共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
地球化学背景与地球化学基准 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
探讨了地球化学背景和地球化学基准的概念、含义和确定方法.认为随着地球化学的发展,地球化学背景的概念和含义都发生了很大的变化,由初期的注重其“量”到目前的关注其“质”,研究的目的不同,背景值的确定途径也不同.无论是地球化学背景还是地球化学基准,共同之处在于它们独特的参考功能,正是这种参照性质使地球化学背景和地球化学基准的研究在进行环境质量评价和环境立法时具有重要的理论意义和实用价值. 相似文献
2.
确定岩性复杂区的地球化学背景与异常的方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地球化学背景和异常的确定是化探找矿的关键。不论是水系沉积物还是土壤地球化学测量,岩性对许多元素背景值的影响都是十分显著的。在地质情况复杂的区域内,采用统一的异常下限值圈定异常是不合理的。根据样品的成矿元素与氧化物(SiO2)的相关关系,确定了岩性对成矿元素背景的影响。对受岩性影响显著的成矿元素,通过线性回归模型,以残差置信带确定元素异常的下限。实例研究证明,该方法在很大程度上消除了岩性变化对成矿元素背景的影响,能够有效地区分元素背景和异常。 相似文献
3.
滑坡危险度区划方法及其应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在滑坡研究的基础上总结了滑坡危险度区划的研究方法。建立了综合因素分析和本底因素评价的指标体系,提出了综合因素叠加法、本底因素贡献权重叠加法和本底因素模糊判别推理法的区划模型,介绍了这些方法的应用及试验结果。还对滑坡危险度区划研究中存在的3个主要问题进行了讨论：评价指标数量选择、最佳权重确定方法和危险性等级划分的标准。 相似文献
4.
贵州地壳表层构造地球化学分区及其意义 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
根据贵州所处大地构造位置，在前人划分的扬子陆块、江南造山带和右江造山带构造单元的基础上，结合水系沉积物测量区域化探扫面成果，划分出四川盆地边缘SiO2-Na2O高背景地球化学区，黔北隆起F－CaO-MgO及亲基性元素高背景地球化学区，黔西断陷Au-As-Sb-Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe3O3亲硫元素及亲基性元素强聚集地球化学区，黔南台陷Cd-Hg-Sb-Ag-SiO2高背景地球化学区，江南造山带Ba-Ag-Al2O3－K2O-Na2O高背景地球化学区和右江造山带B－Au-Sb-SiO2高背景地球化学区等6个地球化学区。结合有关资料还在阐述各区地球化学特征的基础上，探讨了它们的科学意义。 相似文献
5.
生态地球化学评价中建立土壤元素地球化学背景方法研究:以太原盆地潮土中Hg、Cd、Pb、As为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
深层土壤与表层土壤中元素质量分数的差异被一些学者归因于表层土壤受人为污染所致。文中通过解析山西太原盆地深、表层潮土中Hg、Cd、Pb、As的地球化学分布特征,并通过对比研究区与基本保持清洁状态的源区土壤中相应元素质量分数变化特征,论述了成壤过程中元素的自然分异作用是造成深、表层潮土中Hg、Cd、Pb、As质量分数显著差异的主要原因,以及人为污染仅在局部地区造成Hg、Cd、Pb、As在表层潮土中富集的观点。通过求解太原盆地表层潮土中Hg、Cd、Pb、As地球化学背景值的实例,详细介绍了以深层土壤元素的地球化学背景为参照系,运用相关分析和累积频率分析求解表层土壤元素地球化学背景值的方法。 相似文献
6.
The threshold between geochemical background and anomalies can be influenced by the methodology selected for its estimation. Environmental evaluations, particularly those conducted in mineralized areas, must consider this when trying to determinate the natural geochemical status of a study area, quantifying human impacts, or establishing soil restoration values for contaminated sites. Some methods in environmental geochemistry incorporate the premise that anomalies (natural or anthropogenic) and background data are characterized by their own probabilistic distributions. One of these methods uses exploratory data analysis (EDA) on regional geochemical data sets coupled with a geographic information system (GIS) to spatially understand the processes that influence the geochemical landscape in a technique that can be called a spatial data analysis (SDA). This EDA–SDA methodology was used to establish the regional background range from the area of Catorce–Matehuala in north-central Mexico. Probability plots of the data, particularly for those areas affected by human activities, show that the regional geochemical background population is composed of smaller subpopulations associated with factors such as soil type and parent material. This paper demonstrates that the EDA–SDA method offers more certainty in defining thresholds between geochemical background and anomaly than a numeric technique, making it a useful tool for regional geochemical landscape analysis and environmental geochemistry studies. 相似文献
7.
Mufreh S. Al-Rashidi Mohamed F. Yassin Nawaf S. Alhajeri Marium J. Malek 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(3):59
There is a great demand for estimating the ambient air pollutant background concentrations in order to assess the effectiveness of different emission control strategies. In this paper, the background concentrations of four pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) pollutants in urban, suburban, and rural environments were investigated using Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter technique. Air quality data from monitoring stations over a period of 4 years (2007–2010) was analyzed for three locations in Kuwait, namely urban, suburban, and rural. The spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, and monthly) variations of the four pollutants were analyzed. The results show that the levels of ambient air pollutant background concentrations were high in the urban site compared to suburban and rural area. The diurnal variation of SO2 concentration showed an early morning peak, while the diurnal variation of NOx concentration constituted has two peaks, one was in the early morning hours (5 to 8 a.m.) and the second was in nighttime hours (8 to 11 p.m.). These two peaks were observed at all three locations. The monthly background NOx concentration reached a maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Diurnal variation of CO concentration showed a similar trend to SO2 concentrations in all three locations. Because of the photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere, the background concentration of O3 showed an inverse relation with respect to background concentration of NOx. 相似文献
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长江中下游及邻区基底和花岗岩成矿元素丰度背景的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文系统地研究了长江中下游及邻区的结晶基底,褶皱基底及花岗岩岩基成矿元素丰度背景,从而为区域Ｃｕ、Ａｕ,Ｗ、Ｓｎ等成矿作用提供了一套完整的基础地球化学数据,用此来作为窥视地壳组成及成矿作用时空演变的窗口。 相似文献
10.
桃山铀矿田成矿系统及矿化网络 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章以成矿系统为理论基础,从成矿背景和环境、成矿要素、成矿作用过程、成矿产物及其保存等方面阐述了桃山矿田铀矿床形成-变化-保存的全过程。研究表明,桃山地区铀成矿与中新生代伸展拉张构造-热液成矿系统密切相关,在此背景下,多因耦合、临界转换是成矿作用的主要机理。文章在对本区铀矿化网络各类矿床的发育程度、时空关系、成因联系以及被改造情况等进一步研究的基础上,分析和探讨了桃山矿田下一步的找矿方向。 相似文献
11.
In recent years environmental geochemical mapping has assumed an increasing relevance and separation of background values to evaluate pollution is, probably, even more critical than the separation between background and anomalies in mineral prospecting studies. The recognition of background values assumes particular relevance as a function of national environmental legislation, which fixes intervention limits for some elements, such as the harmful ones (e.g. As, Cd, Hg, Pb). In this paper a recently developed multifractal IDW interpolation method and a fractal filtering technique are applied to separate natural background and anthropogenic values for the compilation of environmental geochemical mapping from stream sediment samples of Campania region (Italy), where no mineralization occurs. To discuss the application of these recently developed techniques the elements Pb and U were selected because they show two completely different situations, the high Pb values being mostly of anthropogenic origin and high U values being mostly of geogenic origin. The new fractal filtering method works well in both extreme situations. 相似文献
12.
路基沉降是一个复杂的系统过程,常用的单点预测模型不能考虑各沉降监测点间的相关性,不足以反映路基整体的变形规律。多变量灰色模型MGM(1, n)是单点GM(1, 1)模型在多元变量条件下的拓展,可以实现对路基中相互影响的多个监测点变形预测模型的建模和预测。针对传统多变量灰色模型背景值取值存在的误差,利用非齐次指数函数拟合模型中各变量的一次累加生成序列重构了背景值计算公式,提出了背景值优化的多变量灰色模型。对路基横断面上3个监测点进行了灰色关联分析,建立了相应的背景值优化的MGM(1,3)模型,采用新陈代谢方法预测路基沉降值。实例计算表明,与传统MGM (1, n)模型以及GM(1, 1)模型相比,背景值优化的多变量灰色模型具有更高的预测精度,显示了该方法进行路基沉降预测的有效性。 相似文献
13.
To more correctly estimate the error covariance of an evolved state of a nonlinear dynamical system, the second and higher-order
moments of the prior error need to be known. Retrospective optimal interpolation (ROI) may require relatively less information
on the higher-order moments of the prior errors than an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) because it uses the initial conditions
as the background states instead of forecasts. Analogous to the extension of a Kalman filter into an EnKF, an ensemble retrospective
optimal interpolation (EnROI) technique was derived using the Monte Carlo method from ROI. In contrast to the deterministic
version of ROI, the background error covariance is represented by a background ensemble in EnROI. By sequentially applying
EnROI to a moving limited analysis window and exploiting the forecast from the average of the background ensemble of EnROI
as a guess field, the computation costs for EnROI can be reduced. In the numerical experiment using a Lorenz-96 model and
a Model-III of Lorenz with a perfect-model assumption, the cost-effectiveness of the suboptimal version of EnROI is demonstrated
to be superior to that of EnKF using perturbed observations. 相似文献
14.
Gamma-ray spectrometer(GRS) is used to detect the elemental abundances and distributions on the lunar surface.To derive the elemental abundances,it is vital to acquire background gamma rays except lunar gamma rays.So GRS would observe background spectra in the course of earth-moon transfer on schedule.But in fact,GRS was not switched on in the course of flying toward the moon.After the CE-1 probe finished one-year mission,GRS car-ried out a test on background data on November 21?22,2008.The authors did conduct research on the methods of background deduction using 2105 hours of usable gamma-ray spectra acquired at the 200-km orbital height by the GRS and more than 5 hours of gamma-ray spectra acquired in the GRS background test.The final research results showed that the method of deducting the background using the minimum counts in the CE-1 GRS pixels is optimal for the elements,U,K and Th.The method applies to such a case that the elemental abundances in the pixel with the minimum counting rate are 0 μg/g and the continuum background counts are constant over the Moon.Based on the method of background deduction,the full energy peak counts of U,K,and Th are calculated. 相似文献
15.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):491-499
Separation of geochemical anomalies from background are one of the important steps in mineral exploration. The Khooni mineral district (Central Iran) has complex geochemical surface expression due to a complex geological background. This region was chosen as a study area for recognition of the spatial distribution of geochemical elements and separating anomalies from background using stream sediment geochemical data. In the past decades, geochemical anomalies have been identified by means of various methods. Some of these separation methods include: statistical analysis methods, spatial statistical methods and fractal and multi-fractal methods. In this article, two efficient methods, i.e. U-statistics and the fractal concentration-area for separation and detection of anomalous areas of the background were used. The U spatial statistic method is a weighted mean, which considers sampling point positions and their spatial relation in the estimation of anomaly location. Also, fractal and multi-fractal models have also been applied to separate anomalies from background values. In this paper, the concentration–area model (C–A) was suggested to separate the anomaly of background. For this purpose, about 256 stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed. Then anomaly maps of elements were generated based on U spatial statistics and the C-A fractal methods for Au, As and Sb elements. According to obtained results, the U-statistics method performed better than C-A method. Because the comparisons of the known deposits and occurrences against the anomalous area created using thresholds from U-statistics and C-A method show that the spatial U-statistics method hits all of 3 known deposits and occurrences, the C-A fractal method hits 1 and fails 2. In addition, the results showed that these methods with regard to spatial distribution and variability within neighboring samples, in addition to concentration value frequency distributions and correlation coefficients, have more accurate results than the traditional approaches. 相似文献
16.
利用贵州省耕地质量地球化学调查评价项目数据资料,统计了全省454431件表层耕地土壤样品中21种化学元素和有机质含量的地球化学背景值及其置信范围值。总体来看,贵州省耕地土壤有机质、N、P等养分的背景值较高,K的背景值略低;Se、Ge特色元素的背景值较高,表明我省具有发展富硒、富锗特色农业的巨大潜力;As、Cr、Hg、Pb等环境元素的背景值较低,但Cd的背景值略高,在耕地开发利用时应关注其安全性。贵州省耕地土壤化学元素背景值的统计对全面认识全省耕地土壤养分质量、环境质量现状具有重要的现实意义,也对制定耕地土壤质量保护法规及地方标准的提供了重要依据。 相似文献
17.
Geochemical and statistical approach to evaluate background concentrations of Cd,Cu, Pb and Zn (case study: Eastern Poland) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Wojciech Zgłobicki Lesia Lata Andrzej Plak Marek Reszka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):347-355
An attempt was made to evaluate background concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by means of geochemical and statistical approach.
As many as 753 samples taken from 51 profiles located in Eastern Poland were analysed. For the estimation of geochemical background
values, direct geochemical methods and a statistical analysis for the whole population of samples were applied. Average values
of heavy metal concentration in loess sediments (bedrock) as well as in profiles not affected by human activity were measured.
The iterative 2σ technique and calculated distribution function were chosen as statistical methods. The resulting values (background
concentrations range) were as follows: Cd 0.5–0.9 mg kg−1, Cu 5–16 mg kg−1, Pb 12–26 mg kg−1 and Zn 31–47 mg kg−1. All the methods applied gave similar results. The highest deviation of the background was noted for Cu and the lowest for
Zn. The lowest values of background were obtained for loess sediments and the highest in the case of the multiple 2σ method. 相似文献
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应用FVCOM海洋模式,建立长江口附近海域海洋模型。通过径流、风场、潮汐、斜压和背景流场等不同环境因素下的数值模拟并结合"我国近海海洋综合调查与评价"专项长江口区域的调查资料进行分析,对长江冲淡水的扩展情况进行研究。数值实验再现了长江冲淡水在夏季的转向现象,通过实验对比分析发现长江冲淡水的转向主要是受风场控制,其中斜压效应、潮汐潮流、背景流场对冲淡水的转向影响不明显。长江径流和潮汐潮流只影响长江口附近的较小区域,背景流场本身比较稳定,对长江冲淡水扩展的季节变化影响不大,斜压效应在长江冲淡水转向过程中所起作用较小。 相似文献
20.
Based on observed velocity data of ADCP for near-inertial wave evolution characteristics of generation and propagation, the difference of shifting effect was found in winter and summer. The background circulation in winter and summer is northeast and southwest, respectively. The diversity of the background flow directions may take an important part in shifting effect of the near-inertial wave motion. According to the different directions of the background circulation, the signals of near-inertial oscillation were screened out and analyzed by synthesis for discussing how the directions of background circulation affected the characteristics of near-inertial oscillation. The mechanism of this effect was explained from the perspective of background vorticity: As the direction of background circulation is the northeast, the background vorticity becomes negative and the effective frequency decreases, the near-inertial oscillation frequency shifts to low frequency band (red shift); contrarily, the background vorticity becomes positive and the effective frequency increases with the southwest background circulation, the near-inertial oscillation frequency shifts to high frequency band (blue shift). 相似文献