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通过中国地震预报历程、地震震例的总结研究和汶川地震的概要同顾,表明我国地震预报已取得了有益的经验教训,海城地震等事例说明至少一些地震是存在前兆的,依据前兆进行地震预报是有希望的,但地震预报需要持续不断的长期探索研究.目前,依靠地震预报来防御地震灾害是小现实的,加强地震预报的科学研究,基于地震危险性的科学分析结果进行抗震设防是有效的减灾途径. 相似文献
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经过约25个世纪的时间，人们观察到了大量的地震前兆现象，并收集和记录了有关的资料，有的工作是专门的人员完成的：有的是由于偶然的机会或者由间接的原因形成的。最近120年以来，这方面的资料得到了系统的收集；近30年来，这项工作和深入地研究与地震发生的物理化学现象相结合，成了地震预报应用研究的一项工作。引入时间、空间的概念，重新建立了详细记录地震、地震前兆和地震预报研究的主要方法。在地震前兆的研究中，对起促进作用和阻力作用的科学上和经济上的限定因素已经有所考虑及评论。 相似文献
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张炜 《水文地质工程地质》1991,18(2):45-47
地震预报问题是当今地球科学中尚未解决的科学难题。为了解决地震预报这个难题,当前最重要的是要寻找出可靠的地震预报方法,为此必须努力探索与地震孕育有关的各种地球物理和地球化学效应。近年来,随着地震前兆研究的进展,水文地球化 相似文献
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地震台站工作人员 ,在进行观测资料分析、地震预报研究过程中 ,往往会遇到的几个问题 :1、手段单一 ,对于前兆现象无法全面表述。 2、如何识别异常与地震之间的关系。 3、如何兼顾点和面的关系。 相似文献
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介绍了苏联地震预报工作的现状,提出了在观测基础上研究地震能、震源体积和孕震时间的联系及有关公式,计算地震周期,更准确地预报地震前兆,建立孕震物理学模型,建立现代化的预报系统与行政管理系统。 相似文献
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论地震数值预报——关于我国地震预报研究发展战略的思考 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
随着中国工业化和社会现代化进程的加快 ,中国城市化进程必将进一步加速。如何减轻地震灾害的问题正变得日益严峻。尽管地震预测是一个举世公认的国际性科学难题 ,但在强化各种减轻地震灾害措施的同时 ,仍须大力推进地震预测研究。为此 ,需要打破长期徘徊在以地震前兆异常监测为基础的经验性预测局面 ,把注意力尽快转向研究以动力学为基础的数值预报。以GPS为代表的空间对地观测技术 ,岩石圈巨型高分辨率宽频带流动地震台阵观测技术以及数值模拟技术已经为地震数值预报研究提供了前所未有的技术基础。以地震数值预报为目标的GPS阵列地壳形变连续观测 ,高分辨率地壳上地幔结构探测 ,地壳动力学 ,地震孕育和破裂过程的理论、模拟试验和实际观测 ,数据同化和计算软件的开发应成为今后研究的重点。现在的问题是 ,需要积极借助数值天气预报的经验 ,强化多学科 ,多部门的组织协调 ,尽早在有条件的地区开展地震动力学数值预报的科学试验。地震数值预报研究必将极大地促进中国地震科学基础研究和地震预报的进一步发展。 相似文献
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地震预报是当今世界尚未破解的重大科技难题，短临地震预报是地震预报的难点，有效的前兆信息则是短临预报的关键。笔者围绕短临地震预报难题，研制了高精度动态固体潮汐重力仪和大气潮汐重力仪，成功捕获到2010～2023年间的玉树7.1级地震、土耳其7.8级地震等震前几十个小时的动态重力场变化信息。这些信息再现了强震孕育–发生的过程，初步揭示短临阶段“基本稳定→闭锁蓄能→震前平静→能量释放”的强震物理机制，可作为短临地震预报的前兆信息。为实现对短临地震“时-空-强”的准确预报，提出通过动态重力场变化组网观测和分布式前兆信息数据库建设，进一步揭示不同类型地震的动态重力信号响应规律，建立强震发生概率、时间、震中位置及震级预报模型的可行性路径，渴望破解强震短临预报的世界难题。 相似文献
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《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2003,(1)
一、引言 2001年11月14日17时26分,在新疆、青海交界的昆仑山口西(北纬36.2°,东经90.9°)发生了8.1级地震。这是继1950年8月15日西藏察隅8.6级地震后,中国大陆发生的最大地震。昆仑山口西8.1级地震前,首都圈及华北北部部分地温测点观测到了明显的前兆异常和同震效应。本文对这些前兆异常和同震效应进行了初步分析和研究,这对进一步分析研究地温观测资料的前兆特征,提高地温观测资料预报地震水平是十分有益的。 相似文献
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目前在地震前兆的观测方面，普遍趋向于将最突出的地震前兆根据可能有的预警时间归类于一种地震发生的模型．例如，Rikitakc(1987)最近收集了418个日本的地震前兆异常，并按照前兆时间作了分类．虽然在可靠性和统计意义上变动很大，但是这种经验观测至少可以分出4种截然不同的类型， 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
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正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
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正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献