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1.
基于扰动状态概念的结构性土压缩特性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于土结构性的影响天然沉积土的结构是亚稳定的,屈服后的压缩变形阶段必然伴随着结构的破损。将附加孔隙比?e作为表征原状土的一个结构状态参数,基于扰动状态概念,引入定量分析附加孔隙比?e随固结压力变化关系的方法,得到一维扰动状态概念(DSC)压缩模型,以描述结构性土压缩损伤现象,并通过结构破损指数b来刻画压缩过程中的结构破损速率。根据该模型,对太湖湖沼相典型的天然沉积软黏土、粉质黏土和硬黏土不扰动试样的一维压缩试验结果进行模拟和分析,并结合试验数据提出了模型参数的测定方法。分析结果验证了该模型能够描述具有不同结构形式土样的压缩特性及其实际变形过程中表现出的非线性,这给结构性土非线性固结与沉降计算提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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A constitutive model based on the disturbed state concept is presented to describe the behavior of interfaces in unsaturated soil. The model is an extension of an existing model developed for a sand–steel interface. As opposed to the original model, the modified model incorporates two independent stress variables, which are the net normal stress and matric suction. The saturated and dry state of the interface can be modeled as a special case using the constitutive model presented in this paper. The modified model is capable of capturing the main features of unsaturated interfaces observed during laboratory testing, including increasing shear strength and strain softening with increasing suction and net normal stress and increasing dilatancy with increasing suction. Laboratory tests were carried out on unsaturated interfaces in a modified direct shear test apparatus. The observed behavior of interfaces between unsaturated soil and steel plates (rough and smooth) is presented in comparison with model predictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
修正了传统隐式回映算法,建立了适用于饱和黏土循环动力分析的边界面塑性模型的完全隐式积分格式。该模型基于无弹性域概念和临界状态理论,采用各向同性、运动硬化准则、旋转的边界面,并引入表征土体结构损伤和重塑程度的损伤变量以反映循环载荷作用下饱和黏土的各向异性、刚度、强度软化及塑性变形累积等特征。针对等压固结 和偏压固结 的饱和高岭黏土的不排水三轴试验进行模拟,采用不同的应变增量步长进行计算,并与试验数据对比,结果表明,修正隐式回映算法应用于该类边界面模型的合理性、积分格式的精确性和稳定性;另外,结合有限元软件自动时间步长的增量迭代解法,对饱和黏土应力控制的不排水动三轴试验进行预测,结果表明,修正的适用于该边界面的塑性模型隐式回映算法可以得到比较合理的数值分析结果,能够反映饱和黏土的循环刚度的退化和强度的弱化等动力特性。 相似文献
4.
A fundamental procedure is proposed for the identification of liquefaction in saturated soils based on the instability in the material's microstructure. The disturbed state concept (DSC) provides a unified constitutive model for the characterization of entire stress–strain behaviour under cyclic loading, and the values of disturbance at threshold states in the deforming microstructure provides the basis for the identification of liquefaction. The procedure is verified with respect to laboratory behaviour of two sands, saturated Ottawa and Reid Bedford. A mathematical analysis of the DSC constitutive matrix is also performed. Procedures for the application of the DSC for simplified analysis and design, and in finite element procedures are presented. It is believed that the proposed model can provide a fundamental yet simplified procedure for liquefaction analysis, and as a result, it is considered to be an improvement over the available empirical and energy-based procedures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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随着海洋工程建设的快速发展,海洋环境中的地基稳定性逐渐成为学者和工程师关注的热点问题,建立一个简化的饱和黏土循环加载模型对于长期循环荷载下海上构筑物的设计具有重要意义。针对饱和黏土的循环弱化特性,在Hardin-Drnevich等效非线性模型的基础上,建立了考虑循环弱化的饱和黏土简化非线性模型来描述循环加载下饱和黏土的应力-应变关系,模型中引入了由循环加载期间产生的累积塑性变形控制的强度和模量衰减比公式。通过参数分析,说明了形状参数 与n以及残余衰减比与衰减系数等参数的意义和作用。通过对文献中单向循环试验和双向循环试验结果的模拟,验证了该简化模型可以较好地描述循环加载时饱和黏土应力应变滞回圈的演变规律以及循环加载后饱和黏土的强度和刚度弱化现象。简化模型大大提高了计算效率,与传统的土体弹塑性模型相比更加便于工程应用。 相似文献
6.
Jean-Herv Prvost 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1977,1(2):195-216
The proposed general analytical model describes the anisotropic, elasto-plastic, path-dependent, stress-strain-strength properties of inviscid saturated clays under undrained loading conditions. The model combines properties of isotropic and kinematic plasticity by introducing the concept of a field of plastic moduli which is defined in stress space by the relative configuration of yield surfaces. For any loading (or unloading) history, the instantaneous configuration is determined by calculating the translation and contraction (or expansion) of each yield surface. The stress-strain behaviour of clays can thus be determined for complex loading paths and in particular for cyclic loadings. The stress-strain relationships are provided for use in finite element analyses. The model parameters required to characterize the behaviour of any given clay can be derived entirely from conventional triaxial or simple shear soil test results. The model's extreme versatility is demonstrated by using it to formulate the behaviour of the Drammen clay under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. The parameters are determined by using solely the results from monotonic and cyclic strain-controlled simple shear experimental tests, and the model's accuracy is evaluated by applying it to predict the results of other tests such as (1) cyclic stress-controlled simple shear tests, (2) monotonic triaxial loading compression and unloading extension tests, and (3) cyclic stress- and strain-controlled triaxial tests on, this same clay. The theoretical predictions are found to agree extremely well with the experimental test results. 相似文献
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考虑循环载荷下饱和黏土软化的损伤边界面模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究表明,循环载荷作用下饱和黏土将发生软化,其机制主要有两个：一是孔压的积累;二是土体原有结构的不断损伤和新结构的不断重塑。针对上述机制,基于广义各向同性硬化准则建立了考虑饱和黏土循环软化的损伤单面模型。该模型在有效应力空间中引入损伤变量,表征土体结构的损伤和重塑程度,在连续的循环加载下,损伤不断累积,边界面则随着损伤的累积不断收缩,以模拟饱和黏土刚度和强度的软化;以应力反向点作为边界面的广义各向同性硬化中心和映射法则的映射中心,灵活地选择塑性模量的插值公式以模拟塑性变形和孔压的累积以及应力-应变的滞回特性。应用该模型对不排水循环三轴试验进行模拟,并且考查了循环周次、循环应力水平和固结历史对饱和黏土循环软化特性的影响,并与相关试验比较,验证了模型的有效性。 相似文献
9.
天然土体的初始各向异性通常可对其后继循环特性产生显著影响。现有考虑循环载荷作用的土体弹塑性模型,往往采用类似修正剑桥模型的椭圆形屈服面,已有研究表明,该椭圆形屈服面因其拉伸弹性区域偏大,针对天然K0固结状态的土体,其计算精度较差。基于新近提出的广义各向同性硬化准则,在边界面方程中引入初始各向异性张量,并采用空间滑动面破坏准则（SMP）的变换应力法,建立了能考虑饱和黏土初始各向异性的循环边界面塑性模型。分别针对等压和偏压固结的饱和黏土静、动三轴试验进行模拟,结果表明,该模型能合理反映土体的初始各向异性及其后继循环动力特性。 相似文献
10.
为了获得广东珠江口海洋软土的不排水抗剪强度,分别开展了不固结不排水剪切和固结不排水剪切三轴试验、无侧限抗压试验、现场取土离心机正常固结模型地基的T-bar静力贯入试验以及现场十字板剪切试验和静力触探试验（CPT）,并采用土力学经验公式进行计算,确定了珠江口海洋软土不排水抗剪强度沿深度的分布规律,并综合评价了各种方法的有效性。为了获得该区域软土的循环弱化规律,分别开展了循环动三轴试验、现场取土离心机正常固结模型地基的T-bar循环贯入试验和现场单桩水平循环加载试验,揭示了软土循环动模量比与循环次数之间的双对数线性关系,获得了3种试验条件下珠江口海洋软土的循环弱化因子。其研究结果可为该区域海洋建筑物设计提供直接依据,也可为其他类型工程提供借鉴。 相似文献
11.
针对非饱和重塑黏土,利用改进的非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在固结排水（CD）条件下进行了应力控制式分级加载的循环三轴试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析,探讨了初始固结压力和基质吸力(孔隙气压力Ua与孔隙水压力Uw之差)对非饱和土动应力-动应变关系特性的影响。以此为基础,将Hardin-Drnerich等价黏弹性模型和Masing加卸载准则进行了改进,并得到了可以考虑基质吸力的非饱和黏土的等价黏弹性模型。进而对试验数据与模型预测结果进行比较,结果表明这种改进的非饱和土等价黏弹性模型能较好预测各种基质吸力下非饱和土的动应力-动应变关系。 相似文献
12.
This paper presents a two-surface plasticity model for describing some important features of saturated clay under cyclic loading conditions, such as closed hysteresis loops, cyclic shakedown and degradation, and different stress–strain relations for two-way loading. The model, namely ACC-2-C, is based on the elastoplastic model ACC-2 (an adapted Modified Cam Clay model with two yield surfaces) developed by Hong et al. (Acta Geotech 11(4):871–885, 2015). The small-strain nonlinearity concept is adopted to achieve the nonlinear characteristics of clay during unloading–loading stage. The new hardening law related to accumulated deviatoric plastic strain is proposed for the inner surface to describe the cyclic shakedown and degradation. Following the advantages of the ACC-2 model, the constitutive equations are simply formulated based on the consistency condition for the inner yield surface. The model is conveniently implemented in a finite element code using a stress integration scheme similar to the Modified Cam Clay model. The simulation results are highly consistent with experimental data from drained and undrained isotropic cyclic triaxial tests in normally consolidated saturated clay under both one-way and two-way loadings.
相似文献13.
Successful numerical simulation of geosynthetic-reinforced earth structures depends on selecting proper constitutive models for soils, geosynthetics and soil–geosynthetic interfaces. Many constitutive models are available for modelling soils and geosynthetics. However, constitutive models for soil–geosynthetic interfaces which can capture most of the important characteristics of interface response are not readily available. In this paper, an elasto-plastic constitutive model based on the disturbed state concept (DSC) for geosynthetic–soil interfaces has been presented. The proposed model is capable of capturing most of the important characteristics of interface response, such as dilation, hardening and softening. The behaviour of interfaces under the direct shear test has been predicted by the model. The present model has been implemented in the finite element procedure in association with the thin-layer element. Five pull-out tests with two different geogrids have been simulated numerically using FEM. For the calibration of the constitutive models used in FEM, the standard laboratory tests used are: (1) triaxial tests for the sand, (2) direct shear tests for the interfaces and (3) axial tension tests for the geogrids. The results of the finite element simulations of pull-out tests agree well with the test data. The proposed model can be used for the stress-deformation study of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments through numerical simulation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
In dynamic geotechnical problems, soils are often subjected to a combination of sustained static and fast cyclic loading. Under such loading conditions, saturated and normally consolidated clays generally experience a build-up of excess pore water pressure along with a degradation of stiffness and strength. If the strength of the soil falls below the static stress demand, a self-driven failure is triggered. In this paper, a constitutive model is presented for the analysis of such problems, based on a general multisurface plasticity framework. The hardening behavior, the initial arrangement of the surfaces, and the nonassociated volumetric flow rule are defined to capture important aspects of cyclic clay behavior. This includes nonlinear hysteretic stress-strain behavior, the effect of anisotropic consolidation, and the generation of excess pore water pressure during undrained cyclic loading along with a degradation of stiffness and strength. The model requires nine independent parameters, which can be derived from standard laboratory tests. A customized experimental program has been performed to validate the model performance. The model predictions show a good agreement with test results from monotonic and cyclic undrained triaxial tests, in particular with respect to the strain-softening response and the number of loading cycles to failure. A procedure for a general stress-space implicit numerical implementation for undrained, total stress-based finite element analyses is presented, including the derivation of the consistent tangent operator. Finally, a simulation of the seismic response of a submarine slope is shown to illustrate a possible application of the presented model. 相似文献
15.
长期循环荷载作用下排水条件对饱和软黏土动力特性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于软黏土渗透系数很小,目前针对饱和软黏土的循环荷载试验绝大多数都是在不排水条件下进行的。但对交通荷载而言,软黏土承受经年累月的长期循环荷载作用,实际的排水条件应该是部分排水的。基于此,通过对温州原状饱和软黏土进行不同循环应力比下的不排水和部分排水大周数（50 000次）循环三轴试验,分析了长期循环荷载作用下排水条件对饱和软黏土动力特性的影响。研究结果表明与不排水条件相比,部分排水条件下软黏土试样的动力特性表现出很大的不同。随着循环次数的增加,部分排水条件下的孔压随先增加后降低,存在一个峰值;经过较大的循环次数后,回弹应变逐渐减小,应力-应变滞回圈逐渐缩短,面积也明显减小。为了准确预测交通荷载作用下的长期沉降,采用部分排水条件进行试验是十分必要的。 相似文献
16.
An elasto-plastic model is proposed for modeling the constitutive behavior of the interface between gravelly soils and structural materials. This model is based on the two-surface plasticity formulation and it is compatible with the concept of critical state soil mechanics. The model requires the same set of eight calibration parameters for predicting the monotonic and cyclic responses of both loose and dense interfaces. The model simulates cyclic densification, shear degradation and the effects of normal pressure, soil density, and stress path. The performance of the proposed constitutive model is validated by tests data under different normal stresses and boundary conditions. 相似文献
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硬化模型描述软化响应扰动状态理论合理性细观分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对基于硬化模型建立的扰动状态理论（DSC）做细观分析。扰动状态理论允许利用硬化模型得到软化响应。利用硬化土和软化土的宏观剪切实验与同时进行的细观CT实时实验结果对照,指出土体的硬化响应或软化响应与相应CT数统计值变化规律的协调关系,说明扰动状态理论分析和解决问题的逻辑合理性。硬化或软化材料CT数统计值变化规律的差异对应着扰动因子的叠加与否。提出一个新的扰动因子演化方程,演化方程以材料试件各扫描层CT数方差的算术平均值作为自变量,相应算例显示新演化方程的有效性。 相似文献
19.
超固结黏土单调和耦合循环的剪切特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对超固结黏土空心试样,利用土工静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在均等固结条件下进行了单调扭剪和三轴-扭转耦合循环剪切试验。试验结果表明：不同超固结比黏土的单调扭剪强度也可由正常固结黏土的单调扭剪强度得到,得到了不同超固结比下饱和黏土的强度及模量的退化规律;随着超固结比的增大,相同破坏循环次数的动应力比和临界循环应力比均线性增大;超固结比对耦合循环剪切的孔隙水压力的发展模式影响显著。参考Yasuhara的测量方法,采用荷载停止后继续采集孔压的方法可以更好地反映黏土在耦合循环荷载下产生的真实孔压和孔压的增长情况。提出的综合应变式同时考虑了剪切变化和正向偏差变形的共同效应,适合作为主应力连续旋转的耦合循环剪切试验的破坏标准。 相似文献
20.
循环围压对饱和软黏土永久变形的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对温州典型饱和软黏土进行一系列不同应力路径下的部分排水循环动三轴试验,研究了部分排水条件下循环围压对饱和软黏土变形特性的影响。试验结果表明：部分排水条件下,与常规的围压保持恒定,偏应力单独循环作用下的三轴试验结果相比,循环围压的存在对饱和软黏土的永久体应变和永久轴向应变均产生了的显著的影响。在相同循环应力比和循环次数下,试样的永久体应变和永久轴向应变均随着循环围压幅值的增大而增大,说明常规的恒定围压循环三轴试验会低估高速交通荷载作用下路基土体的沉降。基于试样第10 000圈的永久体应变和永久轴向应变,分别建立了可以量化部分排水条件下循环围压对饱和软黏土永久体应变和永久轴向应变影响的经验公式,并用于预测饱和软黏土在交通荷载这种包含循环偏应力和循环围压耦合作用的复杂应力条件下产生的永久变形。 相似文献