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长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物粒度记录及其对环境变化的响应 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
江苏圆陀角位于长江口北支与江苏海岸交汇处,海岸沉积动力环境复杂,潮滩沉积物粒度变化记录了潮滩环境变化的信息.根据2007年4月采集的表层样和钻孔岩芯粒度分析,圆陀角附近Yyb断面表层沉积物粒度在互花米草滩前缘较粗,大堤前岸滩最粗,光滩和互花米草滩粒度较细.YY孔岩芯沉积物粒度组成以砂质粉砂为主,粒度变化自下向上呈先由粗变细再变粗的特点,表层样和钻孔岩芯粒度变化反映了潮滩沉积物对风暴潮、潮汐海洋动力、大米草和互花米草种植以及大规模围垦的综合响应.173Cs测年结果推算出YY孔岩芯1954年以来、1963年以来、1975年以来和1986年以来的平均沉积速率分别为2.38cm/a,2.23cm/a,2.44cm/a和1.24cm/a.岩芯沉积物的沉积速率总体随潮滩淤积增高而下降,1975～1986年间沉积速率的快速增加,主要与圆陀角附近互花米草的快速淤积有关. 相似文献
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潮滩沉积环境与岩相对比研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
潮滩沉积是海陆交互作用的产物,形成于海岸坡度平缓、有丰富的细粒泥沙供应,以潮流动力为主的低能海岸环境,尤以河-海作用活跃的边缘海环境最为发育。潮滩沉积以粉砂为主,由于涨落潮流往复循环,潮滩具有动力、沉积、地貌与生物群体的分带现象。因海平面涨落与波浪参与的扰动筛选,导致潮滩沉积中的粗粒沉积物含量及微地貌形态的变化。这些因素反映于潮滩沉积相中具有下列特点:粉砂与粘土质交互叠置的页状层理;原始沉积层自下向上,粒径组成逐渐变细;下部的粉砂质层具有波痕、鱼刺状或丘状的交错层理、透镜体与扰动结构,或潮水沟堆积的镶嵌沙体;上部淤泥质层中具有草根、龟裂、虫管与钙质填充物、泥砾、泥块等。将现代潮滩沉积与南京钟山北麓下三叠统的黄马青组砂页岩,以及海口马村的下更新统湛江组粘土、粉砂岩进行对比,据泥沙粒径、矿物组合与含量,盐度,特别是薄互层理,虫管与钙质填充,泥裂块,波痕与交错层理等多项对比,均具有极好的相似性,表明该两组岩层为古潮滩沉积。 相似文献
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为研究潮汐作用下潮沟网络形成、演变规律,结合江苏沿海粉砂淤泥质潮滩实际情况,建立试验室物理模型,模拟具有一定坡度的潮滩在潮汐作用下的地形演变,分析了潮沟发育演变中的水沙运动规律,研究了潮差对于潮沟发育的影响。研究表明,潮沟发育过程受到床面坡度变化的影响,坡度均一的潮滩上,潮沟系统通过相邻小潮沟相互连接而形成,没有明显的潮沟头部溯源侵蚀现象;在潮汐作用下,涨潮初期和落潮后期水流流速较快,泥沙运动主要出现在这一阶段,在潮滩中部泥沙运动最为剧烈;潮差对于潮沟系统形态和结构的影响较小,潮滩排水路径长度与子流域面积呈幂函数分布,潮差越大则潮沟系统越早达到动态平衡,且具有更大的拓宽潮沟的作用。 相似文献
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江苏圆陀角位于长江北支岸线与江苏海岸线的交汇处,发育了粉砂淤泥质海岸典型潮滩地貌,潮滩岩芯沉积物粒度变化记录了潮滩环境变化的信息。2007年在圆陀角附近潮滩采集了192cm长的柱状岩芯,对沉积物的粒度组成进行了分析,分析结果显示,砂质粉砂是主要的沉积类型,岩芯分为三部分,从下部向上,粗颗粒沉积组分减少,反映了采样点附近潮滩环境由潮滩中部向上部转化的过程。根据岩芯沉积物137Cs的1963年和1986年两个蓄积峰值时标推算,1963年以来的平均沉积速率为2.3cm/a,1986年以来的平均沉积速率为1.6cm/a,1963～1986年之间的平均沉积速率达到2.9cm/a。沉积速率变化表明20世纪60年代以来伴随潮滩淤积增高,圆陀角附近潮滩沉积物的沉积速率下降,大体与辐射沙洲南翼淤积型潮滩淤积速率一致,小于长江口外的泥沙沉积速率。泥沙来源主要是苏北沿岸流携带的部分泥沙在圆陀角附近沉积,伴随研究区围垦活动向海推进,在长江北支口门北侧形成了大片的泥质潮滩和水下沙嘴。 相似文献
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以江苏中部海岸潮滩沉积为原型,提出了获取潮滩沉积记录中沉积层保存潜力信息的正演模拟方法。模拟结果显示,在沉积物供应恒定的条件下,随着潮滩的不断淤长,岸线淤进速率逐渐减小,潮滩滩面的沉积速率逐渐降低,而潮滩层序中的泥质沉积的厚度向海逐渐增厚。沉积层保存潜力的计算结果显示,潮滩上保存潜力在高潮位附近和潮下带的较低部位为最高,可达80 ％ 以上,潮间带下部存在着低值区,保存潜力低于20 ％ ,与前人在潮间带进行的现场观测结果相近。对研究方法经进一步细化(如考虑滩面坡度和粒度分布变化、波浪和风暴潮作用、潮沟摆动等因素),并与反演方法相结合,可望更好地解释沉积记录中的环境演化信息。 相似文献
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台风风暴潮影响下潮滩沉积动力模拟初探--以江苏如东海岸为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以江苏如东潮滩为研究区,采用沉积动力学垂向二维概念模型来模拟正常天气和台风期间潮滩沉积的空间分布特征,探讨台风风暴潮对潮滩正常沉积层序的改造作用.模拟结果表明,在涨落潮时间-流速对称特征明显的如东海岸,潮汐作用使潮滩沉积呈显著的分带性,且剖面形态向“双凸形”演化,两个“凸点”分别位于平均高潮位和平均低潮位附近.在台风期间风暴增水效应下,开边界悬沙浓度差异将导致潮滩冲淤和沉积分布格局的变化,潮上带和潮间带上部均堆积泥质沉积物,潮间带中下部在风暴过程中普遍遭受不同程度的砂质沉积物侵蚀或之后堆积泥质沉积物,在沉积层序中形成风暴冲刷面.因此,潮滩的风暴沉积记录存在于潮间带上部或更高部位.以此模型为基础,可进一步综合考虑极浅水边界层水动力结构、沉积物粒度分布变化、波-流联合作用、台风降水、互花米草等生物活动、潮沟摆动及人工围垦等因素,从而建立风暴事件在沉积层序中的时间序列,更好地解译沉积记录中的古环境信息. 相似文献
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童子岩组的潮坪、潮道沉积常与泻湖相沉积伴生形成为潮坪泻湖相沉积体系。其潮坪相沉积可以划分为:1泥坪相,由泥岩或砂质泥岩为主组成,具水平层理,分布有痕迹化石和动物扰动构造。2砂泥坪混合相,由细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩互层组成,常见波状层理、透镜状层理,分布有海相动物化石和斜交或垂直层面的营状痕迹化石。3砂坪相,发育透镜状层理,压扁层理和小型斜交层理,在一些砂岩中也常见由于潮汐作用形成的双面粘土层和潮汐作用产生的周期层序。4潮沟相,主要见于各含煤段底部,潮沟相的砂岩厚度一般较大,层位一般相对稳定。透镜状态理、波状层理常见,动物扰动构造发育,有浪成波痕。 相似文献
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在进行庵东潮坪水文要素定点测量的基础上,对地貌特征,沉积粒度,沉积构造及重向剖面作了全面分析与研究。结果表明,滩地位于杭州湾进、退潮流的交会点,控制其发育的主动力为潮汐作用,具明显的不规则半日潮特性,涨潮流强度远大于落潮流,造就了宽达十余公里的潮滩地貌。滩地水动力深受湾内水流影响,高潮期服从其总体潮流流向,导致潮坪上发育众多与杭州湾深槽系统相连的潮沟,破坏了沉积物正常分布规律,高潮坪存在一定向平行岸线的大型潮沟,受强劲水流影响,沉积粒度粗化,并因快冲快淤而产生变形构造;中潮坪接受退潮期潮沟漫岸物质,粒度相对较小,分选性变差,沉积构造以直脊流水波痕及板状交错层理为主;低潮坪潮流作用大、沉积粒度粗,分选性最佳,发育小型流水波痕,内部构造以槽状交错层理,“青鱼刺”层理及再作用构造为特征。潮坪近岸处潮沟迁移层序及浪成波痕层理的发现反映水动力异常强大,威胁人工海塘的安全,建议停止进一步围垦滩涂,采取促淤方法,抑制潮沟的发育,以维持滩地稳定。 相似文献
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Open-coast intertidal deposits and the preservation potential of individual laminae: a case study from east-central China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Monitoring of sedimentation and erosion was conducted on an open coastal tidal flat on the southern flank of the Yangtze delta. Various elevation references were established in the intertidal zone and monitored intensively for 4 months in order to examine fortnightly and seasonal (calm weather and storm season) sedimentation and erosion. Longer term (100 years) sedimentation and preservation were investigated through examination of cores and trenches. Two different vertical grouping patterns of tidal bedding were distinguished with thinner and thicker sandy laminae. The number of sand-dominated layers and individual muddy and sandy lamina in the cores were compared with theoretically derived sedimentation rates in order to assess long-term preservation potential. Waves, especially high storm waves, have a significant influence on sedimentation and the preservation of intertidal deposits along the open-coast tidal flat. Monitoring during one season indicated that the sand-dominated layer was directly related to storm deposits, while the mud-dominated layer was deposited during calm weather conditions. The variation in sandy lamina thickness was not related to spring–neap tidal cycles during the monitoring period. The assumption of 100% preservation of sandy laminae deposited during every tidal cycle, which has been assumed in previous time-series analyses for the identification of palaeotidal periodicity, was found to be unrealistic along this open-coast tidal flat. Preservation potential decreases as temporal scale increases. During one neap–spring tidal cycle, the preservation potential of individual sandy and muddy laminae was of the order of 10%. Over a period of 100 years, the estimated preservation potential of individual laminae, including both calm weather and storm deposits, decreased to 0·2%. The 100-year preservation potential of storm-induced, sand-dominated layers was estimated to be of the order of 10%. 相似文献
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湘西北龙山地区下奥陶统桐梓组潮坪风暴岩的发现及其意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
报道了湘西北地区早奥陶世桐梓组地层中的风暴岩,并对该套事件沉积体的区域展布及表现形式进行了系统阐述。通过对野外剖面的仔细观测和室内资料的综合研究,普遍见指示潮坪环境的半球状叠层石、羽状交错层理等,并识别出各种侵蚀-撕裂构造、粒序层理、韵律层理、变形层理及沙纹-波状层理等风暴沉积标志,丘状交错层理常保存不全,综合分析后认为该风暴岩为潮坪风暴沉积,并进一步划分出4种类型的风暴沉积序列。同时,区内桐梓组见有大套滑塌重力流沉积,经对比,可能为同一飓风事件在不同环境中产生的不同物质记录。该套风暴岩具有重要的地质意义:风暴沉积特征的变化蕴含了丰富的气候变化信息,反映出晚寒武世至早奥陶世时期全球温室继承、转型的一种气候响应。风暴岩、风暴浊积岩及滑塌角砾岩的发现,为该时期“鄂西台洼”的存在提供了新的沉积学证据;也为区内含矿段地层的精细划分和对比提供实际参考;同时,对分析华南板块的向北漂移提供了更仔细、更可靠的参考数据。 相似文献
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The Permian Barakar Formation in the Mohpani coalfield, Satpura Gondwana basin, is composed of three broad lithologies that occur repetitively and are iterdigitated: (1) several metres thick coarse- to medium-grained sandstone bodies with scoured bases, (2) 5-20 m thick medium- to fine-grained sandstone bodies and (3) 5-20 m thick mudstone-dominated packages with variable proportions of centimetre- to decimetre-scale, fine- to medium-grained sandstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. The Barakar strata were previously interpreted as deposits of braided rivers and associated inter-channel flood basin in a continental setting. However, this study recognizes signatures of tidal current from the mudstone-dominated packages implying marine influence during Barakar sedimentation.
The mudstone-dominated sediment bodies are the focus of this paper and comprise of three lithofacies that bear imprints of tidal processes during Barakar sedimentation: (1) heterolith, (2) sandstone, and (3) coal-carbonaceous shale, which alternate with one another within individual bodies. The heterolithic facies show interlayering of sandstone and claystone resembling flaser, wavy and lenticular bedding, as well as pinstripe stratification. Successive sandstone-mudstone couplets indicate periodic waxing and waning of flows. Within individual heterolithic packages, the sandstone:claystone ratio along with the bedding style, varies cyclically upwards giving rise to alternate sandstone-dominated and claystone-dominated intervals suggesting tidal velocity fluctuation reflective of spring-neap lunar cycle. Thickness plots of successive sand-mud couplets also reveal cyclic variation with a conspicuous periodicity of around 12 couplets per cycle, which corroborates the spring-neap-spring (or neap-spring-neap) lunar cycle. Presence of abundant desiccation cracks indicates periodic emergence and points towards an intertidal setting. The sandstone facies is characterized by a variety of wave-generated features such as bundled and chevron upbuilding of lamina, bi-directional foreset orientations, offshooting and draping laminae, scour-and-drape feature, swollen lens-like geometries suggesting their emplacement under storm-induced combined-flow on the tidal-flat. The coal-carbonaceous shale facies represent supratidal marsh environment. 相似文献
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黔东镇远地区早寒武世清虚洞组潮坪风暴沉积特征及古地理意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
东镇远地区早寒武世（相当于2008国际地层年表中的寒武纪第二世）清虚洞组发现类型丰富、特征典型的风暴沉积标志。侵蚀底面、粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层、波状层理、韵律层理等沉积组构明显,而丘状层理不发育。通过对金盆剖面和溜沙关剖面详细的野外观察及室内分析,识别出三种类型的风暴沉积序列。研究区风暴沉积的背景沉积为灰色纹层状灰岩,见波状层理、鸟眼构造等,指示潮坪环境。综合分析得出,镇远地区的风暴沉积属于潮坪风暴沉积。这丰富了湘西黔东地区早寒武世清虚洞组风暴沉积的类型。风暴沉积的发现也为研究区早寒武世位于赤道附近的低纬度区域提供了间接的证据。 相似文献
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Sandstone mounds occur in some shallow marine heterolithic deposits from the Late Precambrian Stangenes Formation (N. Norway) and the Cambro-Ordovician Crozon Formation (N. W. France) and Cabos Series (N.W. Spain). The sediments displaying the mounds accumulated in partially protected tidal flat/ lagoonal environments immediately before and during major transgressions. The mounds are erosional features typically occurring on the tops of sheet sandstones (ca. 50–500 mm thick) some of which may have a storm washover origin. Mound genesis related to periodic emergence and late stage run-off is supported by their intimate association with mudcracks and other very shallow water features (e.g. bidirectional current-formed structures, wave ripples, ladder and interference patterns, mudflakes, etc.). Variation in mound morphology suggests that post-depositional dissection began as elongate ridge-gully couplets with secondary erosion of the ridge flanks leading to the development of more characteristic hemispherical geometries. Emergence may have been a function of tidal fluctuations and/or subsidence of storm surge events. Facies sequences point to the repeated filling of these inshore environments by storm washovers superimposed on ambient tidal conditions which possibly resulted from the progressive decay of beach barriers during transgression. 相似文献
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A unique radial tidal sand ridge system (RTSRS) has developed under a complex tidal current field on the eastern China coast
between the Yangtze River delta to the south and the abandoned Yellow River (Huanghe) delta to the north. The present study
examines the sedimentary evolution of a ridge-channel pair in the central RTSRS. Three cores, with two on the ridges and one
in the channel, were drilled to reveal the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the system. Five sedimentary facies were
distinguished, i.e. ridgeshallow subtidal facies, ridge-deep subtidal facies, nearsurface channel bottom facies, middle tidal
flat facies and low tidal flat facies. The ridge-shallow subtidal facies consists of sandy strata with ripple cross beddings,
horizontal lamina, and massive beddings. Bioturbation seldom occurs. The ridge-deep subtidal facies is primarily characterized
by sandy and muddy interlayers with common flaser and lenticular bedding structures. Bioturbation appears abundantly. Massive
and graded sediment sequences of storm origin are present as characterized by rich shell fragments. The nearsurface channel
bottom facies consists of loose, soft, clayey silt deposits with deformed sedimentary layers. This facies occurs in the deeper
part of the active channels. The middle tidal flat and lower tidal flat facies composed of silt-clay couplets prevailed primarily
in the tidal flats. Incomplete sedimentary successions show that coastal plain deposits dominate in the study area during
12–13 ka B.P. The sandy ridge and channel facies became dominant during 4–6 ka B.P. when the sea level receded temporarily.
Tidal ridge and channel in the study area became active during the last four decades. Sediment reworking due to typhoon and
sandy ridge migration plays a key role in shaping the present radial ridge system. 相似文献
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A. Chakrabarti 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(3):353-368
Sedimentary structures of some coastal tropical tidal flats of the east coast of India, and inner estuarine tidal point bars
located at 30 to 50 kilometers inland from the coast, have been extensively studied under varying seasonal conditions. The
results reveal that physical features such as flaser bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, lenticular bedding, and mud/silt
couplets are common to both the environments. In fact, flaser bedding and lenticular bedding are more common in the point
bar facies during the monsoon months than in the coastal tidal flat environments. Interference ripples, though common in both
the environments, show different architectural patterns for different environmental domains. Interference ripples with thread-like
secondary set overriding the earlier ripple-form, resembling wrinkle marks, are the typical features in estuarine point bars
near the high water region. Because structures which are so far considered as key structures for near-coastal tidal flats
are common to both the environments, caution should be exercised for deciphering palaeo-environments, particularly for Proterozoic
rocks, where one has to depend only on physical sedimentary structures. 相似文献
19.
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear to erode during the winter and then accrete vertically in the spring and summer. In each of the years studied, tidal laminae in vertically thickening and thinning laminae bundles were deposited by twice daily tides in neap–spring tidal cycles. In 2004, bundles of thickening and thinning laminae couplets were noted in trenches cut into the flats. Five laminae bundles alternated between thicker and thinner bundles, corresponding to the perigean (high spring) and apogean (low spring) tides. Well‐preserved apogean–perigean cycles have rarely been documented in modern tidal flat sediments. At this location, vertical accretion of tidal rhythmites with well‐developed neap–spring cyclicity is possible because of the near‐complete removal of the flat from the previous year, which creates accommodation space for vertical accretion without significant reworking. Macrotidal conditions, no reworking by infaunal invertebrates, protection from the main tidal channel by a gravel bar and protection from storm waves and fluvial erosion by a recess in the sedge marsh that surrounds the flats all aid in preservation of rhythmites during aggradation. The position of the flats relative to tidal range allows for accumulation of complete spring cycles and incomplete neap cycles. In the summer of 2004, apogee and perigee were closely aligned with the new and full moons, resulting in successive strong perigee and apogee tides which probably aided in the accumulation of successive thick–thin spring cycles encoding the apogean and perigean tidal cycle. The apogean–perigean signal was not observed in subsequent years. 相似文献