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1.
青藏铁路块石路基冷却降温效果对比分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于现场地温监测数据,对青藏铁路两种主要块石路基（块石护坡及U型块石路基）在不同年平均地温分区的冷却降温效果进行对比分析,发现不论是在低温基本稳定区（年平均温度-2.0 ℃≤TCP<-1.0 ℃）还是高温极不稳定区（TCP>-0.5 ℃）,两种块石路基的应用都能够有效地提升路基下部多年冻土上限。但两种不同块石结构路基表现出不同的冷却降温效果,其中U型块石路基冷却降温效果较好,在路基下多年冻土上限提升及下伏浅层多年冻土降温的同时,深层多年冻土温度保持稳定;而块石护坡路基下人为多年冻土上限的提升及浅层多年冻土温度的降低一定程度上消耗了下伏深层多年冻土的冷量,从而导致其温度有所升高。同时,在不同的年平均地温分区块石路基表现出不同的冷却降温效果：年平均地温较低断面,块石路基冷却降温效果显著。在年平均地温较高的断面,尤其是高温极不稳定多年冻土区,块石护坡路基下伏深层多年冻土温度升高明显,路基长期稳定性难以得到保证。 相似文献
2.
青藏铁路普通路基下部冻土变化分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
高温高含冰量冻土地区,青藏铁路采取了冷却路基、降低多年冻土温度的工程措施.然而青藏铁路仍有大量路段未采用任何工程措施,因此修筑普通路基后冻土变化也是普遍关心的问题.根据青藏铁路普通路基下部土体温度监测的近期结果,分析了季节冻土区、已退化多年冻土区和多年冻土区路基下部冻土变化特征.结果表明,不同区域修筑普通路基,其下部土体温度、最大季节冻结深度、多年冻土上限等存在较大的差异.在季节冻土和已退化多年冻土区,右路肩下部(阴坡)已形成冻土隔年层;在多年冻土强烈退化区,其路基下部形成融化夹层;在高温多年冻土区,其路基下部上限存在抬升和下降,上限附近土体温度有升高的趋势.在低温多年冻土区,其路基下部上限全部抬升,上限附近土体存在"冷量"积累,有利于路基下部多年冻土热稳定性.因此,低温多年冻土区修筑普通路基后,冻土变化基本是向着有利于路基稳定性的方向发展,在其它地段修筑普通路基,冻土变化是向着不利于路基稳定性的方向发展的.特别是阴阳坡太阳辐射差异,导致了土体热状态和多年冻土上限形态产生较大的差异,这种差异将会对路基稳定性产生一定的影响. 相似文献
3.
块石路基是多年冻土区应用最为广泛的多年冻土路基形式. 为了研究多年冻土区修筑高速公路后块石路基的效果,选取青海省新建共和-玉树高速公路3个块石路基监测断面的实测资料,对路基修筑初期多年冻土温度状况进行了分析. 结果表明：路基修筑初期路基中心原天然地表下0.5 m处仍表现出季节变化规律,至原多年冻土上限深度处,温度波动幅度急剧减小. 块石路基的保温效果与年平均地温密切相关,年平均地温越低,对冻土的保护效果越显著. 受阴阳坡效应的影响,左路肩/坡脚温度高于右路肩/坡脚. 左右路肩及中心孔下多年冻土上限都得到不同程度的抬升,抬升幅度主要受路基高度影响,与多年冻土年平均地温没有必然关系. 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2017,(11):3304-3310
U型块石路基作为块石护坡与块石基底两种结构路基的组合,同时也作为青藏铁路的一种主要补强措施,其在高温冻土区的长期降温效果备受关注。基于长期的现场监测资料,对青藏铁路楚玛尔河高温冻土区一处U型块石路基的长期降温过程、降温机制以及变形特征进行了研究。结果表明:U型块石路基表现出持续稳定的降温效果,路基下部多年冻土上限附近降温明显,上限抬升迅速,且进入稳定状态。基底块石层底、顶板温差存在明显冷暖季差异。阴坡侧块石层每年1月至3月初为相对强烈自然对流期,阳坡侧相对缩短半个月时间。受工程热扰动影响,深层的多年冻土在经历2~3年升温过程后,呈现显著的降温过程。路基变形整体表现为较小的沉降量,变形主要来源于早期路基下部高温冻土层的压缩变形。总之,U型块石路基在高温冻土区表现出长期有效的降温效果,变形量有限且已趋于稳定,路基整体稳定性可以得到保证。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原脆弱的生态系统以及人类工程活动,加剧了青藏工程走廊线性工程两侧沙漠化、荒漠化发展趋势,尤其冻土块石路基面临日益严重的风积沙灾害问题。以多年冻土区高等级公路块石路基为研究对象,采用数值模拟分析风积沙环境下封闭块石路基的降温性能和长期热稳定性。结果表明：风积沙堆积对封闭块石路基下部土层冻土温度的影响程度高于冻土上限,1.0 m湿沙工况降低冻土温度,0.2 m干沙则增大冻土温度。升温背景下,随年平均气温增加风沙堆积对路基冻土上限影响程度增强,干沙增大冻土融化深度,湿沙抬升冻土上限。随冻土含冰量减小,路基中心冻土上限对气候升温敏感性增加,风沙堆积影响减弱。气候升温和风沙堆积条件下,在年平均气温低于-5.5℃时,宽幅沥青路面封闭块石路基能够满足降温要求,使人为冻土上限保持在块石层内。研究成果可为风沙危害区多年冻土块石路基的病害治理和拟建青藏高速公路块石路基设计提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
青藏铁路块石气冷结构路堤下冻土温度场变化分析 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：11
基于青藏铁路沿线多年冻土区温度监测断面,选取了不同冻土分区中的8个块石路堤结构(块石路基、块石护坡、块石路基加块石护坡)断面,对其下温度场的变化分析研究.结果表明:经过2~3个冻融循环后,块石结构路堤下冻土上限已抬升了1.4~5.3 m,说明块石路堤结构已起到了积极调节下伏冻土温度的作用.结果也显示,在上限抬升的同时,其下部的冻土地温也在升高,但是这种过程已逐渐被块石路堤结构的降温所抑制,而这种抑制程度受控于不同的冻土区域.在不同的冻土分区中,无论是何种形式的块石路堤结构,其降温趋势是不同的.Ⅳ和Ⅲ冻土区块石路堤基底的负温积累比较明显,而I和Ⅱ区的较弱. 相似文献
7.
青藏铁路碎石护坡-热管复合措施的补强效果研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏铁路高温冻土区的普通路基和保温材料路基均处于热不稳定状态, 需要对它们增设碎石护坡-热管复合措施来强化处理, 新增设的补强措施对路基下部冻土的保护效果如何是人们极为关心的问题. 因此, 对北麓河高温高含冰量路段增设了碎石护坡及热管的复合补强措施后路基下部土体的热状态进行观测.结果显示:普通路基在增设补强措施后, 人为冻土上限进一步抬升, 阴阳坡下均出现显著的降温趋势, 且路基下温度场逐渐趋于对称, 降温范围逐渐向路基中心及深部发展, 路堤中心深部地温仍处于增温状态, 但增温趋势明显缓减; 保温材料路基在增设补强措施后, 人为冻土上限也进一步的抬升至保温板附近, 融化夹层在2个冻融周期后消失, 路堤中心温度在2个冻融周期后出现了降温趋势. 这些效果说明, 补强措施在调控路基内部及下部多年冻土温度时发挥了积极作用. 相似文献
8.
多年冻土区管道通风路基温度边界条件及温度场实测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
管道通风路基在多年冻土地区是一种良好的主动保护冻土工程措施,但在应用数值方法研究其长期效果中,对边界条件的选取存在着困难,已有的计算结果也缺乏实体工程的验证.基于青藏铁路北麓河实体试验工程,对通风管中气温以及管壁温度进行了分析和拟合.结果表明:通风管中气温年平均值普遍高于环境气温,平均高出1.6~1.8℃,但在正温期管中气温与环境气温的最高值相差不大(<1℃),而负温期相差较大(达到2℃);路基阳坡面下0.5 m深度地温高于阴坡面3.5~5.5℃.普通路基填筑后在抬升多年上限的同时,也升高了上限附近的地温,且地温场在整个范围内表现出横向上显著的不对称性.通风路基可以对下伏多年冻土起到良好的主动保护作用,表现为冻土上限的抬升和地温的降低.但通风管埋设位置较高的情况下,路基地温场横向不对称范围涉及到原地面以下.降低通风管的埋设高度的情况下,边坡面换热导致的温度横向不对称范围被限制在通风管以上的土体中,而下部土体温度场横向不对称性将得到极大改善. 相似文献
9.
10.
青藏铁路遮阳棚路基试验工程效果实测研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
太阳辐射是导致气温和地表温度升高的主要因素之一,遮挡了太阳直接辐射后可以有效降低地表温度.基于青藏铁路冻土区遮阳棚路基试验工程监测数据,分析了遮阳棚内外的气温差异和路基地温特征.结果表明:遮阳棚能够降低棚内气温,监测期间棚内年平均气温低于天然条件下平均气温值0.6℃;监测期内天然条件下近地表0.1～0.3m范围的气温高于1.0m以上气温近1℃,但在棚体内部仅相差约0.3℃;日最高气温值在棚体内外的单日差值达6.0℃,平均气温值在地面0.1m高度处相差4.2℃,1.5m高度处相差2.1℃;在遮阳棚的作用下,棚体内部及附近土体地温有所降低,且多年冻土上限有一定的抬升,抬升最大幅度达1.0m.监测结果显示了遮阳棚对于保护路基下冻土的良好效果. 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
15.
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
18.
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献