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1.
Abstract. Benthic metabolism and standing stocks were investigated in the deep Red Sea between 21o and 27o N, Activity was assessed by the determination of respiration rates with a shipboard method and by calculating oxygen consumption from the activity in the electron transport system. We attempted to compare results from different latitudes within the warm Red Sea and with data from cold Atlantic environments. Our investigations were part of an environmental risk assessment to evaluate future mining of metalliferous sediments from the Atlantis II Deep. 相似文献
2.
Abstract. A mixed population of unicellular and colonial cyanobacteria was transferred into culture from a hypersaline helio-thermal pond in the vicinity of the Dead Sea. The entire complex of strains, incubated in Dead Sea water of varying salinity and temperature, showed a pronounced shift of the maximal growth from a salinity of 72 g l-1 at 30 o C up to 142 g 1-1 at 50 o C. Over the above range of salinities and temperatures, these cyanobacteria were capable of about four divisions per day, providing that any increase in salinity was coupled with the suitable increase in temperature. The above peculiar adaptation can explain the prominent success of this group of microorganisms in the extreme and unstable ecological conditions of hypersaline habitats. Amounts of slime accumulating in the cultures were proportional to the incubation temperature. 相似文献
3.
南海北部表层沉积物中浮游有孔虫分布特征与环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南海北部12°以北海域表层沉积物中的浮游有孔虫丰度、属种数量与组合、碳酸盐含量以及硅质生物相对丰度等进行了分析和鉴定,结果表明:随水深的增加,浮游有孔虫的丰度降低、属种数量减少,碳酸盐含量降低,硅质生物相对丰度升高,浮游有孔虫优势种由易溶种转变为抗溶种。浮游有孔虫以及碳酸盐含量等的这些变化与深海碳酸盐的溶解作用密切相关,同时,浊流沉积作用和水团等环境因素也是影响浮游有孔虫丰度与组合以及碳酸盐含量变化的重要因子。 相似文献
4.
Chen Ronghu Xu Jian Meng Yi Wang Dongjun Liu Chuanlian Huang Baoqi Zhang Fuyuan 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(4):597-606
INTRODUCTIONTwoimportantinterfacespunctuatingtheabyssalverticaltrans sectionarecarbonatelyso clineandcarbonatecompensationdepth (CCD) .Thecarbonatelysoclineislabeledbyabruptincrementofcarbonatedissolutiononcalcitemicrofossilssuchasplanktonicforaminifertests(Berger,1 96 8) ,ordecreasingapparentlyinpercentageofthecarbonateproportion (Panetal ,1 988) .ThoughtherearemanyachievementsonthecarbonatecycleandCCDresearches(Wangetal ,1 995;Rottman ,1 979;Thunelletal ,1 992 ;Zhengetal ,1 993;Mia… 相似文献
5.
During the late summer monsoon living planktonic foraminifera were collected in the southeastern Arabian Sea between 3°N and 15°N by using six vertical plankton tows. Sixteen species of planktonic foraminifera were identified. Among them, Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer are the most abundant species, while the ecologically most important species Globigerina bulloides is very rare. The low abundance of G. bulloides can be explained by the warming of the surface water in combination with deepening of the mixed layer, since this species preferentially dwells in nutrient-rich upwelling waters. The population density of planktonic foraminifera ranges between 31 and 185 specimens per 10−3 m3. The low absolute numbers of planktonic foraminifera are similar to the numbers which were reported before from the non-upwelling areas in the Arabian Sea. The low absolute numbers and the collected foraminiferal assemblages are therefore highly indicative of the Arabian Sea non-upwelling areas. Particularly significant are the low absolute and relative numbers of the non-spinose species Globorotalia menardii and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. The absence of these species indicate the relatively low nutrient levels in this area at the tail end of the summer monsoon period. 相似文献
6.
通过对南海东北部(12°～22°N,116°～122°E)表层沉积中的浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫、钙质超微化石、硅质与钙质生物丰度和比值的定量分析以及碳酸盐含量的测定,发现碳酸盐含量、浮游有孔虫、钙质超微化石丰度以及钙质生物比值随水深的增大迅速减小,而底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群的比值和硅质生物比值以及底栖有孔虫胶结质壳类的百分含量却随水深的增大迅速增加.研究表明,调查区内微体化石丰度和比值以及碳酸钙含量的高低,与碳酸盐溶跃面(lysocline)和碳酸盐补偿深度密切相关,碳酸盐溶跃面和碳酸盐补偿深度南、北还存在一定差异,碳酸盐溶跃面南部较北部深,南部在2600m上下,北部则在2200m上下;碳酸盐补偿深度也是南部的较深,南部为3 600 m上下,而北部在3 400 m上下。 相似文献
7.
Based on a quantitative analysis of foraminifera in 39 surface samples of the Bering andChukchi Seas, the nearly absence of planktonic foraminifera in the surface sediments can be related to the low surface primary productivity and strong carbonate dissolution in the study area. It has been revealed that the surface primary productivity, and carbonate dissolution and properties of water masses related to the water depth mainly control the distribution of benthic foraminifera. The shelf of the Chukchi Sea is dominated by the Elphidium spp. assemblage and Nonionella robusta assemblage with low foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the coastal water mass of the Arctic Ocean. The slope of the Bering Sea is dominated by the Uvigerina peregrina - Globobulimina affinis assemblage with abundant N. robusta, and relatively high foraminiferal abundance and diversity, which is controlled by the intermediate and deep water masses of the Pacific Ocean. However, the Bering Sea has relatively sha 相似文献
8.
白令海和楚科奇海表层沉积中的有孔虫及其沉积环境 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
通过对白令海和北冰洋楚科奇海39个表层沉积样品中有孔虫的定量分析,发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫稀少可能与该区表层生产力低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关,而底栖有孔虫的分布则主要受表层初级生产力以及与水深相关的碳酸盐溶解作用和水团性质所控制,其中北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫以Elphidium spp.组合和Nonionella robusta组合为主,丰度和分异度低,受北冰洋沿岸水团控制;白令海陆坡区有孔虫以Uvigerina peregrina-Globobulimina affinis组合为主,含N.robusta较多,丰度和分异度相对高,受太平洋中层和深层水团控制,但该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度(CCD)相对浅,约分别位于2000和3800m处.此外,白令海陆坡上部表层沉积中含有北冰洋陆坡区典型深水底栖有孔虫种Stetsonia arctica,说明白令海峡两侧的海区曾有深部水交流. 相似文献
9.
通过对安达曼海重力柱ADM-C1的浮游有孔虫群落分析, 探讨了该区全新世以来的海洋环境演化。研究发现, 该区浮游有孔虫群落总体以热带暖水种Globigerinoides ruber、Globigerinoides sacculifer、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Pulleniatina obliquiloculata等为主。其中G. ruber的相对丰度从早全新世至今呈逐渐降低的趋势, G. sacculifer则呈大致相反的变化趋势。N. dutertrei的相对丰度从11—7.9ka BP较高, 到7.9—3.8ka BP偏低, 3.8ka BP以来又逐渐升高。而P. obliquiloculata的变化趋势则与N. dutertrei大致相反。研究认为, 安达曼海不存在与冲绳海槽类似的晚全新世普林虫低值事件。浮游有孔虫群落Q型因子显示全新世海洋环境呈现三个明显的阶段变化: 早全新世 11—7.9ka BP期间, 浮游有孔虫群落以G. ruber、N. dutertrei与G. bulloides为主, 反映了该阶段较强的夏季风降水会导致表层水体盐度较低, 同时冬季风的影响相对较强; 7.9—3.8ka BP期间, 以G. ruber、P. obliquiloculata和Globigerinella aequilateralis为主, 指示水体盐度仍然较低, 同时次表层属种显著增多, 对应了该阶段强盛的印度夏季风, 上层海水混合强烈; 3.8—0ka BP期间, 以G. sacculifer、N. dutertrei和P. obliquiloculata为主要特征属种, 而G. ruber相对丰度明显下降, 表明该时期表层海水的盐度有显著上升, 对应了印度夏季风降水的明显减弱。安达曼海浮游有孔虫群落所呈现的全新世海洋环境阶段性变化和陆地夏季风记录有很好的一致性, 也与该孔敏感粒级组分所反映的印度季风的强度变化一致, 表明热带边缘海区的有孔虫群落组合可以很好地响应区域海洋环境变化。 相似文献
10.
为了解南海北部陆坡末次间冰期以来的古海洋沉积环境演化特征,对研究区ZSQD196PC柱状样有孔虫、硅藻及有孔虫氧同位素资料开展了分析。依据沉积有孔虫、硅藻主要属种的百分含量、丰度及组合特征,将有孔虫划分为3个组合,分别对应于氧同位素MIS1、2、3~4期;将硅藻划分为4个组合,大致对应于MIS1~4期。MIS1期有孔虫以暖水种占优势,Pulleniatina obliquiloculata百分含量显著升高;硅藻丰度低且以热性种占优势,其中冷期出现大量沿岸种,反映相对温暖的气候条件。MIS2~4期有孔虫以冷水种占优势,温跃层种含量相对较高;硅藻丰度高且以广布种占优势,出现沿岸种含量的升高,反映较冷的气候条件。通过对比浮游有孔虫氧同位素,分析讨论了末次盛冰期、Blling—Allerd暖期和新仙女木事件在ZSQD196PC柱状样的沉积响应,揭示了末次冰期中的气候波动。 相似文献
11.
Abstract. The gastric evacuation (at 11 o C and 19 o C) and the relation between prey size and fish size of juveniles of Buglossidium luteum and Arnoglossus thori (Pisces, Heterosomata) are studied. The fish were collected at 20 m depth in the Banyuls Bay (France, Western Mediterranean). B. luteum showed a very rapid evacuation rate at 19 o C (2h to 4h for a IgDW meal) and a slower one at 11o C (9h 30min for a IgDW meal). A. thori showed similar rates at both temperatures (6h 20min to 7 h 30 min for a IgDW meal). The relationship between prey size and predator size showed that A. thori always took larger prey than B. luteum. The diet of the latter changes only slightly with the increasing size of the fish. In contrast, the diet of A. thori changes more rapidly towards larger prey. A hypothesis explaining the contradictory evidence concerning the effect of fish and meal size on gastric evacuation is proposed. 相似文献
12.
现代活体浮游有孔虫的生态研究是其古环境重建应用的重要基础。根据黄、东海陆架2011年秋季采集的20个垂直浮游拖网样品,分析了该海域浮游有孔虫的秋季生态分布特征。结果表明,黄海秋季基本上没有浮游有孔虫的出现。东海共发现13种活体浮游有孔虫,主要优势属种依次为Globigerinoides sacculifer、Pulleniatina obliquiloculata、Globigerina bulloides、Neogloboquadrina dutertrei和Globigerinoides ruber。浮游有孔虫丰度整体上呈现东南高,西北低的分布格局,这种分布格局反映了浮游有孔虫在黄、东海陆架区的分布主要受外海水影响强弱控制。浮游有孔虫主要属种在东海陆架呈现明显的区域分布差异:暖水种G. sacculifer是秋季陆架海区的主要优势种,其分布格局与总丰度基本一致,相对含量从南至北、从东至西逐渐降低,主要受区域表层海水温度变化的控制。G. bulloides与G. sacculifer呈相反的含量分布变化,其高含量主要出现在东海中陆架,从北往南逐渐降低,此外,在闽浙沿岸也有较高含量,表明了温度和生产力是影响G. bulloides在黄、东海陆架分布的主要因素。秋季P. obliquiloculata和N. dutertrei的高含量主要出现在东海南部中陆架区和济州岛西南黄海暖流影响区,可能受暖水与生产力的共同制约。 相似文献
13.
Paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Core ZHS-176 contains the paleoenvironmental records from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). A coupled approach based on clay mineral assemblages, planktonic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, and calcium carbonate content is used to trace the sources of the fine-grained sediment and to investigate the paleoenviornmental evolution in this area. Clay mineral assemblages are dominated by illite (average about 39%) and chlorite (about 27%), which comes mainly from Taiwan and the East China Sea. Kaolinite, which accounts for about 13%, comes mainly from the Zhujiang (Pearl) River, and Luzon Island is the main source for smectite (about 21%). The planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic oscillations during the last glacial period are coeval with climate variations recorded in the Greenland ice core and Western Pacific sediment. These variations include the LGM, Heinrich event 1, Bφlling-Allerφd (B/A), and Younger Dryas. For the Holocene, three periods of strong precipitation (S1-S3) and three periods of weak precipitation (W1-W3) are identified. The oxygen isotopic record exhibits corre-lation with climate records from distant regions, including the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, providing evidence for global tele-connection among regional climate. A brief, negative planktonic foraminiferal carbon isotopic excursion during B/A reflects increased methane released from marine gas hydrate due to the rapid warming of the water. By comparing calcium carbonate content curves of the core ZHS-176 with these of other five boreholes lying above the lysocline, a remarkable low calcium carbonate event is found during the early Holocene in NSCS. 相似文献
14.
通过对南海东北部(12°～22°N,116°～122°E)表层沉积中的浮游有孔虫、底栖有孔虫、钙质超微化石、硅质与钙质生物丰度和比值的定量分析以及碳酸盐含量的测定,发现碳酸盐含量、浮游有孔虫、钙质超微化石丰度以及钙质生物比值随水深的增大迅速减小,而底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群的比值和硅质生物比值以及底栖有孔虫胶结质壳类的百分含量却随水深的增大迅速增加.研究表明,调查区内微体化石丰度和比值以及碳酸钙含量的高低,与碳酸盐溶跃面(lysocline)和碳酸盐补偿深度密切相关,碳酸盐溶跃面和碳酸盐补偿深度南、北还存在一定差异,碳酸盐溶跃面南部较北部深,南部在2 600 m上下,北部则在2 200 m上下;碳酸盐补偿深度也是南部的较深,南部为3 600 m上下,而北部在3 400 m上下. 相似文献
15.
楚科奇海与白令海表层沉积中的钙质和硅质微体化石研究 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
通过对北冰洋楚科奇海和令海41个表层沉积样品中的有孔虫、介形类等钙质微体化石和硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的定量分析，发现表层沉积中浮游有孔虫几乎缺失，这可能与该区表层生产力相对低、碳酸盐溶解作用较强有关，而底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石的丰度分布则明显受表层沉积物类型、表层初级生物生产力和碳酸盐溶解作用所控制。其中，北冰洋楚科奇海陆架区有孔虫丰度和分异度低，含少量浅水介形类，放射虫在陆架浅水区缺失，但含有较多硅藻和海绵骨针等其它硅质微体化石，反映该区由于海冰、表层海水温度较冷而导致表歧初级生产力相对低。白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫丰度比较科奇海高一个数量级，底栖有孔虫分异度也相对高，硅藻、放射虫、海绵骨针等硅质微体化石的丰度与钙质化石一样，其丰度比楚科奇海明显高，反映表层初级生产力相对高。根据白令海陆坡区底栖有孔虫和硅质微体化石丰度、底栖有孔虫胶结质壳比值的水深变化，推测该区碳酸盐溶跃层和补偿深度（CCD）相对浅，分别位于水深2000m和3800m处。 相似文献
16.
Ecophenotypic responses of benthic foraminifera to oxygen availability along an oxygen gradient in the California Borderland 
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下载免费PDF全文 Spatial variation in environmental conditions can elicit predictable size and morphological responses in marine organisms through influences on physiology. Thus, spatial and temporal variation in marine organism size and shape are often used to infer paleoenvironmental conditions, such as dissolved oxygen concentrations. Benthic foraminifera commonly serve as a tool for reconstructing past ocean oxygen levels. For example, benthic foraminiferal species assemblages, within‐ and among‐species patterns of test morphology, and geochemical analyses of carbonate tests are often employed to reconstruct past marine conditions. In this study, we measured the sizes and shapes of modern foraminifera representing four species that inhabit a steep oxygen gradient in the Santa Monica Basin on the Southern California Borderland with the aim of quantifying the influence of oxygen availability on foraminiferal morphology, both within and among species. Most foraminifera rely on aerobic respiration, but the four benthic foraminifera from the Santa Monica Basin do not show the predicted size and morphological responses to variations in dissolved oxygen concentrations based on first principles of cell physiology: Bolivina spissa shows no volume or volume‐to‐surface area response, Uvigerina peregrina increases in both test volume and volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing dissolved oxygen concentrations, and both Bolivina argentea and Loxostomum pseudobeyrichi decrease in test volume, but only L. pseudobeyrichi shows a decrease in test volume‐to‐surface area ratio with decreasing oxygen concentrations as expected from physiological predictions. These findings imply that the morphological responses of individual foraminiferal species are not necessarily representative of the responses of other foraminiferal species within the community. Our findings further suggest that these species use physiological strategies such as depressed metabolic rates and alternative energy metabolisms to persist in low oxygen environments and, therefore, cannot be used in any simple way as paleo‐oxygen indicators. Should Proterozoic (1,000–542 million years ago) protists have possessed metabolic strategies similar to foraminifera, the sizes and shapes of protists in the fossil record may not usefully constrain ambient oxygen conditions during the appearance and initial taxonomic radiation of heterotrophic eukaryotes. 相似文献
17.
对东海84个表层沉积样品和5个重力柱状样中的翼足类和浮游有孔虫丰度、浮游有孔虫碎壳率和底栖有孔虫群中胶结质类的比例等进行了定量分析,确定了东海现代文石补偿深度（ACD）位于约600 m处,碳酸盐溶跃面在约1 400 m处.末次冰期时随着碳酸盐溶解作用的显著减弱,ACD大幅度下降至现代的1 000 m之下. 相似文献
18.
Abstract. Three species of Alvinellidae are found on walls of some hydrothermal chimneys at 13o N on the East Pacific Rise (EPR); numerous epibiotic bacteria were associated with two of these polychaetes, Alvinella pompejana and Alvinella caudata , but not with the third, Paralvinella grasslei. Many studies suggest that chemoautotrophic bacteria play a prominent role in deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems. Particularly important are the intracellular bacteria present in the giant pogonophores and bivalve molluscs.
The abundant epibioses observed on these Alvinella species are unusual and the relationships between these bacteria and the worms are unknown. Previous results, including13 C values, morphological insertion of the bacteria on the epidermis, presence of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, and fixation of 14 C bicarbonate in some bacteria and in the dorsal epidermis, suggest that a trophic relationship could exist between Alvinella and its epibiotic bacteria. The present study compared the incorporation area of 14 C bicarbonate in the 3 species. Paralvinella , which is devoid of epibiotic bacteria, served as a control. 相似文献
The abundant epibioses observed on these Alvinella species are unusual and the relationships between these bacteria and the worms are unknown. Previous results, including
19.
Role of Bacteria in the Carbon and Nitrogen Flow between Water-Column and Sediment in a Shallow Marine Bay (Bay of Piran, Northern Adriatic Sea) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. The interdependences between phytoplankton standing crop, bacterial biomass and the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in the water column were investigated and related to sediment parameters in a shallow marine bay (Bay of Piran, Northern Adriatic Sea) over an annual cycle. Bacterioplankton density varied between 1–10 × 105 cells ml-1 , with lowest density observed in March corresponding to the low Chi a concentrations during this period. Generation times as determined by dialysis incubations ranged between 4h (June) and 82 h (March). Mean bacterial secondary production rates during summer were about 40 mg C m-1 d-1 and 5mg C m-3. d-1 during winter. With a short time lag, DOM concentrations followed the fluctuation in Chi a.
Sediment oxygen demand measurements revealed a mean mineralization rate of about 260 mg C m-2 d-1 during summer and 100–200 mg C m-2 d-1 in winter. Sediment bacterial density varied between 108 - 109 cells g (sediment dry wt)-1 in the top 5 cm sediment layer or, in terms of biomass, 4.3 g C m-l during summer and 0.6 g C m-2 during winter. Highest concentrations of DOM in pore waters were measured in September, coinciding with high rates of sediment oxygen demand. 相似文献
Sediment oxygen demand measurements revealed a mean mineralization rate of about 260 mg C m
20.
M. S. Barash T. A. Khusid A. G. Matul M. P. Chekhovskaya N. Biebow D. Nürnberg R. Tiedemann 《Oceanology》2008,48(1):105-113
Benthic foraminifera are investigated in sediment core LV28-34-2 (53°51.971′N, 146°47.499′E, sea depth 1431 m, core length 965 cm). The distribution of foraminifera is studied in coarse-grained (>0.125 mm) sediment fractions of 191 samples taken with a step of 5 cm. The core covers the interval from oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 6 up to the Holocene. The foraminiferal assemblages of the penultimate (OIS 6) and last (OIS 5d-2) glaciations are characterized by low abundances and prevalence of Uvigerina auberiana. The specific structure of the OIS 6 assemblages differs from the last glaciation ones by the mass presence of Cassidulina teretis, which characterizes low temperatures and a high influx of organic matter to the sea floor. The major factor responsible for the weak development of benthic foraminifers during the glacial time is the deficiency of food resources. The foraminiferal assemblage of the interglacial optimum (OIS 5e) is composed of both calcareous and agglutinated species (Martinottiella communis).The inflow of Pacific waters was probably more intensive, the bioproductivity was higher, and the critical carbonate compensation depth was shallower at that time than during the glaciations. During the deglaciation, the quantity and structure of the foraminiferal assemblages reflected two pulses of warming (terminations 1B and 1A) with an intervenient cooling event (Younger Dryassic). The assemblages of warm periods were characterized by exclusively high foraminiferal abundances, which sharply decreased during the Younger Dryassic cooling. The specific structure of the foraminiferal assemblage during deglaciation was relatively uniform, being composed of only calcareous taxa typical of highly productive areas of the ocean. The paleoenvironmental conditions were similar to the conditions of the interglacial optimum (OIS 5e), although the preservation of calcareous tests is better. In the Holocene sediments, the concentration of benthic foraminifera is substantially lower than during the deglaciation, which is explainable by their dilution in the sediments by diatoms; the composition of the foraminiferal assemblages is similar to that of their glacial counterparts. 相似文献