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1.
Several specimens of Upogebia issaeffi (Balss, 1913) found on Namhae Island off the southern coast of Korea, where they were collected in the intertidal boulder habitat, are described and illustrated. This species has been reported from Vladivostok, Russia to Kagoshima, Japan, but this is the first reported occurrence in Korean waters. The species, closely related to the common Upogebia major that have been reported to be in Korean waters by Kim (1973), are distinguished by the morphology of the dactylus of the first pereiopod. Specifically, in male U. issaeffi, the dactylus has a longitudinal crest bearing a row of fine transverse striae, two longitudinal rows of granules on the outer side, a row of 12–16 granules and another row of 10–13 oblique ridges on the inner side. However, in females, the dactylus lacks a row of transverse striae but bears a row of rounded granules instead on the upper margin on outer side. Oblique ridges are also present on the inner side, but they are much shorter and less conspicuous than in males.  相似文献   

2.
The annual distribution and dispersal of early‐stage phyllosoma of the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus were examined in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan off western Japan. Early‐stage larvae were sampled mainly in summer and relatively near the coast off western Kyusyu Island. Few larvae were found in the other three seasons in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan. This finding suggests that P. japonicus larvae are retained in coastal areas for a few months after hatching until stage V and are transported offshore until autumn, before they grow to stage VI. Examination of archival drifter data off western Kyusyu Island during the spawning season of P. japonicus supported the relatively rapid dispersal of the larvae from the East China Sea near Japan to the Pacific Ocean or the Sea of Japan. Larval transport from the East China Sea to the Pacific Ocean, which is considered to be a main distribution area of middle‐ and late‐stage larvae, would occur in the south at approximately 32–33°N in the East China Sea near western Kyusyu Island.  相似文献   

3.
The objectives of this study were to distinguish fossil specimens of Meretrix (Bivalvia, Veneridae) using discriminant score and multivariate analysis, and to examine temporal changes in the geographical distributions of M. lusoria and M. petechialis in Japan and South Korea. Fossil shells of Meretrix were collected from Miyagi, Fukui, Aichi and Kumamoto in Japan, and Gimhae, Seosan, Siheung and Ganghwa-do in South Korea. The outside of the right valve was photographed with a digital camera, and ten characteristics of the shell morphology, such as shell height and shell length, were measured using image analysis software and a digital slide caliper. The discriminant score and multivariate analysis of the shell morphology identified all of the examined fossils as M. lusoria, while living individuals collected from the western coast of South Korea were identified as M. petechialis. These results suggest that the fossil shells excavated from the western coast of South Korea are a different species from the living individuals collected from the same areas. Radioactive carbon isotopic results revealed that the ages of the four fossil shells collected from tidal flats in Ganghwa-do ranged between 3,270 ± 30 and 1,830 ± 30 Cal BP. These results suggest that M. lusoria inhabited the western coast of South Korea until at least 2,000 years ago, but was replaced by M. petechialis during the last 2,000 years. Therefore, we propose that either M. petechialis spats were introduced artificially, or planktonic larvae migrated naturally from China to the western coast of South Korea during the last 2,000 years.  相似文献   

4.
Geochemical and rock-magnetic investigations were carried out on a sediment core collected from the SE Arabian Sea at 1420 m depth in oxygenated waters below the present-day oxygen minimum zone. The top 250 cm of the core sediments represent the last 35 kaBP. The · 18O values of Globigerinoides ruber are heaviest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and appear unaffected by low-saline waters transported from the Bay of Bengal by the strong northeast monsoon and West Indian coastal current. The signatures of Bølling-Allerød and Younger Dryas events are distinct in the records of magnetic susceptibility, organic carbon (OC) and · 18O. Glacial sediments show higher OC, CaCO3, Ba, Mo, U and Cd, while the early-to-late Holocene sediments show increasing concentrations of OC, CaCO3, Ba, Cu, Ni and Zn and decreasing concentrations of Mo, U and Cd. Productivity induced low-oxygenated bottom waters and reducing sedimentary conditions during glaciation, and productivity and oxygenated bottom waters in the Holocene are responsible for their variation. The core exhibits different stages of diagenesis at different sediment intervals. The occurrence of fine-grained, low-coercivity, ferrimagnetic mineral during glacial periods is indicative of its formation in organic-rich, anoxic sediments, which may be analogous to the diagenetic magnetic enhancement known in sapropels of the Mediterranean Sea and Japan Sea. The glacial sediments exhibiting reductive diagenesis with anoxic sedimentary environment in this core correspond to reductive diagenesis and intermittent bioturbation (oxygenation) reported in another core in the vicinity. This suggests that the poorly oxygenated bottom water conditions during glacial times should not be generalized, but are influenced locally by productivity, sedimentation rates and sediment reworking.  相似文献   

5.
Natural aggregations of Aurelia aurita polyps were found by direct observation during SCUBA diving on the surface of a pylon in the innermost part of Tokyo Bay, Japan, and changes in polyp abundance with depth were examined from November 2000 to December 2001. Most polyps were observed on substrates in the layer within 1 m from the bottom. Substrates in the upper layer were mainly occupied by other sessile organisms such as the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, implying that A. aurita polyps may be exposed to interspecific competition for space with other organisms, especially during spring and summer. The bottom layer, especially within 1 m from the bottom, was characterized by summer hypoxia and low recruitment and growth of other sessile organisms such as mussels, resulting in abundant settlement and high survival of A. aurita polyps, which are tolerant of near-hypoxic conditions. It is considered that the occurrence of hypoxic waters due to eutrophication contributes directly to the recruitment of polyps and the consequent production of A. aurita medusae in the following year.  相似文献   

6.
Macrourus berglax from the East Greenland Sea was studied for the presence of ascaridoid nematodes in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The fishes were collected between 278 and 413 m water depth using a benthopelagic net. Based on the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2 and flanking sequences (=ITS+), three ascaridoid nematode species were identified. The prevalence of infestation during the 3 years ranged from 42.9% to 62.9% and 22.9% to 40.0% for the anisakids Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.s.), respectively, and from 28.6% to 60.0% for the raphidascarid Hysterothylacium aduncum. A total of 18 specimens, two of each species and examination year, revealed no sibling species, suggesting a limited distribution of other ascaridoid siblings into the deep sea. The ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 sequences of A. simplex (s.s.) from the East Greenland Sea did not differ from previously published sequence data (GenBank) from other regions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The sequences of P. decipiens (s.s.) corresponded most closely to those of specimens from Richardson Bay, western Pacific, and differed in four positions (0.5%). They corresponded least to those of specimens from Japan (1.5%). The sequence data for H. aduncum differed in two positions in the ITS-1 (0.2%) and three positions in the ITS-2 (0.3%) from sequences from Japan. A high genetic similarity between the regions can be explained by (a) extensive final host migration in the case of A. simplex (s.s.), (b) an overlapping distribution of final host populations along the continental shelves for P. decipiens (s.s.) and (c) a low host specificity and large population size in the intermediate and final hosts for H. aduncum. The occurrence of the identified species in the macrourid fish underlines the potential of cosmopolitan ascaridoid nematodes to distribute not only horizontally but also vertically in the deep sea.  相似文献   

7.
The occurrence of Genus Anisakis nematode larvae in marine fishes and cephalopods is epidemiologically important because Anisakis simplex larval stage can cause a clinical disease in humans when infected hosts are consumed raw. Common squid (Todarodes pacificus) from Korean waters were investigated for anisakid nematodes infection during 2009～2011. In total, 1,556 larvae were collected from 615 common squids and 732 of them were subsequently identified by PCR-RFLP analysis of ITS rDNA. Depending on the sampling locations, the nematode larvae from common squid showed different prevalence, intensity and species distribution. A high prevalence (P) and mean intensity (MI) of infection were observed in the Yellow Sea (n = 250, P = 86.0%, MI = 5.99 larvae/host) and the southern sea of Korea (n = 126, P = 57.1%, MI = 3.36 larvae/host). Anisakis pegreffii was dominantly found in common squid from the southern sea (127/ 140, 90.7%) and the Yellow Sea (561/565, 98.9%). In contrast, the P and MI of infection were relatively low in the East Sea (n = 239, P = 8.37%, MI = 1.25 larvae/host). A. pegreffii was not found from the East Sea and 52.0% (13/25) of the nematodes were identified as A. simplex. Most of them were found in the body cavity or digestive tract of common squid, which are rarely consumed raw by humans. Considering the differenences in anisakid nematode species distribution and their microhabitat in common squid, it remains unclear whether common squid plays an important role in the epidemiology of human anisakis infection in Korea. Further extensive identification of anisakid nematodes in common squid, with geographical and seasonal information will be necessary.  相似文献   

8.
Behaviors, activity budgets, and spatial locations of reef-associated schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) and non-reef-associated checkered puffer (Sphoeroides testudineus) were cataloged in mangrove forests in Caribbean Honduras to see how and where they spent their time and whether this changed as they grew. For schoolmasters, swimming was the most common behavior, while checkered puffers spent the majority of their time resting. Both remained completely within (as opposed to outside) the mangrove roots and in the lower half of the water column most of the time. However, as the size of the fish increased there was a clear decrease in the time spent both within the root system and closer to the substrate; the larger fish spent more time higher up in the water column and outside the root system. This was observed in both the schoolmaster and the puffer; the schoolmaster subsequently moves to reefs while the puffer does not. Coupled with limited feeding, the results suggest a primarily protective function for mangroves.  相似文献   

9.
The new diatom species Mediopyxis helysia was described to science from clones found in 2003 in the North Sea, northern Wadden Sea, and the Gulf of Maine. Seven years after its first occurrence, we observed Mediopyxis to contribute up to almost 50% of the biovolume of the diatoms during a diatom spring bloom in the western Wadden Sea. Grazing experiments based on the dilution technique could not detect any microzooplankton grazing impact on the bloom community. Mediopyxis is now also well established in the western Wadden Sea and does have the potential to become a dominant species. The reasons for its success remain largely unresolved but avoidance of being grazed might be one factor. Future research on this new species is needed to understand the success and forecast the ecological footprint of this large diatom species arriving in the western European Seas.  相似文献   

10.
The topographic effect of a meridional marine ridge on the spin-down of a cyclonic eddy is discussed by use of a two layer model. It is shown that cyclonic eddies on the eastern side of a marine ridge decay in a shorter time in comparison with those on the western side. The fast decay on the eastern side is mainly due to the planetary effect, which carries the eddy westward to a shallower region on the ridge, where remarkable frictional spin-down is carried out. Conversely, westward shift of the similar cyclonic eddy yields a weak bottom effect in the western side. It is inferred that the resulting remarkable spin-down on the eastern side of a marine ridge is one of the causes of the observed fast decay of the cyclonic cold water mass accompanied by the large meander of the Kuroshio on the eastern side of the Izu Ridge south of Japan.  相似文献   

11.
The tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 greatly influenced the coastal benthic environment on the northern Pacific coast of Japan. We used the direct count method to investigate changes in the abundance and distribution of Alexandrium (Alexandrium tamarense and Alexandrium catenella) cysts before and after the tsunami in Sendai Bay. Densities of Alexandrium cysts in sediments collected in summer 2011 ranged from 0 to 8,190 cysts cm?3. In the western part of the bay, the density increased greatly after the tsunami, the highest density being approximately 10 times the density recorded in 2005. Molecular identification of single cysts with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that Alexandrium tamarense dominated the cyst population in the southwestern part of the bay in 2011. Furthermore, accumulation of cysts on the surface sediment after disturbance of the sediment was confirmed by a laboratory experiment. The main factor causing the drastic changes in abundance and distribution of Alexandrium cysts after the earthquake was considered to be vertical and horizontal redistribution of the cysts in sediments after the tsunami.  相似文献   

12.
The repeated occurrence of a monospecific bloom of the plankton diatom Rhizosolenia delicatula at Roscoff (western English Channel) was made the subject of an interdisciplinary research programme. Samples were taken at daily intervals from April to July and at longer intervals during the remaining part of the year 1985. Routine physical parameters, light transmission, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, particle load, particulate N and P, chlorophyll content, phytoplankton counting, and zooplankton biomass were measured as a basis for more specific studies (to follow as subsequent papers in this series).The area is characterized by: high tidal range, permanent mixing throughout the year, low attenuation coefficients, moderate nutrient supply, and the dominance of benthic algae over phytoplankton. The spring bloom is significantly delayed with respect to the usual model for the temperate seas. Tidal cycles are expected to exert the main influence on bloom dynamics at the time scale of phytoplankton growth.  相似文献   

13.
The species composition and seasonal dynamics of the population density and biomass of the prasinophycean algae of the genus Pyramimonas were investigated in the Russian waters of the East/Japan Sea. According to literature data and the results of our observations, eight species of the prasinophycean algae were identified, and some of them were new for the Russian waters of the East/Japan Sea as follows: P. aff. amylifera Ñonrad, P. aff. cordata McFadden, Hill et Wetherbee, and P. nansenii Braarud. An analysis of their seasonal dynamics showed that the most conspicuous winter peak of the population density of Pyramimonas species in the Amurskii Bay was clearly distinguishable in February. In winter and early spring, the prasinophycean algae made a considerable contribution of 28 to 60% into the total population density on the background of a relatively low biomass, 1.1–14.4% of the total phytoplankton biomass in the Amurskii Bay. In the Golden Horn Bay, the summer peak of the population density of Pyramimonas species was most intensive in June. In summer, during the period of mass development of the algae of the genus Pyramimonas in the Golden Horn Bay, the prasinophycean algae contributed up to 71% of the total population density and up to 84% of the total microalgal biomass. An increase was noted in the density and biomass of the Pyramimonas species in the polluted waters near the sewage water outlets in the Amurskii and Golden Horn bays.  相似文献   

14.
The results of a phytoplankton survey conducted in coastal waters off western Ireland in 1980/1981 are reported. Surface values of temperature, salinity, NO3N, PO4P, Si, total N, total P and chlorophyll a (Chla) collected at 6 stations during 14 cruises are presented along with the species composition of the net phytoplankton.The spring bloom occurred in late April and was dominated by diatoms. Between April and July further diatom blooms occurred. In July and August dinoflagellates were dominant. This change was associated with the stratification of offshore water and low concentrations of Chla and nutrients. In Autumn large blooms of Ceratium tripos were found; it is suggested that the cause was heavy freshwater runoff. In autumn and winter some warm water oceanic species (e.g. Oxytoxum scolopax) occurred.  相似文献   

15.
为进一步认识日本福岛核事故对海洋生物体内放射性水平及公众辐射剂量的影响,本研究对日本福岛核事故后采集自西北太平洋的巴特柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)器官组织中总α、总β放射性活度进行了测量分析,结果表明:巴特柔鱼各内脏器官中总α和总β的活度浓度明显高于其他软组织,其中以肝脏最为明显;巴特柔鱼各内脏...  相似文献   

16.
The geographic and bathymetric distribution of “ostur”, that is mass occurrences of large-sized astrophorid demosponges, first recognized at the Faroe Islands during the internordic BIOFAR programme (Marine Benthic Fauna of the Faroe Islands), are mapped for the northeast Atlantic. This is done on the basis of information obtained during the sampling of the BIOICE programme (Benthic Invertebrates in Icelandic Waters) as well as during cruises at Karmoy (southwest Norway), the Trondheim Fjord (middle Norway), the Koster area (southwest Sweden) and the Denmark Strait (southeast Greenland). In addition, information has been acquired from Nordic and German biologists and fishermen regarding the occurrence of “ostur”. These data together with the sparse information in the literature show that the geographic distribution of the “ostur” areas follows two band-shaped arcs, defined by the Norwegian Atlantic Current and the Irminger Current. The local occurrence of “ostur” is, however, to a great extent dependent on areas of variable topography where a hard bottom is present.The results show that two main types of “ostur” can be recognized in the northeast Atlantic. Firstly a boreal “ostur” which is dominated by Geodia barretti, Geodia macandrewi, Geodia atlantica, Isops phlegraei, Stryphnus ponderosus and Stelletta normani, and occurs around the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, parts of the western Barents Sea and south of Iceland. Secondly a cold water “ostur” characterized by the same genera but represented by different species, viz. Geodia mesotriaena, Isops phlegraei pyriformis and Stelletta rhaphidiophora, which is found north of Iceland, in most of the Denmark Strait, off East Greenland and north of Spitzbergen. A number of hexactinellid species are also represented in the cold water “ostur”, the most frequently occurring being Schaudinnia rosea.Suggestions are given regarding the possible causes for observed changes in the distribution of “ostur” as well as to the biological importance of these areas.  相似文献   

17.
To clarify the global deep-water circulation in the northwest Pacific, we conducted current observations with seven moorings at 40°N east of Japan from May 2007 to October 2008, together with hydrographic observations. By analyzing the data, while taking into consideration that the deep circulation has a northward component in this region and carries low-silica, high-dissolved-oxygen water, we clarified that the deep circulation flows within the region between 144°30′ and 146°10′E at 40°N on and east of the eastern slope of the Japan Trench with marked variability; the deep circulation flows partly on the eastern slope of the trench and mainly to the east during P1 (10 May–24 November 2007), is confined to the eastern slope of the trench during P2 (25 November 2007–20 May 2008), and flows on and to the immediate east of the eastern slope of the trench during P3 (21 May–15 October 2008). Previous studies have identified two branches of the deep circulation at lower latitudes in the western North Pacific; one flows off the western trenches and the other detours near the Shatsky Rise. It was thus concluded that the eastern branch flows westward at 38°N and then northward to the east of the trench, finally joining the western branch around 40°N during P1 and P3, whereas the eastern branch passes westward south of 38°N, joins the western branch around 38°N, and flows northward on the eastern slope of the trench during P2.  相似文献   

18.
A 15-cm-thick carbonate substrate encrusted with ferromanganese oxides from the Vityaz Fracture Zone, Central Indian Ridge was analyzed to reconstruct the paleoceanography of the region. Based on the calcareous nannoplankton assemblage, an early Pliocene age has been assigned to the calcareous substrate. Among the nannoplankton, discoasters outnumber coccoliths and show signs of dissolution. The presence of certain species of benthic Foraminifera such as Uvigerina, Lenticulina, Bulimina and Bolivina, indicates the infringement of the oxygen minimum zone during the deposition of the carbonates. The occurrence of a Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica zone of early Pliocene age suggests a change in depositional conditions coinciding with the time of formation of the large depositional hiatuses documented in sediment cores from adjacent basins of the western Indian Ocean. These hiatuses resulted from the prevalence of intermediate subsurface currents such as the Somali Current or the Western Boundary Current.  相似文献   

19.
Abstract

Tsunami occurrence and invasive tsunami at a local area in the circum‐Pacific seismic zone were studied as a Poisson process. The tsunami height at Osaka, Japan, was related to tsunami magnitude. The exceedence frequency of invaded tsunami at Osaka showed a good fitness to the Poisson process. However, an adapted process should be introduced for exceedence frequency of tsunami occurrence in the western Pacific. The exceedence probability of invasive tsunami at Osaka was shown as a function of tsunami magnitude on a diagram with a parameter of the time period. The obtained result might be useful for the planning of coastal area, warning of invasive tsunami, and designing coastal structures as protection within the scope of tsunami economics.  相似文献   

20.
A continuous survey examined short-term variations in the zooplankton community and physical ocean environment from the northeastern Izu Islands to Boso Peninsula in Japan. High copepod abundance and small upwellings in the surface layer and salinity minimum layer in the subsurface were observed on the north side of coastal fronts in the westernmost transect, moving southward as the Kuroshio Current left the Boso Peninsula. Thus, the salinity minimum layer might be a key factor forming upwelling and the fronts, leading to large abundance of coastal copepods off the northeastern Izu Islands. A community structure analysis of calanoid copepods revealed an intermediate belt assemblage between coastal and offshore (Kuroshio) assemblages. Copepod abundance was remarkably low and Ctenocalanus vanus dominated (nearly 37%) in the intermediate belt zone, indicating that C. vanus has a relatively high tolerance to adverse environments for calanoid copepods. As the Kuroshio Current left the Boso Peninsula, the coastal assemblage expanded in the same direction, and the intermediate belt assemblage off the northeastern Izu Islands disappeared. The largest population of Calanus sinicus was found along the two western transects off the northeastern Izu Islands (>1000 m depth), which was assumed to be transported from Sagami Bay and advanced southwestward while growing from copepodite stages CIII to CV. Larvae of C. sinicus would be an important food for fish larvae in addition to Paracalanus parvus s.l., the numerically dominant species in the coastal assemblage, and C. vanus under the adverse conditions for coastal copepods.  相似文献   

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