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminum and iron electrodes was investigated. The sample used was from the marble-processing plant in Sivas and its turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids concentrations were about 1,914?NTU, 2,904, 150 and 4,750?mg/L, respectively. The effects of various operating parameters such as initial pH, current density and electrolysis time on turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids removal efficiencies were investigated. The settling characteristics of waste sludge produced and energy and electrode consumption were also determined. The optimum values of initial pH, current density and electrolysis time in electrocoagulation studies carried out using aluminum electrode were found to be 7.8, 30?A/m2 and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies obtained for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were 98.5, 99.2, 55.2 and 92.4?%, respectively. Corresponding energy and electrode consumptions were 0.143?kWh/kg SS and 0.010?kg Al/kg SS. For iron electrode, the optimum parameter values were found to be 7.8 pH, 20?A/m2 and 5?min, respectively. Under these conditions, removal efficiencies for turbidity, suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and total solids were determined as 94.3, 99.1, 54.2, and 96.1?%, respectively. Energy and electrode consumptions were 0.0571?kWh/kg SS and 0.0206?kg Fe/kg SS, respectively. Settling characteristics of sludge produced during experiments carried out using both aluminum and iron electrodes were fairly good. The results showed that electrocoagulation method can be used efficiently for the treatment of marble processing wastewater under proper operating conditions. 相似文献
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Cr(Ⅵ)抗性菌株的筛选及其Cr(Ⅵ)去除特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用微生物分离纯化方法,从制革厂含铬污泥中筛选分离Cr (Ⅵ)抗性菌株,并研究菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力.共分离得到对50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)去除率大于50%的菌株20株,16S rRNA基因测序结果表明这些细菌主要属于Acinetobacter、 Microbacterium、Leucobacter、Ochrobactrum和Brachymonas属.对其中7株细菌,考察了菌株生长期、pH值和Cr(Ⅵ)浓度对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响,结果表明,细胞在有较高代谢活性的条件下具较高的Cr(Ⅵ)去除能力;pH值对菌株去除Cr(Ⅵ)的能力具有显著影响,在50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)、pH值为7～8的条件下,Microbacterium属16号和21号菌株在36 h时对Cr (Ⅵ)的去除率达80%～95%;高浓度的Cr(Ⅵ)抑制菌株对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力,其中21号菌株在110 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)浓度下去除效果最佳,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达80%. 相似文献