共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Summary The 3000 Orebody is one of two orebodies in the Deep Copper Mine at Mount Isa, Australia. Owing to concerns about potential shaft pillar instabilities, an integrated seismic system was introduced to monitor seismic activity associated with pillar and country rock deformation. Coupled with numerical modelling of the stress regime, the system may assist in the characterization of rock mass damage resulting from mining, and perhaps the identification of near- and far-field geological structures that affect stope performance. A study was undertaken to quantify the seismicity and to determine potential applications of the seismic technology. The relation between geological structure and seismicity is strong, suggesting good prospects for the use of the system in the ground-control activities noted above. The induction of seismicity, which involves small magnitude events, is associated with reduction of normal stress on planes of weakness, suggesting that stress path may be an important factor in the level of seismicity observed in hard rock mines. 相似文献
2.
Summary This paper describes the results from a continuing research project started in 1984, which is investigating improved methods for predicting the underground climate in hot mines. The Homestake Gold Mine in South Dakota was the site for testing methods, based on radial heat flow theory, to measurein situ values of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of rock. The methods used proved to be quite within the capability of mine staff to carry out for themselves. The results were acceptable and verified thatin situ thermal rock properties can differ considerably from laboratory determined values, in this case by a factor of approximately two.A mine climate simulation program, CLIMSIM, was applied to case studies from the Homestake mine using the measured thermal rock parameters. The results showed good correlation between the measured and simulated values. 相似文献
3.
J. Sjöberg 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1993,26(3):253-275
Summary The design of pillars in cut-and-fill mining and open stoping in vertical and subvertical orebodies is of vital importance in optimizing mining operations. The primary requirement for a good and reliable design technique is the ability to represent the actual physical behaviour of the pillar. In this paper, a new methodology for stope roof and sill pillar design is proposed for the Zinkgruvan Mine in Sweden. Studies of failure modes, local geology and rock mass characteristics were carried out to correlate failure modes to different geomechanical environments. For preliminary design, crude and ready-to-use stress level criteria were extracted from simple linear elastic modelling. More detailed modelling was used to simulate observed failures in a mechanically realistic manner and, at the same time, to help identify the fundamental failure mechanisms. Once the correct models and input parameters were identified, a set of guidelines on choice of model and parameter values were produced. The models can be used for design of new mining areas at Zinkgruvan, and the methodology could also be applied to other mines with similar geomechanical conditions. 相似文献
4.
The study of rock pillar failure mechanisms is an issue that is faced routinely in mining and civil industries. In mining operation, the establishment of several mining levels is often necessary to ensure adequate production. This result in the formation of pillars that must be recovered under often high stress conditions at later stages of excavation. It is, therefore, beneficial to develop guidelines that can be used in the design of rock pillars. The aim of this paper is to delve into the mechanisms involved in pillar failure as well as to investigate the non-linear behavior of rock pillars. An extensive numerical analysis was carried out to study the pillar deformation and failure process under natural loading conditions. Effects of pillar geometry and pillar strength parameters on pillar behavior were investigated for hard rock material typical of Canadian mining conditions. Numerical data were compared against field data recorded in Canadian mines. A fairly good match was achieved between numerical and field data and the conducted analysis can be used as a qualitative guideline in the design of rock pillars in underground structures. 相似文献
5.
G. S. P. Singh U. K. Singh V. M. S. R. Murthy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(4):513-524
A proper understanding of complex behaviour of rock mass has always been difficult for reliable design and safe operation
of mining structures. Numerical modelling has emerged as a popular tool solving the static as well as the dynamic processes
assisting in proper design and operation of the structures. This paper introduces the basics of different numerical modelling
approaches and underlines their strength and limitations. Various applications of numerical modelling techniques for strata
management in mines are discussed. Practical examples of a few of the issues like pillar design, soft floor behaviour, shotcrete
support design, and prediction of caving behaviour and support selection for longwall workings etc., as studied by the authors,
are also illustrated. 相似文献
6.
Improving Short- and Long-term Stability of Underground Gypsum Mine Using Partial and Total Backfill 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohamed Marwan Al Heib Christophe Didier Farimeh Masrouri 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2010,43(4):447-461
The stability of underground mines represents a key issue for active and abandoned mines. Over the last few years, several collapses of underground mines in France have affected existing buildings and infrastructures. Many factors are generally identified as the cause of failures: pillar ageing, fractures, and pillars’ height to width ratio, etc. Among the treatment techniques available to prevent instability and reduce the deterioration of pillars, backfill is the most frequently used. A research programme, supported by the French Ministry of the Environment, was developed to study the operability of partial and total backfill using waste material in the Livry-Gargan gypsum mine (near Paris, France), where pillar height is 17 m. The paper focuses on: (1) the characterisation of the gypsum and fill material (laboratory and in situ tests), (2) the in situ measurements, involving 5 pillars equipped with 19 pressure cells, since 1999, (3) and numerical modelling of fractured pillars performed in order to improve understanding of the effects of backfill on the stability of room-and-pillar mines. The study clearly shows the operability and the advantages of partial and total backfill for short-term pillar stability. The induced horizontal pressure generated by backfill can reach 200 kPa. The use of numerical modelling also shows the effect of backfill on fractures and that backfill reduces indicatively the shear displacement and the opening of fractures. Numerical modelling helps in identifying the mechanisms of backfill and in a better understanding of the behaviour of backfilled mines. 相似文献
7.
Stability Analysis of the 19A Ore Pass at Brunswick Mine Using a Two-Stage Numerical Modeling Approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamran Esmaieli John Hadjigeorgiou Martin Grenon 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(6):1323-1338
The longevity of ore pass systems is an important consideration in underground mines. This is controlled to a degree by the structural stability of an ore pass which can be compromised by changes in the stress regime and the degree of fracturing of the rock mass. A failure mechanism specific to ore pass systems is damage on the ore pass wall by impact load or wear by material flow. Structural, stress and material flow-induced failure mechanisms interact with severe repercussions, although in most cases one mechanism is more dominant. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the interaction of ore pass failure mechanisms in an operating mine. This can provide an aid in the design of ore pass systems. A two-stage numerical approach was used for the back analysis of an ore pass at Brunswick mine in Canada. The first stage in the analysis relied on a 3D boundary element analysis to define the stress regime in the vicinity of the ore pass. The second stage used a synthetic rock mass (SRM) model, constructed from a discrete fracture network, generated from quantitative rock mass field data. The fracture network geometry was introduced into a bonded particle model, in a particle flow code (PFC). Subsequently, the ore pass was excavated within the SRM model. A stability analysis quantified the extent of rock mass failure around the ore pass due to the interaction of pre-existing fractures and the failure of the intact rock bridges between these fractures. The resulting asymmetric failure patterns along the length of the ore pass were controlled to a large degree by the in situ fractures. The influence of particle flow impact was integrated into the model by projecting a discrete rock fragment against the ore pass walls represented by the SRM model. The numerical results illustrated that material impact on ore pass walls resulted in localised damage and accelerated the stress-induced failure. 相似文献
8.
S. Y. Wang S. W. Sloan M. L. Huang C. A. Tang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):179-198
Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic
emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented
for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness,
but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars,
the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent
rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial
compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when
two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure
zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage
always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance
with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state
in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external
loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes
of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same. 相似文献
9.
矿井初步设计中边界防隔水煤岩柱留设探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对一些矿井初步设计中留设边界防隔水煤岩柱不合理而引发矿井老空水矿难的现实,探讨了影响矿井间边界防隔水煤岩柱安全稳定性的因素,提出应充分考虑煤岩柱受覆岩应力破坏变形、覆岩受采动影响产生岩移破坏等,综合分析计算煤柱有效稳定性弹性核区宽度、覆岩导水裂缝带上限岩柱宽度及其抗静水压能力等,择优选取留设矿井边界防隔水煤岩柱。以济宁煤田济宁二矿与三矿边界煤柱的留设为例,计算其边界煤柱留设尺寸为99.56m,较原设计的40m有较大出入,据此对两矿井边界隔离煤柱进行了相应调整,确保了矿井的安全生产。该方法也可用于矿井留设采区、区段隔离煤柱的计算。 相似文献
10.
Material transfer in underground mines often relies on ore and waste pass systems. In mines where ore pass systems transcend
multiple production levels, finger raises are used to funnel material into the system. Empirical evidence, from several mines,
suggests that the use of finger raises often results in damage in the immediate vicinity of finger raise-ore pass junctions.
Of particular concern is damage on the ore pass walls as a result of impact loads generated by material flowing through the
fingers on to the ore pass walls. The severity of damage is directly related to the rock mass quality of the excavation walls,
material properties of transiting ore and the ore pass-finger raise configuration. This paper examines the influence of different
configurations aiming to develop strategies to minimize ore pass wall damage. To these purposes the Particle Flow Code was
employed to undertake a series of numerical experiments. This involved dumping a batch of rock fragments, represented by a
uniform distribution of disc-shaped particles, into a finger raise and allowed to flow into an ore pass. It has been clearly
demonstrated that higher impact loads were generated when the angle of intersection between ore pass and finger raise was
140° to 145°. This configuration results in the most damage. The results of these numerical experiments were collaborated
by observations at an underground mine in Canada. 相似文献
11.
A number of pillars are left developed in some of the Chinese metal mines due to careless mining and lack of proper planning. There are pillars in such mines which do not contribute much in supporting the covered rock mass. Re-exploitation of these standing (non-supporting) pillars can be an efficient method for resource recovery if the remaining pillars ensure the stability of the covered host rock. In this study, a tungsten mine in Jiangxi Province, China, was chosen as a case for studying this pillar recovery scheme. Based on accurate in situ stress measurement data in the original and disturbed host rock, the storage energy in the rock mass could be estimated by numerical simulation methods. After comparing the storage energy to the sum of the fractured energy consumption and friction energy consumption (obtained from lab tests), the recyclable pillars can be identified by a cyclic judgment programming process. 相似文献
12.
Deyu Qian Nong Zhang Hideki Shimada Cheng Wang Takashi Sasaoka Nianchao Zhang 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(1):82
Goaf-side entry driving in underground coal mines could greatly improve coal recovery rates. However, it becomes more difficult to maintain stability, especially in deep coal mines. Pillar width plays a pivotal role in the stability of goaf-side entry driving. To obtain a reasonable and appropriate narrow pillar width, theoretical calculations of the widths of mining-damaged zone and limit equilibrium zone in the pillar are derived according to limit equilibrium theory. Based on the stability issues of goaf-side entry driving in the first island longwall coal face (LCF) at a depth of 800 m below the surface in Guqiao Coal Mine in China, a numerical model is established by FLAC software to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock of goaf-side entry driving during excavation, using various coal pillar widths and support schemes. The results obtained from theoretical calculations, numerical simulation, and engineering practice indicate that an 8-m-wide coal pillar is relatively reasonable, appropriate, and feasible. Field measurements show that deformations of the surrounding rock could be efficiently controlled 31 days after the support schemes were implemented in goaf-side entry driving with an 8-m-wide narrow pillar along the adjacent goaf side with a compaction duration of 10 months. The mining influence range of the overlying LCF on the stability of goaf-side entry driving is found to be the area from 50 m ahead of the LCF to 70 m behind the LCF as it passes over the measurement point. 相似文献
13.
黄土丘陵区房柱式开采地表塌陷特征及机理分析——以陕北府谷县新民镇小煤矿为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对陕北府谷县新民镇小煤矿采煤地表大面积塌陷的调查和分析,总结出黄土丘陵区房柱式开采地表的塌陷特征,并以西岔沟煤矿房柱式开采为例,对其两种参数顶板岩梁应力、煤柱载荷、煤柱强度进行分析及对比,结果表明合理设计煤柱和煤房尺寸可以防止采煤地表大面积塌陷。 相似文献
14.
围岩蚀变有一部分是成矿作用的结果。与成矿作用关系密切的围岩蚀变是矿质沉淀之前的早期围岩蚀变,它的矿物组合在化学上能够接受矿石的沉淀。实际上这样的围岩蚀变是矿石沉淀的条件准备,是早期的热水溶液与有利的围岩介质环境相互作用的结果,所以它是有利于矿质沉淀的地球化学环境的综合体现。后期蚀变围岩新的矿物组合是造岩元素重新分配的结果,因此造岩元素的地球化学异常无疑反映了有利于矿质沉淀的地球化学循环和成矿作用。斑岩铜矿和黑矿型矿床分别具有典型的造岩元素地球化学异常模式,其空间分布形态和量的变化与矿化范围及赋矿部位具有密切的对应关系。包体成分的研究、矿质的络合物迁移理论、矿液与围岩间的物质交换以及黄铁矿矿床成矿初期所成的“交代岩柱”等均表明造岩元素控制了成矿组分的迁移、聚集和沉淀。因此造岩元素地球化学异常不仅是矿床地球化学研究的重要内容,且是地球化学找矿评价尤其是找盲矿的重要标志。 相似文献
15.
16.
Wael R. Abdellah Haitham M. Ahmed Mohammed A. Hefni 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(1):41-51
Stope stability is a key factor for the success of a mining operation. To optimise ore productivity while maintaining stope stability, the mining block/stope must be extracted in stages. Ore dilution will occur if the stope is not properly excavated/blasted. This study examines stope stability during mining in three stages, where the height of each stage stope is 10 m. The paper also presents simulation analysis of a typical steeply dipping tabular orebody at 1200 m depth below the surface, which is common in many Canadian underground hard rock mines. Numerical modelling analysis was conducted using the finite element program, RS2D, where the non-linear elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was adopted. The rock reinforcement system (i.e. cable bolts) was modelled/installed in the stope footwall after each mining stage to strengthen access drifts and stabilise the rock mass around the stope that was disturbed by mining activity. Results are discussed in terms of depth of failure zones, total deformation and axial forces in cable bolts with respect to mining stage. 相似文献
17.
在用“２Ｄ σ”软件对所建模型进行数值计算的基础上, 分析了因采煤引起淮北矿区下部含水层水位下降而对井壁产生的影响。其表现为： 下部含水层水位下降将引起地层压缩沉降; 地层与井壁间产生附加应力, 并在基岩下部产生应力为零的中性点; 轴向应力由小变大; 当第一含水层和下部含水层同时有水位下降时, 也有类似的规律。计算结果与淮北诸矿井壁变形位置及变化状况基本相符, 因此在此基础上进行的井筒优化设计具有实际指导意义 相似文献
18.
考虑塑性应变率梯度的单轴压缩岩样轴向响应 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
基于剪切应变率梯度格式,采用解析方式研究了岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下的应变软化的结构响应。根据非局部连续介质模型,提出了一维二阶剪切应变率梯度格式。非局部剪切应变率与局部剪切应变率及其二阶梯度有关。将经典塑性理论中的局部剪切应变率替换为非局部剪切应变率,可以直接得到局部剪切应变率的封闭解析解,而不必通过将局部剪切应变对时间求导获得。通过对局部剪切应变率积分,得到了沿剪切带方向的相对剪切速度。试件峰值强度后的端部速度由弹性及塑性两部分构成。前一部分由虎克定律描述;后一部分与相对剪切速度有关。对弹性及塑性两部分速度求和,得到了单轴压缩岩样剪切破坏问题轴向响应的解析式。研究表明：试样高度越大、内部长度越小、剪切软化模量越大及泊松比越小,则岩样的轴向响应倾向于脆性。根据岩样与矿柱的相似性,岩样响应倾向于脆性,意味着矿柱将失去稳定性,发生矿柱岩爆。目前的基于剪切应变率梯度格式的主要优点是简洁。 相似文献
19.
The Pb isotopic composition of ores is one of the important approaches to trace the ore sources.It has not yet been applied to research on bauxite ore so far.The current research on bauxite deposits in western Guangxi,China,seldom focuses on raw bauxite and studies on raw bauxite are mostly at macro-level.This study is the first to apply Pb isotope data to tracing bauxite ore sources.The Pb isotopic compositions of ore and rock samples from the Nadou and Taiping mining districts are projected on the Doe and Zartman plumbotectonic models and the results showed that the ore resources are different for the two mines. 相似文献
20.
为了解深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控技术研究进展,对国内外相关文献进行了归纳总结。首先,从事前避免岩爆产生、事中降低岩爆危害及事后规避岩爆伤害等3个角度提出了岩爆风险防控的总体思路。然后,根据该思路归纳了岩爆防控的技术类型,并详细分析了各技术的内涵及其防控岩爆的机制。最后,对岩爆风险防控技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。结果表明：现有深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控技术可归纳为采矿设计、卸压技术、岩层改性、岩体支护及人员暴露等5个方面。其中,采矿设计包括采矿方法、采场参数、矿柱留设、回采顺序、回采速率及空区处理;卸压技术包括卸压爆破、卸压槽、卸压巷、卸压孔及卸压缝;岩层改性包括水压致裂、约束爆破及注水软化;岩体支护包括表面支护、内部支护及组合支护;人员暴露包括再进入协议、远程设备及人员防护。未来可从不同类型及不同风险等级岩爆防控体系构建、新技术研发、防控时机及效果评估等方面建立深部硬岩矿山岩爆风险防控指南。 相似文献