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《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
为揭示注水水质对储层的伤害情况,针对克拉玛依油田清污混注运行中水体不配伍和水质达标率低的问题,开展了清污混注的水体配伍性、水质对岩心的伤害、悬浮颗粒或乳化油对储层堵塞机理及注水水质指标研究。结果表明:克拉玛依油田污水与清水、注入水与地层水均存在一定程度的不配伍,但失钙(镁)率都在30%以下。清污混注增加了注水对岩心伤害的程度,且清水占比越大伤害越重。注入水中悬浮颗粒和乳化油浓度越高,岩心的渗透率保留率越低,对岩心的伤害程度也越大。因此,克拉玛依油田最大的清水配注量应是恰好满足配注所需的最低清水量,回注水的推荐指标为悬浮颗粒质量浓度≤5mg/L、乳化油质量浓度≤20mg/L。 相似文献
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中国油田以注水开发为主,目前其平均采收率在33%左右。笔者研究认为,制约注水开发的一个重要因素是注入水温度明显低于油层温度,由此引发一系列问题,诸如注入水温度低造成油层温度持续下降,增大了原油黏度。长期剧烈的温差导致储层孔喉胶结物及骨架矿物破碎,加剧了大孔道窜流。笔者针对目前注入水温度过低对油田开发效果的不利影响,提出了一些建设性意见,诸如尽可能选择污水回注,前提是水质达标。主要是考虑到采出的地层水矿化度比较高,与油层配伍性比较好,有利于获得较高的驱油效率。同时减少污水治理和外排压力,更有利于环保和清洁生产。尽可能提高注入水的温度,缩小注入水与油层的温度差距,如果采用高于油层温度的热水驱油最为理想。由于注入水流程比较长,受地面环境温度影响较大,基于夏季注入水温度大大高于冬季注入水温度,能否考虑采取不对称注水方式,即夏季注采比高一些,冬季低一些。同时尽量缩短注水流程长度,尽可能减少沿途热损失。尽可能少注水。在满足油田地层能量补充的前提下,尽最大可能减少注水量,同时减少管外窜槽井治理、平面大孔道井治理、只注不采井治理和特高含水且高液量井治理,减少无效注水。本文围绕提高注入水温度,着重讨论地热、太阳能辅助采油构想。... 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
阿拉德油田哈浅22块疏松砂岩稠油油藏通过试采,发现在注蒸汽开采中存在强水敏等储层损害,未采用有效的储层保护技术。通过分析哈浅22块的岩性特征、孔喉特征、流体特征及热采现状,对储层进行了常温和高温敏感性实验,黏土矿物膨胀、转化、溶解实验等综合分析确定储层注蒸汽损害机理。结果表明:高温速敏比常温速敏略强,高温碱敏弱于常温碱敏;碱性越强,黏土矿物的膨胀率越高;高温蒸汽液的注入会促进高岭石向蒙脱石和方沸石转化,会促进蒙脱石向伊利石和方沸石转化;碱性越强、温度越高,黏土矿物的溶解速度也就越快。依据注蒸汽储层损害机理,从注蒸汽措施优化、抗高温黏土稳定剂等方面提出了相应的保护措施,主要包括:储层注蒸汽开发时注气速度应控制在0.75mL/min以内,pH值控制在9以内可以有效地降低速敏、碱敏损害,在一定程度上降低黏土矿物的膨胀和溶解;注蒸汽前和注蒸汽过程中采用无氯小阳离子黏土稳定剂是抑制黏土矿物膨胀和微粒运移,防止由于储集层固有的水敏性而造成对地层伤害的主要措施。 相似文献
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安塞油田长6储层伤害的地质因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对陕北安塞油田长。储层的岩性、物性、孔隙结构、填隙物成分及地层流体性质的分析和研究,探讨了油田勘探开发过程中引起长。储层潜在性伤害的主要地质因素,认为砂岩中的敏感性矿物,尤其是酸敏性矿物是导致长。储层伤害的主要原因,孔隙结构及流体性质也可引起一定程度的储层伤害。在油田开发过程中,建议通过控制注入水的水质标准,或向地层中注人粘土稳定剂、铁离子稳定剂等方法来预防或减轻可能出现的储层伤害。 相似文献
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华池油田华152区低渗透砂岩储层敏感性及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华池油田华152区长3油层组储层为曲流河三角洲粉-细粒长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩,矿物成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等,填隙物含量较高,孔隙结构以中孔细喉型为主,物性较差,属低渗透储层。主要成岩矿物（伊利石、绿泥石、伊／蒙混层、高岭石、方解石、白云石等）使储层对外来流体有不同程度的敏感性反应。“五敏”实验结果表明,储层速敏和碱敏均为弱-中等偏弱,部分伊/蒙混层、绿泥石、碳酸盐矿物含量高的样品表现出强水敏、强酸敏、强盐敏的特征;油田水结垢实验表明,注入水与地层水、储层岩石不配伍产生盐垢CaCO3,CaSO4,实验为开采过程中回注地层水和注气开采等工艺提供油层保护的理论依据。 相似文献
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秦家屯油田储层的敏感性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李永刚 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,(Z1)
储层的敏感性评价是研究储层损害机理、保护储层或减小储层损害的依据,是搞好油田注水开发的基础。采用岩心流动实验装置,开展了储层敏感性的室内实验。结果表明秦家屯油田储集层对流体速度表现为弱敏感性,对盐敏表现为中等偏弱盐敏性,对酸表现为无敏感性,随着注水速度的增加,岩心的渗透率也随之增大,并未出现“桥堵”和“卡堵”现象,说明储层中不稳定的固相颗粒含量低,不能堵塞地层,油层增产可采用提高注入速度、酸化等措施,油层水敏为中等偏弱到中等偏强,注水前要注入稳定剂。碱敏表现为弱碱敏或中等碱敏,对该区三次采油作业中,尤其是碱水驱油要特别注意。 相似文献
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注水开发是提高陕北浅层低孔特低渗油藏最终采收率和开发效益的主要方式。随着开发工作的开展,油田污水已成为注水开发的主要水源,污水的处理、污水回注和再利用是油田可持续高效发展的关键问题之一。针对南泥湾低渗油藏脱后污水及池塘污水化验结果,通过对絮凝剂、助凝剂、杀菌剂、缓蚀阻垢剂、除氧剂、浮选剂种类及加药量的优选,进行了回注污水处理研究。结果表明：按照所筛选出的各种水处理剂选型及浓度选择混合后,配伍性良好,处理后的污水水质各项指标均达到延长低渗透油藏注入水推荐标准,可满足南泥湾油田特低渗油藏注水开发要求。研究结果可为陕北浅层低渗油田污水处理及注水方案优化提供理论依据。 相似文献
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依据注水开发过程中的矛盾,探讨无机垢对低渗/超低渗透岩性油藏影响。在储层特征与水质实验分析研究的基础上,开展真实砂岩微观模型水驱油对比实验。华庆油田长81油藏孔喉结构的非均质性强弱是由喉道结构特征决定,地层水为CaCl2型,洛河层注入水为NaHCO3型;注水开发过程中产生的主要无机垢为CaCO3,少量的MgCO3、CaSO4、BaSO4与SrSO4混合无机垢;无机垢对油藏的伤害是一个动态变化过程,表现为相对较好的物性和孔隙组合类型驱油效率损失率大于相对较差的物性和孔隙组合类型、驱替压力与倍数增大驱油效率损失率增大。注水开发过程中配伍性差产生的无机垢引起孔隙结构非均质性、贾敏效应与压敏效应增强,降低驱油效率,影响开发效果。 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献