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在粤东沿岸的夏季存在风生上升流,中心位置在20m以浅,该上升流的年际变化较大,1982年8月碣石湾外上升流流速为1.2×10-3cm/s,活性磷酸盐的垂直通量为1.5 mmol/(m2·d),初级生产力为1558mg/(m2·d).在上升流靠岸内侧,5m以浅范围的底层存在着贫氧现象,在上升流的中心区外,有海水垂向逆温现象,上升流区海水的理化特征:温度为22.13℃,盐度为34.19,溶解氧为3.72cm3/dm3氧饱和度为74.6%,pH值为8.14,活性磷酸盐为1.10 mmol/m3. 相似文献
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台湾海峡中北部夏季溶解氧饱和度分布与上升流的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文据台湾海峡中北部1983年5月至1984年5月、1987年7,8月和1988年5～7月调查资料,讨论了该海域夏季溶解氧饱和度分布特征及其与上升流的关系,结果表明该海区夏季上升流的中心位置经常出现于海坛岛北侧至湄洲岛一带海域,西南季风是该区上升流产生的主要动力因子,该区上升流平均流速为4.4×10~(-3)cm/s。 相似文献
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福建闽南沿海养殖贝类体中砷含量的分布 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过2003~2004年对福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体砷含量的调查监测,对养殖贝类体中砷含量的分布进行了探讨.福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体总砷含量为0.65×10-6~4.80×10-6,总平均值为2.09×10-6,其中有机砷和无机砷占总砷含量的百分比分别为61.6%~98.2%和2.3%~38.4%,平均值分别为88.8%和11.2%.在相同养殖区,养殖贝类体总砷平均含量的种间分布差异较小.滩涂养殖底栖贝类体内总砷平均含量总体上高于浅海筏式养殖贝类体的平均含量.福建闽南沿海5种养殖贝类体内总砷含量在泉州湾、湄州湾、东山湾和九龙江口高,在诏安湾和围头湾低,在其余各湾相近.5种养殖贝类体内无机砷的污染指数和总平均值分别为0.05~0.76和0.23,总砷的污染指数和总平均值分别为0.06~0.48和0.21,总体符合国家食品卫生质量标准.养殖贝类体中砷含量与体长之间总体成正相关. 相似文献
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台湾海峡西部海域春季表观耗氧量的垂直分布及其极小值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1984年台湾海峡西部海域综合调查资料,分析了该海区春季表观耗氧量垂直分布的特征。结果表明,AOU垂直分布趋势为上低下高。表层均呈负值(-0.16×10~(-3)～-2.55×10~(-3)),底层1/2测站呈现负值(-0.04×10~(-3)～-2.42×10~(-3));而另1/2测站呈现正值(0～0.86×10~(-3))。AOU垂直分布有极小值的站位通常出现于不同水系的交汇带,其深度在密跃层下界附近。这是由于密跃层下界附近氧的涡动扩散进行得比热的涡动传导为慢的缘故。因而,逐渐增温时,氧来不及释放到大气中,即氧呈过饱和状态。浮游植物量对极小值的形成不起决定性作用,而只能影响极小值的大小。 相似文献
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南海中部海区溶解氧垂直分布最小值 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文根据国家海洋局1983年9月—1985年1月在南海中部海区的综合调查资料,分析了该海区溶解氧的垂直结构特征和氧最小值的分布变化规律。结果表明,在水深500m至1000或1500m处终年存在着氧含量普遍小于2.0×10~(-3)的氧最小层,其厚度南部高于北部。氧最小值的含量在(1.65—2.10)×10~(-3)之间,其量值也明显地随着纬度而增加。文中还对氧最小层形成的机理作了初步探讨。 相似文献
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乳山湾邻近海域低氧现象及成因浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2009-06-2009-09及2010-05-2010-06在乳山湾及其毗邻海域的综合调查,分析了该海域溶解氧的变化,初步探讨了影响溶解氧变化及底层低氧形成的原因。结果表明,夏季乳山湾邻近海域存在季节性低溶解氧区,溶解氧在6,7月份相对较高,而在8,9月份相对较低,最低值出现在8月份,为3.21mg/L(饱和度为35.5%),表观耗氧量为5.82mg/L。乳山湾外邻近水域溶解氧略高于湾口和湾内。底层溶解氧水平受到潮汐的影响,具有较大的周日波动性,变化范围介于3.74～8.26mg/L;在落潮时质量浓度降低而在涨潮时质量浓度升高。在这一区域存在较为强烈的温、盐跃层,从而限制了表、底层溶解氧的交换,而COD质量浓度的升高为这一区域的耗氧过程提供了一定的物质基础。潮汐、黄海冷水团的顶托作用、有机物质在底层水域的氧化作用以及底泥耗氧过程导致底层溶解氧的亏损。 相似文献
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湄洲湾表层沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
根据1984年湄洲湾表层沉积物中重金属的分析资料,讨论了它们的地球化学特征和主要来源。沉积物中重金属的含量(Fe、Mn、Cu、Ni 的质量分数均值分别为3.21%、730×10~(-6)、19.4×10~(-6)、44×10~(-6)分布比较均匀,Pb、Zn 和Co 含量(质量分数均值分别为47.0×10~(-6)、25.8×10~(-6)和243×10~(-6))偏高,微量金属含量不受Fe-Mn 氧化物和有机物控制,本地区的金属来源受陆源输入的影响明显。 相似文献
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粒径小于20 μm的微型浮游生物能迅速响应海洋环境变化,因而在海洋环境监测中起着重要作用。本文应用流式细胞技术研究了三门湾表层与底层海水中微型浮游生物（包括细菌、聚球藻、微型真核生物以及病毒）丰度的时空分布特征,探讨了微型浮游生物丰度与水体理化因子之间的关系。结果表明,三门湾海域微型浮游生物丰度范围:细菌,6.98×105~9.84×106 cells/mL;聚球藻,1.10×103~3.71×104 cells/mL;微型真核生物,1.04×103~3.75×104 cells/mL;病毒,1.01×106~3.47×107 mL-1。夏、秋两季表层微型浮游生物丰度均高于底层;秋季细菌、聚球藻和病毒丰度低于夏季,但微型真核生物丰度高于夏季;温度是造成微型浮游生物丰度季节差异的主要因素。微型浮游生物丰度的水平分布在夏季无显著规律,但秋季表底层均由内湾向外湾递减。秋季,除底层的细菌外,微型浮游生物丰度水平分布与pH和盐度呈显著负相关,同时与亚硝氮、硝氮、铵氮、叶绿素a呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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几种污染物对草鱼细胞SCE的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1987年10月—1988年6月期间,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)ZC-7901细胞株和1龄稚鱼作实验材料,选5种金属盐和4种农药作水体环境的污染物,对培养细胞和稚鱼进行处理,观察培养细胞和鱼体内肾细胞SCE的变化。结果表明:在每毫升培养基中分别含有104×10~(-7)mg的Cr~(6+),112×10~(-7)mg的Cd~(2+),74.9×10~(-7)mg的As~(3+),20l×l0~(-6)mg的Hg~(2+),207×10~(-4)mg的Pb~(2+)及216×10~(-4)mg的敌百虫等污染物,都能诱使培养细胞的SCE明显增加;稚鱼在每升分别含有15×10~(-7)g的Cr~(6+),15×10~(-7)g的Cd~(2+),13×10~(-7)g的Hg~(2+)的池水中喂养40天后,体内肾细胞的SCE也见增加;但是三环唑、甲胺磷、呋喃丹对细胞的SCE没有影响。本文认为,能够引起草鱼SCE变化的污染物的浓度,应该作为今后制定水质标准的参考;同时,草鱼培养细胞和体内肾细胞SCE的检测技术,可以发展成为一种监测水体环境污染的检测系统。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献