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1.
Olivier Cuisinier Jean-Claude Auriol Tangi Le Borgne Dimitri Deneele 《Engineering Geology》2011,(3):187
Under a given compaction energy and procedure, it is known that maximum dry density of a soil is lowered due to lime addition. This modification of maximum dry density could alter the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The main object of this study was to assess the impact of lime-stabilization on a silt soil microstructure and then on saturated hydraulic conductivity. An investigation at the microscopic level with mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that lime treatment induced the formation of a new small class, with a diameter lower than 3 × 103 Å in the compacted soil. This class is responsible for the difference in dry density between the treated and the untreated sample after compaction. It is shown that this small pores class was not altered by the compaction water content, the compaction procedure or the dry density. As in untreated soils, only the larger pores were modified by the compaction water content and the compaction procedure in the lime treated samples. The hydraulic conductivity appeared to be only related to the largest pores volume of the tested silt, regardless of lime treatment. Therefore, this study demonstrated that even if addition of lime resulted in a dramatic change of the maximum dry density of the tested silty soil, its effect on hydraulic conductivity is limited. 相似文献
2.
Utilizing basic balance laws of saturated granular media, a theoretical model for describing the phenomena of dilatation and densification of dry sand, as well as the increase of pore water pressure of saturated sand during shear loading, is developed. An expression for the free-energy function of loose sands is postulated, and the problem of static shearing of a sand sample is analyzed. Predictions of the model for pore water pressure are compared with those obtained experimentally for dry pluviated and moist vibrated samples of fine Ottawa sand and solid-glass beads and discussed. 相似文献
3.
高铁桥梁、路基工程中的桩基础持续承受列车运行引发的振动荷载,当前350 km/h车速下的车致振动已高达近40 Hz。随着车速的进一步提升,可能给桩基础承载性能带来不利影响。桩-土界面是桩和地基土之间力和变形传递的重要媒介,很大程度上决定着桩基础的长期服役性能。但目前对于高频振动荷载下桩-土界面相互作用行为的认识和研究均不足。基于自主研制的可实现土-结构界面高频振动耦合静力剪切的试验装置,研究了散粒体-结构界面在振动下的临界状态强度特征,探讨了振动加速度、法向应力、结构面粗糙度、颗粒形状和振动频率的影响。结果表明：振动会导致界面强度衰减,部分振动条件下的界面强度甚至低于静力条件下的0.5倍;振动下的界面强度随振动加速度、频率的增大而下降,随法向应力的增大而提高。最后,基于摩尔-库仑强度理论,建立了振动下的散粒体-结构界面强度准则。 相似文献
4.
级配显著影响着堆石料的压实特性,定量表述级配对堆石料压实特性的影响至关重要。基于连续级配土的级配方程,设计了16组不同级配的试验粗粒料,进行了表面振动压实试验和侧限压缩试验,定量研究了级配对粗粒料压实特性的影响。研究表明：由表面振动压实（动应力）试验和侧限压缩（静应力）试验得到的干密度与级配曲线面积之间均呈二次函数关系,且干密度中的最大值对应的级配曲线面积均在0.9附近;无论是表面振动压实试验还是侧限压缩试验,堆石料都存在干密度最优（最大）的级配。依据试验成果,给出了所试验堆石料的最优级配区间（级配上、下包络线）;同时,利用相似级配法论证了实际级配粗粒料的最优级配区间,并根据国内外多座土石坝粗粒料的设计级配验证了该最优级配区间的普遍适用性,为土石坝粗粒料的级配设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
我国沿海地区大量的地铁隧道都修建在饱和软土地层,饱和软土地层中地铁列车运行引起的环境振动逐渐成为社会关注的问题。以上海2号线某地铁区间隧道为研究对象,采用循环运动模型本构模型和水土耦合动力分析方法,分析了饱和软土中地铁列车运行引起的地表振动加速度以及振动位移响应规律,采用加速度振级对地表的振动强度进行了评价,分析了单次列车通过时引起的隧道下卧土层超孔隙水压力（EPWP）响应规律。计算结果表明,饱和土的振动响应比干土要小得多,地表水平向与竖向的振动规律明显的不同,超孔隙水压力沿隧道下方沿向是不断减少的,在距离隧道中心的纵断面上是先增加后减少。分析饱和土中地铁运行引起的环境响应规律,可为地铁沿线建筑物减隔振设计及沉降控制提供一定依据。 相似文献
6.
This paper deals with the results of an experimental study carried out on compacted clay (PL=23%) to investigate the influence
of compaction water content on the shear strength of the clay. For the measurement of shear strength parameters, direct shear
tests were done on samples compacted at optimum moisture content (i.e. w=24%), at the dry side of optimum (i.e. w=18%, 20% and 22%) and at the wet side of optimum (i.e. w=26% and 28%). Thermocouple psychrometers were used for suction measurements and the suction-moisture content relationship
of the soil sample was obtained. The trends for suction, angle of friction and cohesion, which change below and above optimum
moisture content, were analyzed. The compacted clay behaves like a granular soil on the dry side of optimum water content;
and a reduction in angle of friction and an increase in cohesion are observed as the compaction water contents approach the
optimum value. The angle of friction is not affected by soaking, but after soaking cohesion of the sample reduces.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Examination of loose saturated sands impacted by a heavy tamper 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This article examines the densification effects on the loose saturated sands impacted by a heavy steel tamper dropped from a great height (i.e., deep dynamic compaction, DDC). This examination was achieved by carrying out a series of piezocone penetration test (CPTu) soundings before and after the DDC impact. The depths at which densification took place ranged from 6.5 to 9.5 m below the ground surface (BGS) after one pass of DDC, and from 7.5 to 11.0 m BGS after two passes. The propagation of the surface waves generated in DDC disturbed the top 0.3–1.3 m soils. Directly below this disturbed layer, it was the most densified soil layer at the depths of 1.7–4.5 m BGS. The existence of the residual soft peat pockets reduced the densification effects substantially. Both the strength and the stiffness of the loose saturated sands were significantly improved after the DDC treatment. After two passes of impact, the liquefiable soils were densified to the level of unliquefiable along with dramatic reduction in liquefaction probabilities when subjected to earthquake motions. 相似文献
8.
尽管击实试验是目前最流行的室内土体压实试验方法,但实际上与现场任何一种压实方法都无相似之处,且不适用于无粘性土（粒状土）的压实试验。无粘性土的振动击实试验方法也存在很多问题。现代重型压实设备的使用,路基粒状填土的压实密度达到了目前室内规范试验方法不可能达到的水平。介绍了美国采用供高性能沥青路面混合料设计与质量控制之用的旋转压实机对粒状土进行的压实试验。其结果表明,旋转压实试验能有效模拟路基粒状填土的现场压实特征;可采用压实压力200 kPa、旋转角为1.25°、旋转次数为90、旋转速度为20 rpm的试验结果来控制粒状填土路基的现场压实质量。 相似文献
9.
Maximum and minimum void ratios (emax and emin) of granular soils are commonly used as indicators of many engineering properties. However, few methods, apart from laboratory tests, are available to provide a rapid estimation of both emax and emin. In this study, we present a theoretical model to map the densest and the loosest packing configurations of granular soils onto the void space. A corresponding numerical procedure that can predict both emax and emin of granular soils with arbitrary grain size distributions is proposed. The capacity of the proposed method is evaluated by predicting the maximum and minimum void ratios of medium to fine mixed graded sands with different contents of fines. The influence of the grain size distribution, characterized quantitatively by uniformity parameter and the fractal dimension, on emax and emin is discussed using the proposed method. Moreover, application of this method in understanding the controlling mechanism for the void ratio change during grain crushing is presented.
相似文献10.
Amplitude and style of ground vibration from two types of pile driving — vibrodriver (periodic) and drophammer (transient) — are considered for the analysis of deformation in a portal frame structure. It is argued that the three-dimensional character of the vibration should be determined in the form of a resultant vector and this requires the measurement of vibration in three directions at right angles together with information on the sense of the motion along each orthogonal axis of vibration. Such resultant vector data during the period of vibration are best processed and presented in the style of a suite of hemispherical projections that comprise upper and lower hemisphere forms, respectively embodying components of upward and downward vibrational motion. It is shown that analysis for the dynamic stability of a simple block foundation is assisted by reference to the hemispherical projection representation and by the use of ground surface acceleration data. 相似文献
11.
基于土体的三维波动模型研究了饱和土中单个管桩的竖向振动。将桩周土和桩芯土视为两相多孔介质,管桩视为等截面的圆管杆单元。在考虑桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土径向位移和竖向位移的情况下,建立了基于土体三维波动模型的饱和土-管桩竖向耦合振动模型。借助势函数和分离变量法并考虑土体边界条件,求解了考虑土体三维波动的桩周饱和土和桩芯饱和土的竖向振动。在此基础上,考虑管桩桩端边界条件,利用三角函数正交性求解了饱和土中单个管桩的竖向振动,得到了管桩桩顶的竖向复刚度。通过数值算例,对比分析了土体三维波动模型解和不考虑土体径向位移的简化模型解的计算结果,分析了主要桩、土参数对饱和土中管桩竖向振动的影响。研究表明：当管桩壁较薄时且低频时不应忽略土体径向位移的影响,在动态刚度因子和等效阻尼随频率变化曲线峰值峰谷处不宜忽略土体液相的影响,管桩壁不宜过薄。管桩壁厚、长径比、桩芯饱和土与桩周饱和土密度比、剪切模量比以及桩-土模量比对饱和土中管桩竖向振动有较大影响,在进行管桩设计时需要综合考虑相关参数。 相似文献
12.
当前,主要采用相对密度来表征筑坝砂砾料的密实程度,并以此来评价大坝的施工碾压质量。受试验设备尺寸和击实功能的限制,室内试验难以反映现场实际筑坝砂砾料粒径大、采用大型碾压机具进行高强度碾压的实际情况,试验确定砂砾料最大干密度值偏低,难以直接用于指导实际工程。针对大石峡高面板坝筑坝砂砾料,在工地现场采用实际筑坝碾压设备和大型相对密度桶,对原级配坝料开展相对密度试验,研究了坝料的压实特性,确定了不同级配（含砾量）坝料的相对密度特性指标。研究表明：比较室内试验成果,现场试验确定砂砾料最大干密度值有较大提高;随着含砾量的增加,砂砾料的最大、最小干密度值先增加、后减小,存在压实密度最高的最优含砾量特征值;强振碾压使得弱胶结砂砾料产生不同程度的颗粒破碎效应,颗粒破碎的程度和土料的原始级配特性相关联。 相似文献
13.
弱膨胀土工程特性及其路基处治对策 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
针对湖北襄-荆高速公路膨胀土,在室内开展了弱膨胀土的压实特性、胀缩性状、力学特性试验研究,发现压实膨胀土的工程性状受含水率与压实度的影响,胀缩特性是膨胀土的固有特性,其大小取决于起始湿度和密度;击实膨胀土的最佳含水量和最大干密度随击实功变化而变化,压实功愈大,土的最大干密度也愈大,而对应的最佳含水量愈小;膨胀土的CBR值随其含水率的变化规律类似于击实曲线,但CBR峰值含水率大于最佳含水率,为深入认识膨胀土的工程特性提供了帮助。因此,利用弱膨胀土填筑路堤时,不仅要考虑经过击实后的土的性质,而且还要考虑在填方建成、条件改变后土的性能;膨胀土路堤填筑除考虑压实度与CBR值要求外,尚需考虑胀缩总率的影响。最后,推荐了弱膨胀土路堤结构型式,并提出了弱膨胀土用于路堤填筑的控制标准。 相似文献
14.
Tae-Gew Ham Yukio Nakata Rolando Orense Masayuki Hyodo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):119-127
In order to investigate the strength and deformation anisotropy of compacted decomposed granite soils, a series of drained
triaxial compression tests was performed on unsaturated and saturated decomposed granite soils. The specimens were subjected
to compression tests such that the angle δ of the direction of the major principal stress, σ
1, during triaxial compression relative to the compaction plane (bedding plane) varies, with δ = 0°, 45° and 90°. Test results indicated that the compressive strain of the specimens subjected to isotropic consolidation
was influenced strongly by the angle δ. In addition, the effect of the angle δ on the triaxial compressive strength and deformation was more evident in unsaturated specimens than in saturated specimens.
Based on the test results, a procedure which can be used to estimate the shear strength of unsaturated soils taking into account
various angles δ was proposed. 相似文献
15.
上覆单相弹性层饱和地基上刚性条形基础竖向振动的混合边值问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据Biot动力控制方程,运用Fourier积分变换技术,并按照混合边值条件和连续条件建立了上覆单相弹性层饱和地基上刚性条形基础竖向振动的对偶积分方程,并将其退化到完全饱和地基的情形。通过引进正交多项式将对偶积分方程化为线性代数方程组,从而得到了上覆单相弹性层的饱和地基上刚性条形基础的竖向振动规律。通过算例分析得到,单相弹性层的厚度对动力柔度系数有着较大的影响,在单相弹性层厚度较小时（小于条形基础半宽的0.1）,动力柔度系数曲线与完全饱和的基本重合;完全饱和地基上刚性基础的竖向振动是上覆弹性层厚度Hn=0的特例。 相似文献
16.
Osman Sivrikaya 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1585-1595
To prevent the leakage of pollutant liquids into groundwater and sublayers, the compacted fine-grained soils are commonly
utilized as mineral liners or a sealing system constructed under municipal solid waste and other containment hazardous materials.
This study presents the correlation equations of the compaction parameters required for construction of a mineral liner system.
The determination of the characteristic compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (γ
dmax) and optimum water content (w
opt) requires considerable time and great effort. In this study, empirical models are described and examined to find which of
the index properties correlate well with the compaction characteristics for estimating γ
dmax and w
opt of fine-grained soils at the standard compactive effort. The compaction data are correlated with different combinations of
gravel content (G), sand content (S), fine-grained content (FC = clay + silt), plasticity index (I
p), liquid limit (w
L) and plastic limit (w
P) by performing multilinear regression (MLR) analyses. The obtained correlations with statistical parameters are presented
and compared with the previous studies. It is found that the maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content have a considerably
good correlation with plastic limit in comparison with liquid limit and plasticity index. 相似文献
17.
An advanced understanding of the strain accumulation phenomenon in granular soils subjected to low amplitude cyclic loading with relatively high frequency is needed to enhance the ability to predict the settlement of granular soils induced by vibrations. In the current study, the discrete element method is used to study this phenomenon. A loose and a medium dense sample composed of a relatively large number of spheres are considered. A series of stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests with different excitation amplitudes and frequencies is performed on these samples at different static stress states. The response of these samples at the macroscopic and microscopic scales is analyzed. The sample density, the cyclic stress amplitude and the static stress state importantly affect strain accumulation. However, the cyclic excitation frequency has a small effect on strain accumulation. At the microscopic scale, frictional sliding occurring at a few contacts continuously dissipates energy and the fraction of these contacts varies periodically during cyclic loading. The coordination number of these samples increases slightly as strain accumulates. However, the anisotropy remains almost constant during low amplitude cyclic excitation. A qualitatively good agreement between numerical and experimental results is found. 相似文献
18.
A magnitude 7 earthquake occurred in southwest Mozambique in February 2006, triggering extensive liquefaction around the fault rupture. Samples were recovered from the liquefied soils for laboratory testing to calibrate a numerical model for the assessment of liquefaction susceptibility. Laboratory tests and simulations confirm that the alluvial sands from the area affected by the earthquake have a very high susceptibility to liquefaction, although this depends strongly on the in situ density, which is likely to be low since the soils are deposited in a major flood plain. Since many areas of Mozambique, including parts of the major coastal cities, are on similarly loose and saturated deposits, there could be a significant liquefaction hazard in future earthquakes. 相似文献
19.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):197-206
The void distribution of saturated specimens of Ottawa sand is presented. The presence of water inside the sand specimen is detected using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The void distribution of the sample was determined from the image. The specimen was prepared in a non-metallic triaxial cell and was put insie a MRI apparatus to obtain the image. Two sample preparation methods (wet tamping and dry pluviation) were used to illustrate the uniformity of the samples in the initial state. The void distribution along the height of the sample and the three-dimensional orientational void distribution at different locations inside the sample were analysed. The results indicate that the sample generated by the dry-pluviation method is more uniform than the sample generated by the wet-tamping method. When the wet-tamping sample preparation technique is used, the dense sample is more uniform than the loose sample. The development of voids was investigated by a sample loaded inside the MRI device under drained compression condition. The void distribution along the height of the sample at different stages was observed. This work has demonstrated the feasibility of using the MRI technique to examine void distribution in granular material. 相似文献
20.
The determination of the compaction parameters such as optimum water content (wopt) and maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) requires great efforts by applying the compaction testing procedure which is also time consuming and needs significant amount of work. Therefore, it seems more reasonable to use the indirect methods for estimating the compaction parameters. In recent years, the artificial neural network (ANN) modelling has gained an increasing interest and is also acquiring more popularity in geotechnical engineering applications. This study deals with the estimation of the compaction parameters for fine‐grained soils based on compaction energy using ANN with the feed‐forward back‐propagation algorithm. In this study, the data including the results of the consistency tests, standard and modified Proctor tests, are collected from the literature and used in the analyses. The optimum structure of a network is determined for each ANN models. The analyses showed that the ANN models give quite reliable estimations in comparison with regression methods, thus they can be used as a reliable tool for the prediction of wopt and γdmax. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献