共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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为了在较宽频域内研究砂岩衰减变化,实验在13.2MPa的初应力水平下,测得了蠕变(1小时~3天)和超声波(470 KHz、700KHz)频率下干燥的大庆、紫蓬山砂岩衰减.发现蠕变衰减随蠕变时间增大而增大,且均大于超声波频率下的衰减,最小相差亦有40%.将衰减与应力作用频率关系转化为衰减与蠕变量关系后,二者线性相关,相关系数大于95%.且据此将蠕变量向超声波频率对应的应变量外推所得的衰减值与实验测得的衰减值符合较好.实验得到的应变量与衰减的线性关系,解释了已有的0.1~1 MHz下衰减近似常量的事实,亦可预测岩石从蠕变破裂所对应的最低频率到MHz频率范围内衰减变化. 相似文献
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在常温下、单轴加压下对两种岩石完整样品进行蠕变破坏过程中声发射活动实验.根据实验获得的数据讨论了蠕变三个阶段中声发射活动特征.在瞬态蠕变阶段,随着加载,声发射活动逐渐增强;在稳态蠕变阶段,在较低的声发射活动背景上,可能出现较强的信号,声发射幅值-频度关系的 m 值可能稳定于某一低值,也可能下降;进入加速蠕变阶段,声发射活动水平增强,m 值下降加快,也可能表现为明显回升后再下降,并与岩石样品的性质有关.将蠕变破坏三个阶段中声发射活动与地震孕育过程中某些地震活动图象变化(如 b 值、前震活动)进行了联系,提出地壳岩石蠕变破坏机制形成前震—主震—(余震)型地震序列类型的可能性. 相似文献
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在常温下、单轴加压下对两种岩石完整样品进行蠕变破坏过程中声发射活动实验.根据实验获得的数据讨论了蠕变三个阶段中声发射活动特征.在瞬态蠕变阶段,随着加载,声发射活动逐渐增强;在稳态蠕变阶段,在较低的声发射活动背景上,可能出现较强的信号,声发射幅值-频度关系的 m 值可能稳定于某一低值,也可能下降;进入加速蠕变阶段,声发射活动水平增强,m 值下降加快,也可能表现为明显回升后再下降,并与岩石样品的性质有关.将蠕变破坏三个阶段中声发射活动与地震孕育过程中某些地震活动图象变化(如 b 值、前震活动)进行了联系,提出地壳岩石蠕变破坏机制形成前震——主震——(余震)型地震序列类型的可能性. 相似文献
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对花岗岩样品进行逐次加载的蠕变实验,得到了加载过程中的蠕变曲线和蠕变破裂的全过程曲线.对加载过程中的杨氏模量、蠕变量、蠕变速率等参数用加卸载响应比方法进行了分析,认为有二种不同形态的响应曲线.在中低应力的弹性阶段其响应比都近似为1,而在高应力的膨胀阶段其响应比都随应力而增加.对应力不变时的蠕变破裂全过程曲线进行了分解,在蠕变破裂过程中,瞬态、稳态和加速3个阶段的持续时间分别为全部时间的18%,75%和7%;在加速蠕变阶段蠕变速率及其响应比明显增加.这一结果是预测蠕变破裂的明显指标. 相似文献
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孕震过程中孔隙压及地下水位变化的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
地震孕育过程中孕震区内各点的应力应变都将发生变化，介质的物性参数也将改变，因此孔隙压和地下水位随之改变。本文在研究孕震过程中包括扩容和断层蠕变效应在内的应力应变场的基础上，根据应力场与孔隙压场的耦合方程，把孔隙压场随应力场的应力变化定量地计算出来。计算结果表明，孕震过程中孔隙压的变化与应力场变的化的强弱及南的渗透性能等因素相关。孕震过程后期，震源区表现为扩容区并且孔隙压强以负压为主，此结果显示着震 相似文献
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经典西原流变模型能够较好地描述岩石材料蠕变过程的前两个阶段,但不能描述加速蠕变阶段.前人对流变模型的改进和组合多以屈服强度阀值来界定加速蠕变阶段,而以时间阀值来界定加速蠕变阶段的研究相对较少.本文引入能反映加速蠕变加载时间的时间元件和能够描述加速蠕变曲线的非线性黏壶,两者并联组成TN体再与传统西原模型进行组合,形成一种能同时描述衰减蠕变、定常蠕变、加速蠕变的非线性黏弹塑性流变模型.并将新模型与实际试验数据进行拟合,相似性系数达0.99以上,所得模型更适合描述岩石材料的流变现象. 相似文献
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Transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We review transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline solids. The results are expected to be pertinent to crystalline rocks undergoing deformation in the depth range 5 to 20 km, corresponding to depths of focus of many major earthquakes. Transient creep data for crystalline rocks at elevated temperatures are analyzed but are poorly understood because of lack of information on the deformation processes which, at low to moderate pressure, are likely to be semibrittle in nature. Activation energies for transient creep at high effective confining pressure are much higher than those found for atmospheric pressure tests in which thermally-activated microfracturing probably dominates the creep rate. Empirical transient creep equations are extrapolated at 200° to 600°C, stresses from 0.1 to 1.0 kbar, to times ranging from 3.17×102 to 3.17×108 years. At the higher temperatures, appreciable transient creep strains may take place but the physical significance of the results is in question because the flow mechanisms have not been determined. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate careful research on this important topic. 相似文献
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The constitutive theory on the viscoelastoplasticity and damage of frozen soil is based on the continuous mechanics and thermodynamics. The basic principles of the theory, dissipation potential function and damage model are presented. The constitutive theory explains the mechanical properties of frozen soils under complicated stresses, especially under high confining pressures which make frozen soil harden and soften. The agreement between the calculated results by the constitutive theory and the experimental results of triaxial creep of frozen soil is seen to be very good. 相似文献
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冻土蠕变过程中结构的CT分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
ＣＴ为非破坏的持续检测和定量描述不同实验条件下试样的内部结构提供了可能，本文利用这一手段观测分析了冻土蠕变过程结构的变化情况，认为冻土蠕变过程中所进行的发育微裂隙、颗粒集合体的破坏以及其它结构缺陷的增生与扩展，制约着土结构的强化与弱化作用，控制着蠕变过程的形态特征，同时还给出了ＣＴ值与物密度和含水量之间的定量关系。 相似文献
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针对人工制备的大连饱和黏土,在静应力与循环应力联合作用下进行了多组循环剪切试验,着重探讨了初始静力大小及加载速率对循环剪切变形特性的影响.试验表明静应力与循环应力作用下饱和黏土具有循环蠕变特性,总应变由初始静应变和循环蠕变两部分组成,其中循环蠕变主要受循环应力幅值、初始静应力大小及其加载速率的影响,循环蠕变的逐次增加量... 相似文献
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量化分析构造、侵蚀与气候之间的相互作用关系是现代地球动力学的前沿.断层陡崖是伸展构造环境中的一种常见地貌特征,是构造与地表过程密切耦合作用下演化的结果.断层崖面形态各异,如断层陡坎、断层三角面和断层梯形面等.本文基于数值模拟方法,对断层滑动速率、断层滑动周期、河流下切系数、山坡蠕移系数等关键性控制因素对断层崖形态和几何特征的影响进行了系统分析,主要结论为：依据参数空间的动力学对比模拟结果,可以将断层陡崖分为三个主要类型,即沟壑型、断层三角面型和尖锥型;断层陡崖的最终形态主要受地表演化过程（即河流下切、山坡蠕移）的控制;三角面型陡崖的高度和宽度随时间增大,但坡度角在演化过程中基本不变,其几何特征主要受控于断层滑动速率,且在相同的气候和岩性条件下,与断层滑动速率呈正相关;在十万年时间尺度下,断层滑动周期与三角面的形态和几何特征基本无关.断层滑动速率与三角面坡度角间的正相关关系可用于解释观测数据的统计结果,如希腊和保加利亚的观测数据. 相似文献
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THE GEOLOGICAL AND ROCK MECHANICAL DISTINCTION EVIDENCE BETWEEN STICK-SLIP AND CREEP IN HOST ROCK SEGMENTS OF FAULT 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHOU Yong-sheng 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1266-1272
Paleo-seismic and fault activity are hard to distinguish in host rock areas compared with soft sedimentary segments of fault. However, fault frictional experiments could obtain the conditions of stable and unstable slide, as well as the microstructures of fault gouge, which offer some identification marks between stick-slip and creep of fault.
We summarized geological and rock mechanical distinction evidence between stick-slip and creep in host rock segments of fault, and analyzed the physical mechanisms which controlled the behavior of stick-slip and creep. The chemical composition of fault gouge is most important to control stick-slip and creep. Gouge composed by weak minerals, such as clay mineral, has velocity weakening behavior, which causes stable slide of fault. Gouge with rock-forming minerals, such as calcite, quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, has stick-slip behavior under condition of focal depth. To the gouge with same chemical composition, the deformation mechanism controls the frictional slip. It is essential condition to stick slip for brittle fracture companied by dilatation, but creep is controlled by compaction and cataclasis as well as ductile shear with foliation and small fold. However, under fluid conditions, pressure solution which healed the fractures and caused strength recovery of fault, is the original reason of unstable slide, and also resulted in locking of fault with high pore pressure in core of fault zone. Contrast with that, rock-forming minerals altered to phyllosilicates in the gouges by fluid flow through degenerative reaction and hydrolysis reaction, which produced low friction fault and transformations to creep. The creep process progressively developed several wide shear zones including of R, Y, T, P shear plane that comprise gouge zones embedded into wide damage zones, which caused small earthquake distributed along wide fault zones with focal mechanism covered by normal fault, strike-slip fault and reverse fault. However, the stick-slip produced mirror-like slide surfaces with very narrow gouges along R shear plane and Y shear plane, which caused small earthquake distributed along narrow fault zones with single kind of focal mechanism. 相似文献