共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
James P. Howington Gordon A. McFeters James P. Barry James J. Smith 《Marine pollution bulletin》1992,25(9-12):324-327
The spatial distribution and movement of the sewage plume from McMurdo Station, Antarctica, was investigated in the ocean under the early summer ice. Samples of seawater were obtained via holes drilled through the ice and analysed for coliform bacteria. Ocean currents were also examined to determine their effect on the movement of the plume. High densities of coliform bacteria were found along the ca. 1 km shoreline of McMurdo Station and the plume extended 200–300 m seaward. The relocation of the outfall from a surface configuration to the subsurface (11 m deep) had little influence on the distribution of the plume that sometimes reached the seawater intake station, 400 m to the south. Ocean current measurements in the study area confirmed that, while the prevailing advection was to the north and away from the intake area, episodic reversals of flow at some current meter stations coincided with pulses of sewage that moved into the intake. These findings support the use of bacterial indicators as one means to map the distribution and movement of recent sewage contamination in cold (−1.8°C) seawater and provides evidence that the disposal and movement of domestic wastes in coastal polar environments deserves attention. 相似文献
2.
The community structure of zooplankton was studied in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the river Chambal polluted by industrial effluents and domestic sewage near Nagda. Thirtytwo species of zooplankton of five main groups, viz. Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda were observed at pre-pollution sampling stations. The abundance, distribution, total population, group percentage and species diversity were studied and correlated with pollution-indicating parameters. Species diversity values indicated a decrease from the sampling station near a pre-effluent point to an effluent discharge channel and an increase at a post-effluent discharge point revealing a slight recovery zone. Keratella tropica and Kellicottia sp. were identified as pollution tolerant taxa. 相似文献
3.
The present study aimed to establish potential indicators of fish farming pollution in muddy substrate, by means of meiofauna, and to test whether the effect of the fish farm is more important to determine the meiofauna community than the seasonal environmental conditions. Sampling was performed in spring, after several months of light feeding, and in summer, at high food supply. Samples were collected in three directions at various distances from the floating cages. Harpacticoid copepods and kinorhynchs, whose abundance decreased under the cages, were put forward as indicator taxa. However, harpacticoid copepods were sensitive to fish farm only, while kinorhynchs showed responsiveness to fish farm and to seasonal environmental conditions. Total meiofauna density was dependent on season sensu stricto. The nMDS clearly showed a ‘cage community’ and ‘control community’ in both sampling occasions; therefore it is a good tool for impact assessment. 相似文献
4.
Short and long term effects of a fuel oil spill from a grounded ship "M V Sea Transporter" on meiofauna of a sandy beach of central West Coast of India were investigated. A significant reduction in the absolute abundance of meiofauna was observed immediately after 3 days of spillage particularly at Sinquerim beach, the site of spillage. The reduction was most pronounced in density of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods, which were the most dominant groups. Long-term response showed no apparent oil-induced changes at major taxa levels. The population density improved considerably after the cessation of monsoons with a parallel decrease in petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the sediment. Nematodes recovered more quickly than benthic copepods. No evidence for this could be due to reproductive dynamics in meiobentos. Although the effect of the oil on meiofauna could be seen initially it could not be proved conclusively on a long-term basis. The effects of the oil spill were confounded with seasonal monsoon effects and beach dynamics. The nematode:copepod ratio and the index of trophic diversity (ITD) were inadequate for detecting oil pollution effects. Therefore it may be concluded that in the presence of other environmental factors acting strongly, the effects of oil on meiofauna was strong but of a temporary nature. 相似文献
5.
Kingston Harbour is a multi-purpose resource with more than half a million people and a variety of industries on its shores. Primary treated domestic sewage, raw industrial waste and run-off from agricultural land discharge into the bay. Successive surveys since 1968 show a progressive deterioration and the urgent need for a reduction of organic pollution if the benthic fauna is not to be destroyed. 相似文献
6.
利用生物膜强化表流湿地处理农村生活污水的试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对农村生活污水难以集中处理的问题,提出了采用生物膜强化表流湿地工艺就地进行农村生活污水处理的方法,并对其进行试验研究.结果表明:在表流湿地表面设置生物膜载体后,系统的水质净化能力提高,处理负荷较高的条件下(CODCr:657.27 mg/L、TN:26.27 mg/L、TP:8.66 mg/L和SS:276 mg/L),处理效果显著提高.在效果明显的试验组中,生物膜设置后系统对TN、TP、CODCr的去除率分别提高了21.64%、16.24%、19.12%.另外,通过对系统中微生物的检测发现,生物膜载体的引入对湿地系统本身影响不大,系统水质净化能力的提高主要源于载体上微生物的增加.该方法在未增加系统占地面积的情况下提高了水质净化能力,为解决农村生活污水处理难的问题提供了新的思路. 相似文献
7.
Diversity of meiofauna in the lacustrine profundal zone: Bathymetric differences and influence of environmental factors 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jukka Särkkä 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(3):197-205
The diversity and species richness of total meiofauna, Harpacticoida and Oligochaeta in relation to depth and other environmental variables were studied at nine stations and in two profundal depth zones in Lake Päijänne which includes both oligotrophic and eutrophicated or organically loaded areas.Diversity was on average higher in the upper part of the profundal zone than at maximum depths. This may show that the greater temporal stability in temperature at greater depths does not surpass the effect of the lower temporal stability in oxygen content. The productivity factor may be a more important reason for the bathymetric difference in diversity than the stability factor. Diversity in the lower profundal zone shows a negative correlation with variables indicating pollution while in the upper profundal zone a positive one with those variables, thus emphasizing the importance of the production factor in determining diversity in the upper profundal. Diversity was higher within the oligochaetes than within the harpacticoids, which may imply that oligochaetes have a longer evolutionary history as part of the lacustrine benthic system.Of the environmental variables, phytoplankton biomass had the highest influence on total diversity in the lower profundal zone, oxygen being next in importance. The sedimentation of organic matter was most important in the upper part of the profundal zone, where oxygen did not have any significant effect on diversity. Some explaining factors determining bathymetric diversity differences are discussed in relation to the theoretical expectations. 相似文献
8.
Hughes KA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(9-10):850-853
Despite Antarctica being the largest pristine wilderness on Earth, many coastal Antarctic research stations release untreated sewage waste into the marine environment, which may have negative effects on local wildlife. In February 2003 a sewage treatment plant was installed at Rothera Research Station (Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula). After one year of operation the sewage treatment plant had dramatically reduced the microbiological pollution in the near-shore marine environment around the outfall and seawater quality conformed to European Union Bathing Water Standards. 相似文献
9.
Foraminifera as indicators of marine pollutant contamination on the inner continental shelf of southern Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Analyses of living foraminiferal and environmental parameters near an outfall at Mar Grosso Beach (Laguna, SC, Brazil) demonstrate its usefulness as indicators of domestic sewage pollution. The low species diversity may be due to sand accumulation in the central part. Higher diversity was noted closer to the mouth of Laguna estuarine system where reduced salinity and higher temperatures indicate freshwater influence, suggesting a relationship between increased diversity and greater availability of terrestrial food. On the basis of foraminiferal diversity and average coliform count the higher values are closer to the mouth of the estuarine system and under the influence of the outfall. Due to the effect of local hydrodynamics, the particulate organic waste derived from the outfall does not settle down locally, and thus, do not accumulate nearby. Our hypothesis is that the fine material derived from the outfall is accumulating on the southwestern and northwestern parts of the beach. 相似文献
10.
P.J.D. Lambshead 《Marine pollution bulletin》1984,15(7):256-259
An analysis is presented of some intertidal meiofauna assemblages from the Firth of Clyde. The results cast doubt on the validity of the nematode/copepod ratio as a means of assessing marine pollution. In the light of this analysis, data from the literature on the meiofauna assemblages of the Firth of Clyde are reinterpreted. It is concluded that the ratio is unreliable because (a) it oversimplifies a highly complex set of relationships and (b) nematode and copepod populations may react independently to a variety of environmental parameters, of which pollution is only one. In these circumstances it is suggested that the ratio should be abandoned as a practical pollution indicator. 相似文献
11.
武汉市东湖沉积物重金属与城市污染环境的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用主成份分析原理,按照主成份提取的信息超过原始信息84％的原则,对武汉市东湖的主体湖区(郭郑湖和塘林湖)的0 cm-7 cm的沉积物30个代表性样品12种元素进行分析,确定其沉积物的重金属的污染源的主要类型．结果表明,郭郑湖第一污染源(占56％)为湖区周围的工业燃煤尘埃,其次(占16％)为交通尾气、生活污水和雨水片流,再次 (占12％)为电镀、印刷等行业的工业污水．塘林湖第一污染源(占65％)为湖区周围的生产性煤燃烧的粉尘,其次(17％) 为生活污水、医院污水和周围土壤的淋溶作用,再次(占9％)为废旧电池、报章杂志和农用物资等．采用均方根综合污染指数法评价分析东湖主体湖区的沉积物的污染程度为轻度污染,其中郭郑湖的污染程度高于塘林湖． 相似文献
12.
Seasonal and spatial characteristics of seawater and sediment at Youngil Bay, southeast coast of Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The seasonal geochemical characteristics of the seawater and sediments and the major factors causing heavy metal contamination were investigated at the Youngil bay and the Hyungsan river estuary in the Southeast Coast of Korea, where a world-scale steel-industry complex (Pohang iron and steel industrial complex, POSCO) is located. The seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and nutrients of the seawater were studied at 45 fixed stations, especially focusing on the river mouth area. Sediments at 27 stations were examined during winter and summer to determine the major controlling factors for the distribution of metals, using correlation matrix and R-mode factor analyses, and to evaluate the pollution status, using the modified geoaccumulation (I(geo)(')) index. Temperatures for the effluent from the POSCO located at the Hyungsan river mouth were 2-3 degrees C higher compared to other sampling areas, due to the thermal discharge from the POSCO. The DO concentration of the surface water at the Pohang old port was as low as 2-4 mg/L. In spring, the DO value at the Hyungsan river mouth was higher than 12 mg/L, by the mass multiplication of phytoplanktons at the river mouth where seawater temperature and nutrients concentrations were relatively high, resulting in the pH value of higher than 8.3. The nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios at the river mouth were 20-150 times higher compared to other areas, implying that the nitrogen loading into this semi-enclosed bay is significantly higher than phosphorus and the major nitrogen sources are not only the domestic sewage from the city but the industrial wastewater from the POSCO and other steel factories nearby. The phosphorus concentrations at the Pohang old port were shown 3-10 times higher than those at other stations, due to the inflow of pollutants generated from the nearby ships anchoring and the release of phosphate from the bottom sediment. Results from the sediment analysis showed that the major controlling factors for the distribution pattern of each metal are grain size and organic carbon (C(org)) content. Based on the factor analysis, Al, Fe, Cr, Li, and Pb were shown strongly correlated with the mean grain size (Mz), whereas Cd, Cu, Zn, and Sn with the C(org) content. Results from the fractionation of the sedimentary metals into lattice and labile fractions to characterize the mobility of sediment metals showed that the mineral lattice fraction was high in the order of Al=K>Cr>Li>Sr>Fe, while the labile fraction, which might be released to the overlying water, was in the order of Pb>Zn>Cd>Cu>Ca>Sn. Evaluation of the sediment pollution status by applying (I(geo)(')) of 13 metals showed Cd, Cu, and Zn as high as 1-3 range at the old port. Even though the overall marine pollution mainly by the world-class steel industrial complex in this semi-enclosed bay area studied does not currently pose a serious threat, due to the seawater circulation and the large influx of river discharge, the countermeasures to implement the sediments concentrated with heavy metals, especially at the old port with no seawater circulation, are still warranted for this coastal water environment. 相似文献
13.
Taxonomic problems have hindered the widespread use of meiobenthos for the purpose of pollution monitoring despite its potential usefulness. The question whether it is necessary to go down to species level in order to distinguish assemblages and stations was studied using data on meiofauna densities available from a GEEP-workshop held in Norway, August 1986.
Using the complete species list of harpacticoid copepod and nematode species, the six stations could be clearly separated by different multivariate techniques (TWINSPAN, DCA, MDS, Clustering). The abundance data of the genera, the families and even the orders (in the case of nematodes) still allowed a more or less clear separation of the stations, although their relative relationships were sometimes distorted. Thus, from a practical point of view, it may be sufficient to identify the animals to genus or family level.
It is proven that this result is not due to ecological similarities between congeneric or confamiliar species. The species groups typifying the stations in the TWINSPAN analysis did not contain more confamiliar species pairs than expected from random sorting. Randomly assembled ‘families’ allowed a separation of the stations as clear as that based on taxonomic groups.
We conclude that the information contained in species abundances was preserved, at least partially, when the species are grouped, even at random. The grouping in higher taxonomic categories was as good as any, and more convenient than all the others. However, within the (limited) range of habitats studied, ecological adaptation is achieved nearly exclusively on the species level. 相似文献
14.
P. A. Ayres 《Marine pollution bulletin》1977,8(12):283-285
Samples of bottom sediment taken in an area used for marine dumping of sewage sludge were examined for the presence of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria. Using a simple membrane filtration technique, an extensive network of stations was sampled and examined at sea in under two days. The results obtained were in good agreement with seabed drifter and radioactive tracer studies, and suggest that the use of bacterial indices may be a useful means of estimating the distribution of sewage sludge solids in bottom sediments. 相似文献
15.
本文采用多元线性回归及合田健模型分别对滇池有机污染及富营养化的主要因子COD、TN、TP进行预测,并将污染负荷量分至各点源。定量说明污水处理厂对治理城市污水的积极作用,为流域进行污染治理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
16.
The results of investigations of water bodies subjected to constant many-year thermal pollution are proposed to use for the prediction of the consequences of climate warming. General tendencies in changes in the aquatic biota and the distribution of aquatic organisms under the effect of thermal pollution are established by analyzing the materials collected at different cooling ponds of nuclear and thermal power stations. 相似文献
17.
Benthic meiofauna community composition at polluted and non-polluted sites in New Zealand intertidal environments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Meiofauna composition was investigated for six field sites, including polluted and non-polluted sites, within two regions (Auckland and Bay of Plenty) during winter (July-August 2004) in the North Island of New Zealand. Physico-chemical parameters were measured during the sampling period and meiofauna distribution and abundance were compared with these measured parameters. Analysis of meiofauna abundance indicated that foraminiferans, nematodes and ostracods were the taxa that contributed to the variability between field sites within the Auckland region. However, no clear taxa dominance was seen in the Bay of Plenty region. Comparison of meiofauna abundance and physico-chemical parameters was done using multivariate analysis (PRIMER). However, no clear relationships between the parameters were observed in any field site in either region. The Shannon-Weiner index of diversity did not show any clear differentiation between polluted and non-polluted field sites. Therefore, from the present study, the taxa or physico-chemical parameters used could not effectively characterise pollution at the investigated field sites. 相似文献
18.
A survey of yeast populations at various points along the St Lawrence River indicates that certain yeast blooms occur after bacteria have degraded the easily metabolizable constituents of the raw sewage and that their numbers could be used as an indicator of pollution. 相似文献
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20.
At the present time there are approximately 160 million gallons per day of municipal sewage being discharged into the waters off the southeastern coast of Florida. Present in these sewage effluents are human pathogenic viruses whose fate in marine waters is not completely understood. Virus surveillance in waters receiving domestic wastewater discharge has concentrated on estuarine areas where water quality and depth are significantly different from the deep marine outfalls. Using the membrane filter adsorption technique, viruses were detected in the vicinity of deep marine outfalls discharging both raw and chlorinated, secondarily treated sewage. 相似文献