共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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This study presents the influence of the addition of additives such as activated carbon, carbon tetra chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium dichromate on ultrasonic reduction of pharmaceutical wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD) under laboratory conditions. The addition of activated carbon increased the % COD reduction whereas the combined addition of activated carbon and H2O2/CCl4/K2Cr2O7 was found to show higher reduction. Among the various combinations investigated, the combined addition of activated carbon and CCl4 was found to be the best combination. However, the environmental and health problems associated with these chemicals limit the applicability of the process in an industrial level. Further investigation with this system showed that the initial pH and initial COD have significant influence on the removal rate. The data obtained were fitted with first order and Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic models. The values of the rate constants obtained indicated that the pharmaceutical wastewater can be treated efficiently by the proposed methods. 相似文献
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The degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was studied in alkaline solution. The products were characterised using UV/vis spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), and by the analysis of low‐molecular‐weight organic acids (LMWOA). The degradation experiments were performed with water from a brown water lake or its isolated fulvic acid fraction and sodium hydroxide at different reaction times and temperatures. Depending on the wavelength and the reaction time, the UV/vis absorbance between 230 nm and 600 nm increased or decreased. The behaviour of model compounds during reactions in alkaline media was compared to the UV/vis spectroscopic behaviour of DOM. The release of LMWOA was described by kinetic data and compared to the data of model reactions. Evidence was given for the carboxylic esters playing a significant role in the release of LMWOA only during the beginning of the alkaline degradation. The results gained by SEC with on‐line UV and DOC detection showed that the average size of DOM was decreasing, and that a major part of the degradation products consisted of low‐molecular‐weight mono‐ and dicarboxylic acids. 相似文献
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《Marine pollution bulletin》1987,18(1):27-29
Coprostanol has been applied as a chemical sewage indicator in the aquatic environment but there is little evidence of its persistence. This paper describes experiments to measure the decay rate of coprostanol in aquatic systems involving sludges and artificial sediments. Coprostanol in sludges decayed to <15% of initial levels after 30 days whilst in sediments the levels remained essentially unchanged after 54 days. Coprostanol levels in marine sediments from South Africa are also discussed. 相似文献
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Poppana Antony Soloman Chiya Ahmed Basha Manickam Velan Veerappan Ramamurthi Kandasamy Koteeswaran Natesan Balasubramanian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2009,37(11):889-900
This study focused on the electrochemical degradation of hydrolyzed Remazol Black B (CI Reactive Black 5), a common diazo reactive dye, in aqueous solution. In the presence of various auxiliary dye chemicals, a typical Remazol Black simulated exhausted dyebath liquor was treated electrochemically in various basic electrochemical reactor configurations such as batch, batch recirculation and single pass systems. The effect of current density, supporting electrolyte concentration, electrolysis duration, specific electrode surface and fluid flow rate on pollutant removal and energy consumption performance of the systems was critically evaluated. Batch studies show the following operating parameters, current density: 2.5 A/dm2, electrolysis duration: 6 h, and supporting electrolyte concentration: 3 g/L, were optimal for good overall performance of the system. Color removal was complete by 3 h of treatment for all combinations of parameters studied. The pollutant removal performance of the batch recirculation system was found to have improved considerably by increasing the flow rate. Performance of the batch recirculation system was comparatively better than the other rector configurations studied, with respect to capacity utilization and energy consumption. 相似文献
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The oxidation-reduction status of Gulf Coast wetland sediment greatly influenced hydrocarbon breakdown. Degradation of 14C-labelled octadecane and 14C-labelled naphthalene was faster in oxidized (+500 mV) sediment compared with reduced (?200 mV) sediment. Naphthalene showed no breakdown in reduced anaerobic sediment. However, a shift from strict anaerobic to aerobic conditions markedly increased napthalene degradation. An oxidized layer of sediment overlying reduced sediment was identified in several zones in a Louisiana salt marsh. Hydrocarbon degradation is likely to be greater in the oxidized surface layer. 相似文献
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Enhanced Degradation of Halogenated Aliphatics by Zero-Valent Iron 总被引：89，自引：0，他引：89
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There is considerable concern about the hazards that plastic debris presents to wildlife. Use of polymers that degrade more quickly than conventional plastics presents a possible solution to this problem. Here we investigate breakdown of two oxo-biodegradable plastics, compostable plastic and standard polyethylene in the marine environment. Tensile strength of all materials decreased during exposure, but at different rates. Compostable plastic disappeared from our test rig between 16 and 24 weeks whereas approximately 98% of the other plastics remained after 40 weeks. Some plastics require UV light to degrade. Transmittance of UV through oxo-biodegradable and standard polyethylene decreased as a consequence of fouling such that these materials received ～ 90% less UV light after 40 weeks. Our data indicate that compostable plastics may degrade relatively quickly compared to oxo-biodegradable and conventional plastics. While degradable polymers offer waste management solutions, there are limitations to their effectiveness in reducing hazards associated with plastic debris. 相似文献
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P. Pitter 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1985,13(4):453-460
Structure/reactivity relations are investigated experimentally and theoretically for the microbial degradation of 35 substituted phenols and anilines by adapted mixed cultures of bacteria. From the results one can conclude that the initial attack of the aromatic nucleus has an electrophilic character and is ratelimiting. The results are suitable for predictions of biodegradation rates of organic compounds and facilitate understanding of the mechanism of degradation. 相似文献
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The present study employed a modified Fenton system that aims to extend the optimum pH range towards neutral conditions for studying the oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylenes (BTEX) using glutamic acid (Glu) as an iron chelator. Addition of 20 mM Glu greatly enhanced the oxidation rate of BTEX in modified Fenton system at pH 5–7. A rapid mass destruction (>97% after 1 h) of BTEX as a water contaminant carried out in the presence of 500 mM H2O2, 10 mM Fe2+, and 20 mM Glu at pH 5 could be shown. The efficiency of this modified Fenton's system for mass destruction of BTEX in contaminated water was measured to estimate the impact of the major process variables that include initial concentrations of soluble Fe, H2O2, Glu (as metal chelating agent), and reaction time. 相似文献
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The microbial transformation of typical tar oil compounds such as acridine, benzo(b)thiophene, dibenzofuran, indane, and indene under different redox conditions was investigated in microcosm studies. Under aerobic conditions the inherent contamination in polluted soil as well as the added N‐, S‐, O‐ heterocyclic and homocyclic compounds were transformed predominantly apart from thiophene. 1‐Indanone was detected by RP‐HPLC‐DAD and GC‐MS as an intermediate metabolite from indane and indene. Under nitrate and sulfate reducing conditions indane, benzo(b)thiophene, and dibenzofuran were transformed in assays with the polluted soil samples from well B 65 and B 66 within 426 days, whereas they were persistent in assays with the highly polluted soil B 67. All heterocyclic and homocyclic compounds added to the non‐contaminated soil from well B 85 were not degraded under nitrate and sulfate reducing conditions, too. The results indicate that for the decision, wether natural attenuation can be implemented in the remediation of contaminated site, in addition to BTEX and PAHs especially the fate of further tar oil compounds in anoxic aquifers has to be considered. 相似文献
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基于增量弹塑性边界面理论,构建一种可以描述振动应力作用下饱和黏土弱化的边界面应力应变关系。该关系利用具有严谨理论基础的旋转硬化法则描述振动应力作用过程中边界面大小与位置的变化,并将塑性累积偏应变长度作为反映振动应力历史对饱和黏土应力应变响应影响的状态参数,通过建立包含状态参数的塑性模量插值关系描述饱和黏土振动弱化应力应变响应,进一步按照正交流动法则形成增量应力应变关系。该关系包含9个参数,其中5个是剑桥模型参数,其余4个参数有相对明确的物理意义。利用所构建的边界面应力应变关系,对两种黏土的等压固结不排水静三轴试验和动三轴试验进行预测,并与试验结果进行比较,结果表明这一关系能够较好描述振动应力作用下饱和黏土刚度与强度弱化特性。 相似文献
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无损介质中的线性波动方程在时间上是可逆的，换言之，对于每个解p(x,t)都存在一个关于时间对称的真实解p(x,-t)。分析表明，时间反转同样适合于无损非线性波动方程。然而当存在损耗时，这两种情形都不再遵守时间反转不变性。考虑到非线性的传播损耗不容忽视；同时它们是避免出现多值波形的必要条件。对非线性波动方程的进一步分析显示，即使对于无损耗非线性声波，对波列单元上的反转信号的放大仍然会导致时间反转不变性的损失。本文用数字模拟技术描述了在一种能量吸收性的流体介质中，非线性对有效聚焦的性能的影响，此时时间反转系统只就一个目标进行聚焦。我们同时考虑了反向传播脉冲的振幅与到达时间这两个因素。数值模拟结果证实，波列上（伴随能量吸收的）产生的谐波与振幅放大对时间反转系统形成高强度重建声场带来了不利影响。 相似文献
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Josephraj Jegan Kuppusamy Vijayaraghavan Ramalingham Senthilkumar Manickam Velan 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(9):837-842
Biodegradation of naphthalene by Micrococcus sp., isolated from the effluent of an activated sludge plant, was studied. The effects of pH (5–8), glucose concentration (100–1000 mg/L) and inoculum concentrations (1–5%) on the growth and naphthalene degradation potential of Micrococcus sp. were investigated. Maximum naphthalene degradation and subsequent high microbial growth were observed at optimum pH (pH 7), glucose concentration (500 mg/L) and inoculum concentration (3%). To investigate the maximum naphthalene tolerance potential of Micrococcus sp., very high concentrations of naphthalene (500–5000 mg/L) were used in the presence of non‐ionic surfactants. The examined surfactants (Triton X‐100 and Tween‐80) increased the bioavailability of naphthalene to the microbes and Complete naphthalene degradation by Micrococcus sp. was observed at an initial naphthalene concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the degradation potential decreases as the naphthalene concentration increases. Very high naphthalene concentrations also affected the growth of microbes and the corresponding substrate inhibition kinetics was described using four models (Haldane, Webb, Edward and Aiba). Based on correlation coefficient and percentage error values, all four substrate kinetic models were able to describe the dynamic behavior of naphthalene biodegradation by Micrococcus sp. 相似文献